1
|
De Anna JS, Bieczynski F, Cárcamo JG, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Chlorpyrifos stimulates ABCC-mediated transport in the intestine of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 187:105222. [PMID: 36127061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos, detected in water and food worldwide, has also been found in the Río Negro and Neuquén Valley, North Patagonia, Argentina, where the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is one of the most abundant fish species. We analyzed whether chlorpyrifos affects the transport activity of the ATP-binding cassette protein transporters from the subfamily C (ABCC), which are critical components of multixenobiotic resistance. We exposed ex vivo O. mykiss middle intestine strips (non-polarized) and segments (polarized) for one hour to 0 (solvent control), 3, 10, and 20 μg L-1 and to 0, 10, and 20 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos, respectively. We estimated the Abcc-mediated transport rate by measuring the transport rate of the specific Abcc substrate 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG). In addition, we measured the enzymatic activity of cholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD, indicative of the activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A, CYP1A). We also measured lipid peroxidation using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and the gene expression of Abcc2 and genes of the AhR pathway, AhR, ARNT, and cyp1a, by qRT-PCR. Chlorpyrifos induced the DNP-SG transport rate in middle intestine strips in a concentration-dependent manner (49-71%). In polarized preparations, the induction of the DNP-SG transport rate was observed only in everted segments exposed to 20 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos (40%), indicating that CPF only stimulated the apical (luminal) transport flux. Exposure to chlorpyrifos increased GST activity by 42% in intestine strips and inhibited EROD activity (47.5%). In addition, chlorpyrifos exposure inhibited cholinesterase (34-55%) and carboxylesterase (33-42.5%) activities at all the concentrations assayed and increased TBARS levels in a concentration-dependent manner (71-123%). Exposure to 20 μgL-1 chlorpyrifos did not affect the mRNA expression of the studied genes. The lack of inhibition of DNP-SG transport suggests that chlorpyrifos is not an Abcc substrate. Instead, CPF induces the activity of Abcc proteins in the apical membrane of enterocytes, likely through a post-translational pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas -Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas -Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Fehrmann M, Kesternich V, Puelles A, Quezada V, Salazar F, Christen P, Castillo J, Cárcamo JG, Castro-Alvarez A, Nelson R. Synthesis, antitumor activity, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of new iodinated 4-(3 H)-quinazolinones 3 N-substituted. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21340-21352. [PMID: 35975048 PMCID: PMC9344282 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 6-iodo-2-methylquinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives, 3a–n, were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e, and 3h showed remarkable cytotoxic activity on specific human cancer cell lines when compared to the anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Compound 3a was found to be particularly effective on promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma U937, with IC50 values of 21 and 30 μM, respectively. Compound 3d showed significant activity against cervical cancer HeLa (IC50 = 10 μM). The compounds 3e and 3h were strongly active against glioblastoma multiform tumour T98G, with IC50 values of 12 and 22 μM, respectively. These five compounds showed an interesting cytotoxic activity on four human cancer cell types of high incidence. The molecular docking results reveal a good correlation between experimental activity and calculated binding affinity on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Docking studies proved 3d as the most potent compound. In addition, the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis exhibited activities that may indicate the existence of electron-withdrawing and lipophilic groups at the para-position of the phenyl ring and hydrophobic interactions of the quinazolinic ring in the DHFR active site. New iodinated 4-(3H)-quinazolinones 3N-substituted with antitumor activity and 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Pérez-Fehrmann
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Víctor Kesternich
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Arturo Puelles
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Víctor Quezada
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Fernanda Salazar
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Philippe Christen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Castillo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile.,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR) Chile
| | - Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioproductos Farmacéuticos y Cosméticos, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera Av. Francisco Salazar 01145 Temuco 4780000 Chile.,Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Casilla 40, Correo 33 Santiago Chile
| | - Ronald Nelson
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cárcamo JG, Aguilar MN, Carreño CF, Vera T, Arias-Darraz L, Figueroa JE, Romero AP, Alvarez M, Yañez AJ. Consecutive emamectin benzoate and deltamethrin treatments affect the expressions and activities of detoxification enzymes in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:129-137. [PMID: 27765649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to three consecutive, alternating treatments with emamectin benzoate (EMB) and deltamethrin (DM) during outbreaks of Caligus rogercresseyi in a farm located in southern Chile (Hornopiren, Chiloé), were studied to determine the effects of these treatments on the protein and enzymatic activity levels of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in different tissues. Consecutive and alternating EMB/DM treatments resulted in a 10-fold increase and 3-fold decrease of CYP1A protein levels in the intestine and gills, respectively. Notably, CYP1A activity levels decreased in most of the analyzed tissues. FMO protein and activity levels markedly increased in the kidney and the intestine. GST was up-regulated in all tissues, either as protein or enzyme activity. When comparing consecutive EMB/DM treatments against previous studies of EMB treatment alone, CYP1A activity levels were similarly diminished, except in muscle. Likewise, FMO activity levels were increased in most of the analyzed tissues, particularly in the muscle, kidney, and intestine. The increases observed for GST were essentially unchanged between consecutive EMB/DM and EMB only treatments. These results indicate that consecutive EMB/DM treatments in rainbow trout induce the expression and activity of FMO and GST enzymes and decrease CYP1A activity. These altered activities of detoxification enzymes could generate imbalances in metabolic processes, synthesis, degradation of hormones and complications associated with drug interactions. It is especially important when analyzing possible effects of consecutive antiparasitic treatments on withholding periods and salmon farming yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile.
