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Faj D, Bassinet C, Brkić H, De Monte F, Dreuil S, Dupont L, Ferrari P, Gallagher A, Gallo L, Huet C, Knežević Ž, Kralik I, Krstić D, Maccia C, Majer M, Malchair F, O'Connor U, Pankowski P, Sans Merce M, Sage J, Simantirakis G. Management of pregnant or potentially pregnant patients undergoing diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures: Investigation of clinical routine practice. Phys Med 2023; 115:103159. [PMID: 37852021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that foetuses are highly sensitive to ionising radiation and special attention to justification and optimisation of radiological procedures involving a pregnant patient is required. A task to review, validate and compare different approaches to managing the pregnant patient and to estimating the associated foetal doses arising from a diagnostic or interventional radiology (DIR) procedure was designed in the framework of EURADOS working group 12. As a first step, a survey of radiation protection practice including dosimetry considerations among EURADOS members was performed using online questionnaire. Then, to evaluate the possible differences in the estimated foetal doses, a comparison of assessed dose values was made for three cases of pregnant patients that underwent different CT procedures. More than 120 professionals from 108 institutions and 17 countries that are involved in managing pregnant patients undergoing DIR procedures answered the questionnaire. Most of the respondents use national or hospital guidelines on the management of pregnant patients undergoing DIR procedures. However, the guidelines differ considerably among respondents. Comparison of foetal dose assessments performed by dosimetry experts showed the variety of methods used as well as large variability of estimated foetal doses in all three cases. Although European and International commission on radiation protection guidelines already exist, they are more than 20 years old and, in some aspects, they are obsolete. This paper shows that there is a need to revise and update these guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Faj
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Céline Bassinet
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hrvoje Brkić
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, Osijek, Croatia.
| | | | - Serge Dreuil
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laura Dupont
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lara Gallo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Christelle Huet
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Ivana Kralik
- Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Suska 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragana Krstić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Majer
- Ruđer Boškovć Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Una O'Connor
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering Dept, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Piotr Pankowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 149/153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Julie Sage
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - George Simantirakis
- Greek Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 60092, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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Nishiga Y, Sage J, Graves EE. Macrophage Mediated Abscopal Effects of Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e253-e254. [PMID: 37784981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiation therapy (RT) can activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and the combination of RT and immunotherapy is thought to be a promising strategy. We found that the "don't-eat-me" molecule CD47 is highly expressed on the surface of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, a highly metastatic form of lung cancer, and that blockade of CD47 can enhance the phagocytosis of SCLC cells by macrophages. In this study, we investigated whether combining CD47 blockade and RT could synergize to inhibit the tumor growth of SCLC as well as other cancers in preclinical models. MATERIALS/METHODS We evaluated efficacy and immune responses by RT and CD47 blockade in SCLC preclinical models as well as in colon cancer and lymphoma preclinical models. We engrafted cancer cells into both flanks of recipient mice and irradiated only one side of tumors with or without CD47 antibodies to investigate local and systemic effects of RT and CD47 blockade. We also used liver metastases models and endogenous lung tumor models to investigate anti-tumor effects and immune responses in their tumor microenvironments. In human patients, we investigated immune responses after RT using CIBERSORTx. RESULTS We found CD47 blockade potently enhances the local antitumor effects of RT in all the pre-clinical models of SCLC we tested. Strikingly, CD47 blockade also stimulates systemic "abscopal" effects inhibiting non-irradiated SCLC tumors in mice receiving RT. These effects are observed in liver metastases models and endogenous lung tumor models as well as subcutaneous tumor models. Surprisingly, these abscopal effects are independent of T cells but require macrophages that migrate into non-irradiated tumor sites in response to inflammatory signals produced by RT and are locally activated by CD47 blockade to phagocytose cancer cells. Similar abscopal antitumor effects were observed in other cancer models treated with RT and CD47 blockade. We also found that RT increases tumor infiltrating macrophages in human cancer patients. Interestingly, these abscopal antitumor effects are enhanced by PD-1 blockade in some models. CONCLUSION Our data clearly demonstrate macrophage-mediated abscopal responses of RT when combined with CD47 blockade in a range of cancer