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Israel E, Cardet JC, Carroll JK, Fuhlbrigge AL, She L, Rockhold FW, Maher NE, Fagan M, Forth VE, Yawn BP, Arias Hernandez P, Kruse JM, Manning BK, Rodriguez-Louis J, Shields JB, Ericson B, Colon-Moya AD, Madison S, Coyne-Beasley T, Hammer GM, Kaplan BM, Rand CS, Robles J, Thompson O, Wechsler ME, Wisnivesky JP, McKee MD, Jariwala SP, Jerschow E, Busse PJ, Kaelber DC, Nazario S, Hernandez ML, Apter AJ, Chang KL, Pinto-Plata V, Stranges PM, Hurley LP, Trevor J, Casale TB, Chupp G, Riley IL, Shenoy K, Pasarica M, Calderon-Candelario RA, Tapp H, Baydur A, Pace WD. Reliever-Triggered Inhaled Glucocorticoid in Black and Latinx Adults with Asthma. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1505-1518. [PMID: 35213105 PMCID: PMC10367430 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2118813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black and Latinx patients bear a disproportionate burden of asthma. Efforts to reduce the disproportionate morbidity have been mostly unsuccessful, and guideline recommendations have not been based on studies in these populations. METHODS In this pragmatic, open-label trial, we randomly assigned Black and Latinx adults with moderate-to-severe asthma to use a patient-activated, reliever-triggered inhaled glucocorticoid strategy (beclomethasone dipropionate, 80 μg) plus usual care (intervention) or to continue usual care. Participants had one instructional visit followed by 15 monthly questionnaires. The primary end point was the annualized rate of severe asthma exacerbations. Secondary end points included monthly asthma control as measured with the Asthma Control Test (ACT; range, 5 [poor] to 25 [complete control]), quality of life as measured with the Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI; range, 0 to 1, with lower scores indicating greater impairment), and participant-reported missed days of work, school, or usual activities. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS Of 1201 adults (603 Black and 598 Latinx), 600 were assigned to the intervention group and 601 to the usual-care group. The annualized rate of severe asthma exacerbations was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.78) in the intervention group and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.92) in the usual-care group (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.999; P = 0.048). ACT scores increased by 3.4 points (95% CI, 3.1 to 3.6) in the intervention group and by 2.5 points (95% CI, 2.3 to 2.8) in the usual-care group (difference, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.2); ASUI scores increased by 0.12 points (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.13) and 0.08 points (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.09), respectively (difference, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.05). The annualized rate of missed days was 13.4 in the intervention group and 16.8 in the usual-care group (rate ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95). Serious adverse events occurred in 12.2% of the participants, with an even distribution between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Among Black and Latinx adults with moderate-to-severe asthma, provision of an inhaled glucocorticoid and one-time instruction on its use, added to usual care, led to a lower rate of severe asthma exacerbations. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and others; PREPARE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02995733.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Israel
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Juan-Carlos Cardet
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Jennifer K Carroll
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Anne L Fuhlbrigge
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Lilin She
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Frank W Rockhold
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Nancy E Maher
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Maureen Fagan
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Victoria E Forth
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Barbara P Yawn
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Paulina Arias Hernandez
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Jean M Kruse
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Brian K Manning
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Jacqueline Rodriguez-Louis
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Joel B Shields
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Brianna Ericson
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Alex D Colon-Moya
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Suzanne Madison
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Tamera Coyne-Beasley
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Gretchen M Hammer
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Barbara M Kaplan
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Cynthia S Rand
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Janet Robles
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Opal Thompson
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - M Diane McKee
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Sunit P Jariwala
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Elina Jerschow
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Paula J Busse
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - David C Kaelber
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Sylvette Nazario
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Andrea J Apter
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Ku-Lang Chang
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Victor Pinto-Plata
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Paul M Stranges
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Laura P Hurley
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Jennifer Trevor
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Thomas B Casale
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Geoffrey Chupp
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Isaretta L Riley
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Kartik Shenoy
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Magdalena Pasarica
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Rafael A Calderon-Candelario
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Hazel Tapp
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Ahmet Baydur
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
| | - Wilson D Pace
- From the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (E.I., N.E.M., V.E.F., P.A.H., J.M.K., J.R.L., B.E.), and patient partner (O.T.), Boston, and the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (V.P.P.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (J.-C.C., T.B.C.), the Department of Nursing, University of Miami Health System (M.F.), and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami (R.A.C.C.), Miami, the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.L.C.), and the University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando (M.P.) - all in Florida; the Department of Family Medicine (J.K.C., W.D.P.) and the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.L.F.), University of Colorado, Aurora, the Public Leadership Group (G.M.H.), the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health (M.E.W.), and the Denver Health and Hospital Authority (L.P.H.), Denver - all in Colorado; the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, KS (J.K.C., B.K.M., J.B.S.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (L.S., F.W.R.); the Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.P.Y.), and patient partner, St. Paul (S.M.) - both in Minnesota; patient partner, South Jordan, UT (A.D.C.M.); the Division of Adolescent Medicine (T.C.B.) and the Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.T.); the American Lung Association, Washington, DC (B.M.K.); the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.S.R.); patient partner (J.R.), the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.P.W.) and Clinical Immunology and Allergy (P.J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Montefiore Medical Center, (E.J.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.D.M., S.P.J.) - all in New York; the Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, the MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (D.C.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (S.N.); the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (M.L.H.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (I.L.R.), and the Department of Family Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte (H.T.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.J.A.), and the Temple Lung Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (K.S.) - both in Philadelphia; the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.M.S.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (G.C.); and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.B.)