| | - Marcelo N Aguilar
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Constanza F Carreño
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tamara Vera
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Luis Arias-Darraz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jaime E Figueroa
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Alex P Romero
- Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile; Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Patología Acuática, Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marco Alvarez
- Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile; Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yañez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gallardo MA, Cárcamo JG, Hiller B, Nuernberg G, Nuernberg K, Dannenberger D. Expression of lipid metabolism related genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue from Chilota lambs grazing on two different pasture types. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asuncion Gallardo
- Escuela de Graduados; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Escuela de Graduados; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - Beate Hiller
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology; Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry; Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Gerd Nuernberg
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology; Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry; Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Karin Nuernberg
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology; Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry; Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology; Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry; Dummerstorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nicolao MC, Denegri GM, Cárcamo JG, Cumino AC. P-glycoprotein expression and pharmacological modulation in larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Peigñan L, Garrido W, Segura R, Melo R, Rojas D, Cárcamo JG, San Martín R, Quezada C. Combined use of anticancer drugs and an inhibitor of multiple drug resistance-associated protein-1 increases sensitivity and decreases survival of glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1397-406. [PMID: 21544552 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumour characterised by a remarkably high chemoresistance and infiltrating capability. To date, chemotherapy with temozolomide has contributed only poorly to improved survival rates in patients. One of the most important mechanisms of chemoresistance comes about through the activity of certain proteins from the ATP-binding cassette superfamily that extrudes antitumour drugs, or their metabolites, from cells. We identify an increased expression of the multiple drug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1) in glioblastoma multiforme biopsies and in T98G and G44 cell lines. The activity of this transporter was also confirmed by measuring the extrusion of the fluorescent substrate CFDA. The sensitivity of GBM cells was low upon exposure to temozolomide, vincristine and etoposide, with decreases in cell viability of below 20% seen at therapeutic concentrations of these drugs. However, combined exposure to vincristine or etoposide with an inhibitor of Mrp1 efficiently decreased cell viability by up to 80%. We conclude that chemosensitization of cells with inhibitors of Mrp1 activity might be an efficient tool for the treatment of human GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Peigñan
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, P.O. box 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quezada C, Peigñan L, Segura R, Riquelme F, Melo R, Rojas Z D, Ayach F, San Martín R, Cárcamo JG. [Study of resistance to chemotherapy mediated by ABC transporters in biopsies of glioblastoma multiforme]. Rev Med Chil 2011; 139:415-424. [PMID: 21879178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rate is dramatically high in high grade brain tumors. The presence of multiple drug resistance transporters in glioblastoma multiforme, has contributed largely to the poor efficacy of targeted therapy against cancer in the central nervous system. AIM To analyze the percentage of survival and mortality of patients with glioblastoma multiforme in a cohort of patients in Chile and to co-rrelate the chemo-resistance of these cells with the expression level of multiple drug resistance transporters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen biopsies of glioblastoma multiforme were obtained from patients at the Institute of Neurosurgery Dr. Asenjo (INCA). The tumor cells were obtained from primary cultures and the expression and activity of multiple drug resistance transporters was assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Population-based study was performed using the databases of the Department of Neurosurgery of INCA. RESULTS The number of patients with glioblastoma multiforme increased between 2007 and 2009, from 3.5% to 7.9% of total brain tumors. Mortality of these tumors is 90 % at three years. A high expression and activity of the multiple drugs resistance associated protein 1 (Mrp1) transporter was observed in primary cultures of biopsies. CONCLUSIONS We propose that Mrp1 activity is responsible for the chemo-resistance of the glioblastoma multiforme and inhibition of this transporter could represent a plausible strategy for the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Quezada