models. The systemic activation of antitumor macrophages following radiation and CD47 blockade may be particularly important in cancer patients who suffer from metastatic disease. RT is a part of standard-of-care and CD47-blocking strategies are in clinical trials, therefore our observations may be rapidly translatable to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishiga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - J Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - E E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Faj MD, Bassinet C, Brkić H, De Monte F, Dreuil S, Ferrari P, Gallagher MA, Gallo L, Huet C, Knežević Ž, Kralik I, Krstić D, Maccia C, Majer M, Malchair F, Sage J, Merce MS, Simantirakis G, O’Connor U, Dupont L. FOETAL DOSIMETRY IN PREGNANT PATIENTS UNDERGOING DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY PROCEDURES: INVESTIGATION OF CLINICAL ROUTINE PRACTICE. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)02197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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4
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Sage J, Renault J, Domain R, Bojarski K, Chazeirat T, Saidi A, Leblanc E, Nizard C, Samsonov S, Kurfurst R, Lalmanach G, Lecaille F. Modulation of the expression and activity of cathepsin S in reconstructed human skin by neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sage J, Looney P, Chuter R, Price G, Boukerroui D, Balfour D, Whitehurst P, Gooding M. PO-1676 Validating CBCT to CT registration QC using an AI generated dataset. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Balfour D, Looney P, Turtle L, Fenwick J, Boukerroui D, Sage J. PO-1661 Investigation into the impact of AI-enhanced CBCTs on CBCT-CT deformable image registration. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Qu F, Pasca A, Kong C, Winslow M, Sage J. B23 Unraveling the Mechanisms of Small-Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis. J Thorac Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Entis P, Bryant D, Bryant J, Bryant RG, Inami G, Cholensky JS, Garcia GR, Ramsey SM, Courtney T, Pruett WP, Dagdag EB, Davis-DeBella PE, San D, Humes LM, Lau D, Watson J, Erickson J, Hayes M, Ingham S, Sage J, Jirele K, Zuroski K, Kelley G, Lerner I, Patel DR, Peery DA, Simpso S, Zachary C. Direct 24-Hour Presumptive Enumeration of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Foods Using Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filter Followed by Serological Confirmation: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/81.2.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
abstract
Fifteen laboratories took part in a collaborative study to validate a method for enumerating Escherichia coli 0157:H7. The method is based on use of a hydrophobic grid membrane filter and consists of 24 h presumptive enumeration on SD-39 Agar and serological confirmation to yield a confirmed E. coli 0157:H7 count. Six food products were analyzed: pasteurized apple cider, pasteurized 2% milk, cottage cheese, cooked ground pork, raw ground beef, and frozen whole egg. The test method produced significantly higher confirmed count results than did the reference method for milk, pork, and beef. Test method results were numerically higher than but statistically equivalent to reference method results for cheese, cider, and egg. The test method produced lower repeatability and reproducibility values than did the reference method for most food/inoculation level combinations and values very similar to those of the reference method for the remaining combinations. Overall, 94% of presumptive positive isolates from the test method were confirmed serologically as E. coli 0157:H7, and 98% of these were also biochemically typical of E. coli 0157:H7 (completed test). Corresponding rates for the reference method were 69 and 98%, respectively. On the basis of the results of this collaborative study and the precollaborative study that preceded it, it is recommended that this method be adopted official first action for enumeration of E. coli 0157:H7 in meats, poultry, dairy foods, infant formula, liquid eggs, mayonnaise, and apple cider
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Entis
- QA Life Sciences, Inc., 6645 Nancy Ridge Dr, San Diego, CA 92121
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Voyeau-Gautier M, Villani N, Guillerminet C, Michel C, Sage J. 52 SFPM working group on DBT internal quality control. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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10
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Sage J. MTE11.01 Novel Therapeutic Targets in SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Sunshine JC, Jahchan NS, Sage J, Choi J. Are there multiple cells of origin of Merkel cell carcinoma? Oncogene 2018; 37:1409-1416. [PMID: 29321666 PMCID: PMC5854515 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but lethal cancer with the highest case-by-case fatality rate among all skin cancers. 80% of cancers are associated with the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). 20% of MCCs are virus negative. Recent epidemiological data suggest that there are important, clinically relevant differences between these two subtypes of MCC. Recent studies in cancer genomics, mouse genetics, and virology experiments have transformed our understanding of MCC pathophysiology. Importantly, dramatic differences in the genetics of these two MCC subtypes suggest fundamental differences in their pathophysiology. We review these recent works and find that they provocatively suggest that MCPyV-positive and MCPyV-negative MCCs arise from two different cells of origin: the MCPyV-negative MCC from epidermal keratinocytes and the MCPyV-positive MCC from dermal fibroblasts. If true, this would represent the first cancer that we are aware of that evolves from cells of origin from two distinct germ layers: MCPyV-negative MCCs from ectodermal keratinocytes and MCPyV-positive MCCs from mesodermal fibroblasts. Future epigenetic experiments may prove valuable in confirming these distinct lineages for these MCC subtypes, especially for the clinical importance the cell of origin has on MCC treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sunshine