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Wechsler ME, Szefler SJ, Ortega VE, Pongracic JA, Chinchilli V, Lima JJ, Krishnan JA, Kunselman SJ, Mauger D, Bleecker ER, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Benson M, Blake KV, Cabana MD, Cardet JC, Castro M, Chmiel JF, Covar R, Denlinger L, DiMango E, Fitzpatrick AM, Gentile D, Grossman N, Holguin F, Jackson DJ, Kumar H, Kraft M, LaForce CF, Lang J, Lazarus SC, Lemanske RF, Long D, Lugogo N, Martinez F, Meyers DA, Moore WC, Moy J, Naureckas E, Olin JT, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Que L, Raissy H, Robison RG, Ross K, Sheehan W, Smith LJ, Solway J, Sorkness CA, Sullivan-Vedder L, Wenzel S, White S, Israel E. Step-Up Therapy in Black Children and Adults with Poorly Controlled Asthma. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1227-1239. [PMID: 31553835 PMCID: PMC7026584 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1905560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity from asthma is disproportionately higher among black patients than among white patients, and black patients constitute the minority of participants in trials informing treatment. Data indicate that patients with inadequately controlled asthma benefit more from addition of a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) than from increased glucocorticoids; however, these data may not be informative for treatment in black patients. METHODS We conducted two prospective, randomized, double-blind trials: one involving children and the other involving adolescents and adults. In both trials, the patients had at least one grandparent who identified as black and had asthma that was inadequately controlled with low-dose inhaled glucocorticoids. We compared combinations of therapy, which included the addition of a LABA (salmeterol) to an inhaled glucocorticoid (fluticasone propionate), a step-up to double to quintuple the dose of fluticasone, or both. The treatments were compared with the use of a composite measure that evaluated asthma exacerbations, asthma-control days, and lung function; data were stratified according to genotypic African ancestry. RESULTS When quintupling the dose of fluticasone (to 250 μg twice a day) was compared with adding salmeterol (50 μg twice a day) and doubling the fluticasone (to 100 μg twice a day), a superior response occurred in 46% of the children with quintupling the fluticasone and in 46% of the children with doubling the fluticasone and adding salmeterol (P = 0.99). In contrast, more adolescents and adults had a superior response to added salmeterol than to an increase in fluticasone (salmeterol-low-dose fluticasone vs. medium-dose fluticasone, 49% vs. 28% [P = 0.003]; salmeterol-medium-dose fluticasone vs. high-dose fluticasone, 49% vs. 31% [P = 0.02]). Neither the degree of African ancestry nor baseline biomarkers predicted a superior response to specific treatments. The increased dose of inhaled glucocorticoids was associated with a decrease in the ratio of urinary cortisol to creatinine in children younger than 8 years of age. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to black adolescents and adults, almost half the black children with poorly controlled asthma had a superior response to an increase in the dose of an inhaled glucocorticoid and almost half had a superior response to the addition of a LABA. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; BARD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01967173.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Wechsler
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Stanley J Szefler
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Victor E Ortega
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Jacqueline A Pongracic
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Vernon Chinchilli
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - John J Lima
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Susan J Kunselman
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - David Mauger
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Mindy Benson
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Kathryn V Blake
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Michael D Cabana
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Juan-Carlos Cardet
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Mario Castro
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - James F Chmiel
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Ronina Covar
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Loren Denlinger
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Emily DiMango
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Deborah Gentile
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Nicole Grossman
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Fernando Holguin
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Harsha Kumar
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Monica Kraft
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Craig F LaForce
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Jason Lang
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Stephen C Lazarus
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Dayna Long
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Njira Lugogo
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Fernando Martinez
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Wendy C Moore
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - James Moy
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Edward Naureckas
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - J Tod Olin
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Stephen P Peters
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Loretta Que
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Hengameh Raissy
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Rachel G Robison
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Kristie Ross
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - William Sheehan
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Lewis J Smith
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Julian Solway
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Christine A Sorkness
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Lisa Sullivan-Vedder
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Sally Wenzel
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Steven White
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
| | - Elliot Israel
- From National Jewish Health (M.E.W., R.C., J.T.O.), Denver, and University of Colorado School of Medicine (M.E.W., S.J.S., R.C., F.H., J.T.O.) and Children's Hospital Colorado (S.J.S.), Aurora - all in Colorado; Wake Forest School of Medicine (V.E.O., W.C.M., S.P.P.), Winston-Salem, North Carolina Clinical Research (C.F.L.), Raleigh, and Duke University Medical Center (N.L., L.Q.), Durham - all in North Carolina; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.A.P., R.G.R.), University of Illinois at Chicago (J.A.K., H.K.), Rush University Medical Center (J.M.), University of Chicago (E.N., J.S., S. White), and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (L.J.S.) - all in Chicago; Penn State University (V.C., S.J.K., D.M.), Hershey, and Allegheny General Hospital (D.G.) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (S. Wenzel), Pittsburgh - all in Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville (J.J.L., K.V.B., J.L.), and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (J.-C.C.) - both in Florida; University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson (E.R.B., M.K., F.M., D.A.M.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (L.B.B., A.B., M.C.); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco (M.B., M.D.C., S.C.L., D.L.) and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.B., D.L.) - both in California; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (J.-C.C., N.G., E.I.) and Boston Children's Hospital (W.P., W.S.) - all in Boston; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (J.F.C., K.R.); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (L.D., D.J.J., R.F.L., C.A.S.) and Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee (L.S.-V.) - both in Wisconsin; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (E.D.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M.F.); and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (H.R.)
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