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quezada C, Peigñan L, Segura R, Riquelme F, Melo R, Rojas Z D, Ayach F, San Martín R, Cárcamo JG. Glioblastoma multiforme y estudio de la resistencia a la quimioterapia mediada por transportadores ABC. Rev Med Chil 2011. [DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872011000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Rauch MC, San Martín A, Ojeda D, Quezada C, Salas M, Cárcamo JG, Yañez AJ, Slebe JC, Claude A. Tacrolimus causes a blockage of protein secretion which reinforces its immunosuppressive activity and also explains some of its toxic side-effects. Transpl Immunol 2009; 22:72-81. [PMID: 19628039 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (FK506) is a macrolide immunosuppressant drug from the calcineurin inhibitor family, widely used in solid organ and islet cell transplantation, but produces significant side-effects. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of FK506 on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and insulin secretion, establishing a novel characteristic of this drug that could explain its diverse adverse effects, and developed an experimental model for the simultaneous analysis of mRNA expression and protein secretion affected by this drug. METHODS The IL-2 levels when tacrolimus was administered were analysed by Western blot, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR in a T lymphocyte cellular line (Jurkat) 24 h post-stimulation. The insulin levels when tacrolimus was administered were analysed 4 h after stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in a pancreatic cellular line (MIN6). RESULTS The previously published information describes tacrolimus as only capable of partially blocking IL-2 mRNA expression. In our hands, the cellular content of IL-2 is almost undetectable in stimulated Jurkat cells and can be detected in cellular extracts only when the secretory pathway is blocked by brefeldin A (BFA). BFA added 2 h after the beginning of stimulation was able to inhibit IL-2 secretion, without affecting IL-2 mRNA expression. Therefore BFA utilization allowed us to establish a model to analyze the effect on IL-2 secretion, separately from its expression. Tacrolimus added before stimulation inhibits only IL-2 synthesis, but blocks IL-2 protein secretion when added 2 h after stimulation. Similarly, tacrolimus is also capable of blocking the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin by MIN6 cells. An increase of the intracellular content can be detected concomitantly with a decrease of the hormone measured in the culture medium. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that tacrolimus possesses another important effect in addition to the inhibition of IL-2 gene transcription, namely the ability to act as a general inhibitor of the protein secretory pathway. These results strongly suggest that the diabetogenic effect of the immune suppressant FK506 could be caused by the blockade of insulin secretion. This novel effect also provides an explanation for other side-effects observed in immunosuppressive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Rauch
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quezada CA, Garrido WX, González-Oyarzún MA, Rauch MC, Salas MR, Martín RES, Claude AA, Yañez AJ, Slebe JC, Cárcamo JG. Effect of Tacrolimus on Activity and Expression of P-Glycoprotein and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A5 (ABCA5) Proteins in Hematoencephalic Barrier Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1911-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Andrea Quezada
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Wallys Ximena Garrido
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | | | - María Cecilia Rauch
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Mónica Roxana Salas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Rody Enrique San Martín
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Alejandro Andrés Claude
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Alejandro Javier Yañez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Slebe
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Farmacología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cárcamo JG, Yañez AJ, Ludwig HC, León O, Pinto RO, Reyes AM, Slebe JC. The C1-C2 interface residue lysine 50 of pig kidney fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase has a crucial role in the cooperative signal transmission of the AMP inhibition. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267:2242-51. [PMID: 10759847 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism of signal propagation involved in the cooperative AMP inhibition of the homotetrameric enzyme pig-kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, Arg49 and Lys50 residues located at the C1-C2 interface of this enzyme were replaced using site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant enzymes Lys50Ala, Lys50Gln, Arg49Ala and Arg49Gln were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and the initial rate kinetics were compared with the wild-type recombinant enzyme. The mutants exhibited kcat, Km and I50 values for fructose-2,6-bisphosphate that were similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. The kinetic mechanism of AMP inhibition with respect to Mg2+ was changed from competitive (wild-type) to noncompetitive in the mutant enzymes. The Lys50Ala and Lys50Gln mutants showed a biphasic behavior towards AMP, with total loss of cooperativity. In addition, in these mutants the mechanism of AMP inhibition with respect to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate changed from noncompetitive (wild-type) to uncompetitive. In contrast, AMP inhibition was strongly altered in Arg49Ala and Arg49Gln enzymes; the mutants had > 1000-fold lower AMP affinity relative to the wild-type enzyme and exhibited no AMP cooperativity. These studies strongly indicate that the C1-C2 interface is critical for propagation of the cooperative signal between the AMP sites on the different subunits and also in the mechanism of allosteric inhibition of the enzyme by AMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rivas CI, Vera JC, Guaiquil VH, Velásquez FV, Bórquez-Ojeda OA, Cárcamo JG, Concha II, Golde DW. Increased uptake and accumulation of vitamin C in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected hematopoietic cell lines. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:5814-20. [PMID: 9038196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is required for normal host defense and functions importantly in cellular redox systems. To define the interrelationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and vitamin C flux at the cellular level, we analyzed vitamin C uptake and its effects on virus production and cellular proliferation in HIV-infected and uninfected human lymphoid, myeloid, and mononuclear phagocyte cell lines. Chronic or acute infection of these cell lines by HIV-1 led to increased expression of glucose transporter 1, associated with increased transport and accumulation of vitamin C. Infected cells also showed increased transport of glucose analogs. Exposure to vitamin C had a complex effect on cell proliferation and viral production. Low concentrations of vitamin C increased or decreased cell proliferation depending on the cell line and either had no effect or caused increased viral production. Exposure to high concentrations of vitamin C preferentially decreased the proliferation and survival of the HIV-infected cells and caused decreased viral production. These findings indicate that HIV infection in lymphocytic, monocytic, and myeloid cell lines leads to increased expression of glucose transporter 1 and consequent increased cellular vitamin C uptake. High concentrations of vitamin C were preferentially toxic to HIV-infected host defense cell lines in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C I Rivas
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vera JC, Reyes AM, Cárcamo JG, Velásquez FV, Rivas CI, Zhang RH, Strobel P, Iribarren R, Scher HI, Slebe JC. Genistein is a natural inhibitor of hexose and dehydroascorbic acid transport through the glucose transporter, GLUT1. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:8719-24. [PMID: 8621505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.15.8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a dietary-derived plant product that inhibits the activity of protein-tyrosine kinases. We show here that it is a potent inhibitor of the mammalian facilitative hexose transporter GLUT1. In human HL-60 cells, which express GLUT1, genistein inhibited the transport of dehydroascorbic acid, deoxyglucose, and methylglucose in a dose-dependent manner. Transport was not affected by daidzein, an inactive genistein analog that does not inhibit protein-tyrosine kinase activity, or by the general protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Genistein inhibited the uptake of deoxyglucose and dehydroascorbic acid in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells overexpressing GLUT1 in a similar dose-dependent manner. Genistein also inhibited the uptake of deoxyglucose in human erythrocytes indicating that its effect on glucose transporter function is cell-independent. The inhibitory action of genistein on transport was instantaneous, with no additional effect observed in cells preincubated with it for various periods of time. Genistein did not alter the uptake of leucine by HL-60 cells, indicating that its inhibitory effect was specific for the glucose transporters. The inhibitory effect of genistein was of the competitive type, with a Ki of approximately 12 microM for inhibition of the transport of both methylglucose and deoxyglucose. Binding studies showed that genistein inhibited glucose-displaceable binding of cytochalasin B to GLUT1 in erythrocyte ghosts in a competitive manner, with a Ki of 7 microM. These data indicate that genistein inhibits the transport of dehydroascorbic acid and hexoses by directly interacting with the hexose transporter GLUT1 and interfering with its transport activity, rather than as a consequence of its known ability to inhibit protein-tyrosine kinases. These observations indicate that some of the many effects of genistein on cellular physiology may be related to its ability to disrupt the normal cellular flux of substrates through GLUT1, a hexose transporter universally expressed in cells, and is responsible for the basal uptake of glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Vera
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|