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N S Jahchan
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Sage
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Sage J. MTE 10.02 Bridging the Gap between Genomics and Clinics. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Szczepny A, Rogers S, Jayasekara WSN, Park K, McCloy RA, Cochrane CR, Ganju V, Cooper WA, Sage J, Peacock CD, Cain JE, Burgess A, Watkins DN. The role of canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signaling in tumor progression in a mouse model of small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:5544-5550. [PMID: 28581526 PMCID: PMC5623150 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates cell fate and self-renewal in development and cancer. Canonical Hh signaling is mediated by Hh ligand binding to the receptor Patched (Ptch), which in turn activates Gli-mediated transcription through Smoothened (Smo), the molecular target of the Hh pathway inhibitors used as cancer therapeutics. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a common, aggressive malignancy with universally poor prognosis. Although preclinical studies have shown that Hh inhibitors block the self-renewal capacity of SCLC cells, the lack of activating pathway mutations have cast doubt over the significance of these observations. In particular, the existence of autocrine, ligand-dependent Hh signaling in SCLC has been disputed. In a conditional Tp53;Rb1 mutant mouse model of SCLC, we now demonstrate a requirement for the Hh ligand Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) for the progression of SCLC. Conversely, we show that conditional Shh overexpression activates canonical Hh signaling in SCLC cells, and markedly accelerates tumor progression. When compared to mouse SCLC tumors expressing an activating, ligand-independent Smo mutant, tumors overexpressing Shh exhibited marked chromosomal instability and Smoothened-independent upregulation of Cyclin B1, a putative non-canonical arm of the Hh pathway. In turn, we show that overexpression of Cyclin B1 induces chromosomal instability in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking both Tp53 and Rb1. These results provide strong support for an autocrine, ligand-dependent model of Hh signaling in SCLC pathogenesis, and reveal a novel role for non-canonical Hh signaling through the induction of chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szczepny
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - S Rogers
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - W S N Jayasekara
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - K Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R A McCloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - C R Cochrane
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - V Ganju
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - W A Cooper
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - J Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C D Peacock
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D N Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Fezzani K, Sage J, Fitton I, Hadid L, Moussier A, Pierrat N, Martineau A, Etard C. P6. Digital breast tomosynthesis: Dose and image quality assessment. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Fezzani K, Sage J, Fitton I, Hadid L, Moussier A, Pierrat N, Martineau A, Etard C. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Dose and image quality characterization. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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De Marzi L, Lesven C, Ferrand R, Sage J, Boulé T, Mazal A. Calibration of CT Hounsfield units for proton therapy treatment planning: use of kilovoltage and megavoltage images and comparison of parameterized methods. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:4255-76. [PMID: 23719506 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/12/4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proton beam range is of major concern, in particular, when images used for dose computations are artifacted (for example in patients with surgically treated bone tumors). We investigated several conditions and methods for determination of computed tomography Hounsfield unit (CT-HU) calibration curves, using two different conversion schemes. A stoichiometric methodology was used on either kilovoltage (kV) or megavoltage (MV) CT images and the accuracy of the calibration methods was evaluated. We then studied the effects of metal artifacts on proton dose distributions using metallic implants in rigid phantom mimicking clinical conditions. MV-CT images were used to evaluate relative proton stopping power in certain high density implants, and a methodology is proposed for accurate delineation and dose calculation, using a combined set of kV- and MV-CT images. Our results show good agreement between measurements and dose calculations or relative proton stopping power determination (<5%). The results also show that range uncertainty increases when only kV-CT images are used or when no correction is made on artifacted images. However, differences between treatment plans calculated on corrected kV-CT data and MV-CT data remained insignificant in the investigated patient case, even with streak artifacts and volume effects that reduce the accuracy of manual corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Marzi
- Institut Curie-Centre de protonthérapie d'Orsay, France.
