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Novotný JS, Gonzalez-Rivas JP, Kunzová Š, Skladaná M, Pospíšilová A, Polcrová A, Vassilaki M, Medina-Inojosa JR, Lopez-Jimenez F, Geda YE, Stokin GB. The long-term effects of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental health. BJPsych Open 2023; 10:e15. [PMID: 38111960 PMCID: PMC10755548 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the long-term effects remain unclear. AIMS To examine longitudinal changes in mental health before and during the consecutive COVID-19 waves in a well-established probability sample. METHOD An online survey was completed by the participants of the COVID-19 add-on study at four time points: pre-COVID-19 period (2014-2015, n = 1823), first COVID-19 wave (April to May 2020, n = 788), second COVID-19 wave (August to October 2020, n = 532) and third COVID-19 wave (March to April 2021, n = 383). Data were collected via a set of validated instruments, and analysed with latent growth models. RESULTS During the pandemic, we observed a significant increase in stress levels (standardised β = 0.473, P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (standardised β = 1.284, P < 0.001). The rate of increase in depressive symptoms (std. covariance = 0.784, P = 0.014), but not in stress levels (std. covariance = 0.057, P = 0.743), was associated with the pre-pandemic mental health status of the participants. Further analysis showed that secondary stressors played a predominant role in the increase in mental health difficulties. The main secondary stressors were loneliness, negative emotionality associated with the perception of COVID-19 disease, lack of resilience, female gender and younger age. CONCLUSIONS The surge in stress levels and depressive symptoms persisted across all three consecutive COVID-19 waves. This persistence is attributable to the effects of secondary stressors, and particularly to the status of mental health before the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal mechanisms underlying the surge in mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 waves, with direct implications for strategies promoting mental health during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sebastian Novotný
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Rivas
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic; and Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA
| | - Šárka Kunzová
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Skladaná
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic; and Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pospíšilová
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Polcrová
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic; and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jose Ramon Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and Marriot Heart Disease Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yonas Endale Geda
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; and Franke Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gorazd Bernard Stokin
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic; and Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
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Proietti R, Maranho Neto GA, Kunzova S, Lo Re O, Ahola-Olli A, Heliste J, Gonzalez-Rivas JP, Vinciguerra M. Pharmacogenomic profile of a central European urban random population-Czech population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284386. [PMID: 37079615 PMCID: PMC10118108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of variability in drug response is at the core of pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies, aiming at reducing adverse drug reaction (ADR), which have interethnic variability. This study used the Kardiovize Brno 2030 random urban Czech sample population to analyze polymorphisms in a wide spectrum of genes coding for liver enzymes involved in drug metabolism. We aimed at correlating real life drug consumption with pharmacogenomic profile, and at comparing these data with the SUPER-Finland Finnish PGx database. A total of 250 individuals representative of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 cohort were included in an observational study. Blood DNA was extracted and 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 13 genes (BCHE, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, F2, F5, IFNL3, SLCO1B1, TPMT, UGT1A1, VKORC1), associated to different drug metabolizing rates, were characterized by genotyping using a genome wide commercial array. Widely used drugs such as anti-coagulant warfarin and lipid lowering agent atorvastatin were associated to an alarmingly high percentage of users with intermediate/poor metabolism for them. Significant differences in the frequency of normal/intermediate/poor/ultrarapid/rapid metabolizers were observed for CYPD26 (p<0.001), CYP2C19 (p<0.001) and UGT1A1 (p<0.001) between the Czech and the Finnish study populations. Our study demonstrated that administration of some popular drugs to a Czech random sample population is associated with different drug metabolizing rates and therefore exposing to risk for ADRs. We also highlight interethnic differentiation of some common pharmacogenetics variants between Central (Czech) and North European (Finnish) population studies, suggesting the utility of PGx-informed prescription based on variant genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (LCCS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldo A Maranho Neto
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kunzova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oriana Lo Re
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna (RIMUV), Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Juho Heliste
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Rivas
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna (RIMUV), Varna, Bulgaria
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (LCCS), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Polcrova A, Lustigova M, Pavlovska I, Maranhao Neto GA, Pikhart H, Kucera Z, Gonzalez-Rivas JP. Health literacy in phases of health information processing in the Czech population. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low level of health literacy (HL), defined as an individual's ability to process health information, is strongly associated with higher mortality and morbidity. In earlier analysis of cross-sectional survey in Czechia in 2014, 59% of subjects showed a low level of HL, with particularly worrying results in area of health promotion (64% with low levels of HL). The levels of HL in phases of health information processing, however, were not included.
Aim
To describe the level of HL in phases of obtaining, understanding, evaluating, and applying health information, and to assess social determinants of HL in these phases.
Methods
18 to 65 years old subjects from a random population-based Czech sample from 2014 were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. The level of HL was determined by Health Literacy Index (HLI, range 0-50). A low level of HL was defined as HLI <33. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between a low level of HL and social status.
Results
In total, 996 participants (51% females) were included. The prevalence of low level of HL was 64% in obtaining, 56% in understanding, 70% in evaluating and 64% in applying. A low level of HL was associated with a low perceived social status in all phases of information processing even after adjustment for age, gender, education, self-reported health condition, physical activity, BMI and smoking status (ORs 3.2, 2.0, 3.4 and 2.8, respectively, for obtaining, understanding, evaluating and applying, all p-values<0.05).
Conclusions
People with lower social status have a higher risk of a low level of HL in all phases, with the highest risk in the phase of health information evaluation which was determined as the most problematic. Further intervention should aim to support individual skills in decision making and actions in fields of healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion including the availability of relevant understandable information for all social groups in the population.
Key messages
The most problematic area of health literacy is health information evaluation. People with lower social status have a higher risk of a low level of health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polcrova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - M Lustigova
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - I Pavlovska
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - GA Maranhao Neto
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - H Pikhart
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z Kucera
- Institute for Health Literacy, Prague, Czechia
| | - JP Gonzalez-Rivas
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- FISPEVEN INC, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
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Novotný JS, Gonzalez-Rivas JP, Kunzová Š, Skladaná M, Pospíšilová A, Polcrová A, Medina-Inojosa JR, Lopez-Jimenez F, Geda YE, Stokin GB. Risk Factors Underlying COVID-19 Lockdown-Induced Mental Distress. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:603014. [PMID: 33424666 PMCID: PMC7793642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.603014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown resulted in changes in mental health, however, potential age-related changes and risk factors remain unknown. We measured COVID-19 lockdown-induced stress levels and the severity of depressive symptoms prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown in different age groups and then searched for potential risk factors in a well-characterized general population-based sample. A total of 715 participants were tested for mental distress and related risk factors at two time-points, baseline testing prior to COVID-19 and follow-up testing during COVID-19, using a battery of validated psychological tests including the Perceived Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Longitudinal measurements revealed that the prevalence of moderate to high stress and the severity of depressive symptoms increased 1.4- and 5.5-fold, respectively, during the COVID-19 lockdown. This surge in mental distress was more severe in women, but was present in all age groups with the older age group exhibiting, cross-sectionally, the lowest levels of mental distress prior to and during the lockdown. Illness perception, personality characteristics such as a feeling of loneliness, and several lifestyle components were found to be associated with a significant increase in mental distress. The observed changes in mental health and the identified potential risk factors underlying these changes provide critical data justifying timely and public emergency-tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic mental health interventions, which should be integrated into future public health policies globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sebastian Novotný
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Rivas
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Šárka Kunzová
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mária Skladaná
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Pospíšilová
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Polcrová
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jose Ramon Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yonas Endale Geda
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gorazd Bernard Stokin
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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