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17
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Sage J, Cuzin F. Souris transgéniques et lignées cellulaires : outils pour une approche moléculaire de la différenciation germinale. Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Kim Y, Khatri P, Park K, Dudley J, Sage J, Butte A. Identification of serum protein biomarkers for small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Ho VM, Schaffer BE, Karnezis AN, Park KS, Sage J. The retinoblastoma gene Rb and its family member p130 suppress lung adenocarcinoma induced by oncogenic K-Ras. Oncogene 2009; 28:1393-9. [PMID: 19151761 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene RB are frequently observed in human cancers, but rarely in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). Emerging evidence also suggests that the RB-related gene p130 is inactivated in a subset of human NSCLCs. To directly test the specific tumor suppressor roles of RB and p130 in NSCLC, we crossed Rb and p130 conditional mutant mice to mice carrying a conditional oncogenic K-Ras allele. In this model, controlled oncogenic K-Ras activation leads to the development of adenocarcinoma, a major subtype of NSCLC. We found that loss of p130 accelerated the death of mice, providing direct evidence in vivo that p130 is a tumor suppressor gene, albeit a weak one in this context. Loss of Rb increased the efficiency of lung cancer initiation and resulted in the development of high-grade adenocarcinomas and rapid death. Thus, despite the low frequency of RB mutations in human NSCLCs and reports that K-Ras activation and loss of RB function are rarely found in the same human tumors, loss of Rb clearly cooperates with activation of oncogenic K-Ras in lung adenocarcinoma development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Ho
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305-5149, USA
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DeMille D, Sainis S, Sage J, Bergeman T, Kotochigova S, Tiesinga E. Enhanced Sensitivity to Variation of m(e)/m(p) in molecular spectra. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:043202. [PMID: 18352268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose new experiments with high sensitivity to a possible variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio mu identical with m(e)/m(p). We consider a nearly degenerate pair of molecular vibrational levels, each associated with a different electronic potential. With respect to a change in mu, the change in the splitting between such levels can be large both on an absolute scale and relative to the splitting. We demonstrate the existence of such pairs of states in Cs2, where the narrow spectral lines achievable with ultracold molecules make the system promising for future searches for small variations in mu.
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Affiliation(s)
- D DeMille
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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21
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Shohamy D, Myers CE, Grossman S, Sage J, Gluck MA, Poldrack RA. Cortico-striatal contributions to feedback-based learning: converging data from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Brain 2004; 127:851-9. [PMID: 15013954 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum has been widely implicated in cognition, but a precise understanding of its role remains elusive. Here we present converging evidence for the role of the striatum in feedback-based learning. In a prior functional imaging study, healthy controls showed striatal activity during a feedback-based learning task, which was decreased when the same task was learned without feedback. In the present study, we show that individuals with striatal dysfunction due to Parkinson's disease are impaired on the feedback-based task, but not on a non-feedback version of the same task. Parkinson's patients and controls also used different learning strategies depending on feedback structure. This study provides direct behavioural evidence from humans that cortico-striatal systems are necessary for feedback-based learning on a cognitive task. These findings also link between learning impairments in Parkinson's disease and the physiological and computational evidence for the role of midbrain dopaminergic systems in feedback processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shohamy
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined rates of interest in creating psychiatric advance directives among individuals at risk of psychiatric crises in which these directives might be used and variables associated with interest in the directives. METHODS The participants were 303 adults with serious and persistent mental illnesses who were receiving community mental health services and who had experienced at least two psychiatric crises in the previous two years. Case managers introduced the concepts of the directives and assessed participants' interest. The associations between interest in the directives and demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, level of functioning, diagnosis, history of hospitalizations, history of outpatient commitment orders, support for the directives by case managers, and site differences were examined. RESULTS Interest in creating a directive was expressed by 161 participants (53 percent). Variables significantly associated with interest were support for the directives by a participant's case manager and having no outpatient commitment orders in the previous two years. Reasons for interest included using the directives in anticipation of additional crises and as a vehicle to help ensure provision of preferred treatment. CONCLUSIONS Substantial interest in psychiatric advance directives was shown among individuals with serious and persistent mental illness. The results strongly suggested that attitudes of clinicians about psychiatric advance directives are associated with interest in the directives among these individuals. Therefore, it is important to educate clinicians and address their concerns about the directives so that they can more comfortably support creating the documents. A shift in values may also be necessary to more consistently recognize and honor patients' treatment preferences as specified in the directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra S Srebnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavorial Sciences, University of Washington in Seattle, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359911, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington, 98104, USA.
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MacPherson D, Sage J, Crowley D, Trumpp A, Bronson RT, Jacks T. Conditional mutation of Rb causes cell cycle defects without apoptosis in the central nervous system. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:1044-53. [PMID: 12529408 PMCID: PMC140709 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.3.1044-1053.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the retinoblastoma gene in mice leads to embryonic lethality in midgestation accompanied by defective erythropoiesis. Rb(-/-) embryos also exhibit inappropriate cell cycle activity and apoptosis in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and ocular lens. Loss of p53 can prevent the apoptosis in the CNS and lens; however, the specific signals leading to p53 activation have not been determined. Here we test the hypothesis that hypoxia caused by defective erythropoiesis in Rb-null embryos contributes to p53-dependent apoptosis. We show evidence of hypoxia in CNS tissue from Rb(-/-) embryos. The Cre-loxP system was then used to generate embryos in which Rb was deleted in the CNS, PNS and lens, in the presence of normal erythropoiesis. In contrast to the massive CNS apoptosis in Rb-null embryos at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), conditional mutants did not have elevated apoptosis in this tissue. There was still significant apoptosis in the PNS and lens, however. Rb(-/-) cells in the CNS, PNS, and lens underwent inappropriate S-phase entry in the conditional mutants at E13.5. By E18.5, conditional mutants had increased brain size and weight as well as defects in skeletal muscle development. These data support a model in which hypoxia is a necessary cofactor in the death of CNS neurons in the developing Rb mutant embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D MacPherson
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Adamovich SV, Berkinblit MB, Hening W, Sage J, Poizner H. The interaction of visual and proprioceptive inputs in pointing to actual and remembered targets in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2001; 104:1027-41. [PMID: 11457588 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Parkinson's disease patients could point with their eyes closed as accurately as normal subjects to targets in three-dimensional space that were initially presented with full vision. We have now further restricted visual information in order to more closely examine the individual and combined influences of visual information, proprioceptive feedback, and spatial working memory on the accuracy of Parkinson's disease patients. All trials were performed in the dark. A robot arm presented a target illuminated by a light-emitting diode at one of five randomly selected points composing a pyramidal array. Subjects attempted to "touch" the target location with their right finger in one smooth movement in three conditions: dark, no illumination of arm or target during movement; movement was to the remembered target location after the robot arm retracted; finger, a light-emitting diode on the pointing fingertip was visible during the movement but the target was extinguished; again, movement was to the remembered target location; and target, the target light-emitting diode remained in place and visible throughout the trial but there was no vision of the arm. In the finger condition, there is no need to use visual-proprioceptive integration, since the continuously visualized fingertip position can be compared to the remembered location of the visual target. In the target condition, the subject must integrate the current visible target with arm proprioception, while in the dark condition, the subject must integrate current proprioception from the arm with the remembered visual target. Parkinson's disease patients were significantly less accurate than controls in both the dark and target conditions, but as accurate as controls in the finger condition. Parkinson's disease patients, therefore, were selectively impaired in those conditions (target and dark) which required integration of visual and proprioceptive information in order to achieve accurate movements. In contrast, the patients' normal accuracy in the finger condition indicates that they had no substantial deficits in their relevant spatial working memory. Final arm configurations were significantly different in the two subject groups in all three conditions, even in the finger condition where mean movement endpoints were not significantly different. Variability of the movement endpoints was uniformly increased in Parkinson's disease patients across all three conditions. The current study supports an important role for the basal ganglia in the integration of proprioceptive signals with concurrent or remembered visual information that is needed to guide movements. This role can explain much of the patients' dependence on visual information for accuracy in targeted movements. It also underlines what may be an essential contribution of the basal ganglia to movement, the integration of afferent information that is initially processed through multiple, discrete modality-specific pathways, but which must be combined into a unified and continuously updated spatial model for effective, accurate movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Adamovich
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave., Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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25
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Sage J. [The RB gene family and control of the cell cycle]. Bull Cancer 2001; 88:541-3. [PMID: 11459699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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26
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Giraud JY, Sage J, Taisant D, Dusserre A, Bolla M, Coulomb M, Kolodié H, Barthelemy R, Aumont B, Ferretti G. [Absorbed dose during helical acquisition CT. Effect of acquisition parameters]. J Radiol 2001; 82:45-50. [PMID: 11223628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE European directive 97/43 specifies that the dose delivered to the patient during a radiological procedure should be estimated. In order to prepare for implementation of this new regulation, we have studied the dose delivered during spiral CT acquisition. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have studied the influence of slice thickness, pitch, tube voltage and intensity, and acquisition volume length. We present measurements for single and dual detector CT scanners. We used a pencil ionization chamber to measure air kerma. We measured absorbed dose in water with a waterproof ionization chamber set in a semi-customized phantom filled with water. Chambers were set on the rotation axis of the CT scanners. We studied the dose outside the acquisition volume. RESULTS We quantified the influence of each parameter on the absorbed dose. We used our measurements to calculate the dose for different acquisition protocols. Also we evaluated the dose to organs distant from the acquisition area. CONCLUSION This study is one step toward a systematic estimation of the dose delivered to patient during helical CT exams. To use these results in daily practice, we have to develop software using our measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Giraud
- Service de Cancérologie-Radiothérapie, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex.
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27
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Sage J, Mulligan GJ, Attardi LD, Miller A, Chen S, Williams B, Theodorou E, Jacks T. Targeted disruption of the three Rb-related genes leads to loss of G(1) control and immortalization. Genes Dev 2000; 14:3037-50. [PMID: 11114892 PMCID: PMC317090 DOI: 10.1101/gad.843200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2000] [Accepted: 10/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein, pRB, and the closely related proteins p107 and p130 are important regulators of the mammalian cell cycle. Biochemical and genetic studies have demonstrated overlapping as well as distinct functions for the three proteins in cell cycle control and mouse development. However, the role of the pRB family as a whole in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell death, or cell differentiation is not known. We generated embryonic stem (ES) cells and other cell types mutant for all three genes. Triple knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (TKO MEFs) had a shorter cell cycle than wild-type, single, or double knock-out control cells. TKO cells were resistant to G(1) arrest following DNA damage, despite retaining functional p53 activity. They were also insensitive to G(1) arrest signals following contact inhibition or serum starvation. Finally, TKO MEFs did not undergo senescence in culture and do possess some characteristics of transformed cells. Our results confirm the essential role of the Rb family in the control of the G(1)/S transition, place the three Rb family members downstream of multiple cell cycle control pathways, and further the link between loss of cell cycle control and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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28
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Abstract
To analyze NF-kappa B activity in the testis, we used murine transgenic lines carrying a LacZ reporter gene under the control of a NF-kappa B-responsive promoter (Schmidt-Ullrich et al. [1996] Dev 122:2117-2128). We constructed three independent lines containing the promoter of the gene encoding p105, the precursor of the p50 subunit. This promoter contains three NF-kappa B-binding sites in its proximal part. Our results show that in adult mice, the beta-galactosidase activity which reflects nuclear NF-kappa B activity, is first detected in spermatocytes at the pachytene stage and remains activated in the following steps of germ cell differentiation and maturation. Using transgenic mice carrying a p105nlslacZ construct with the 3 NF-kappa B sites mutated in the p105 promoter, we found a significant reduction in the transgene activity, confirming the important role of NF-kappa B in the activation of the transgene. To confirm the stage of induction during spermatogenesis, we analysed the beta-galactosidase activity in the testes from prepuberal mice in which cells synchrouneously enter meiosis. We detected the transgene activity at 18 days after birth, corresponding to the pachytene stage in spermatocytes. In nuclear extracts prepared from prepuberal mice, we found a peak of NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity made of p50 and p65 subunits at day 18 after birth, which remains high in the later stages. Further analysis showed that I kappa B alpha and beta, but not epsilon are expressed in the testes. Altogether, these data suggest that NF-kappa B factors are stage specifically controlled and may play a role during the development of sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lilienbaum
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Expression Génique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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29
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Wang Y, Hayward SW, Donjacour AA, Young P, Jacks T, Sage J, Dahiya R, Cardiff RD, Day ML, Cunha GR. Sex hormone-induced carcinogenesis in Rb-deficient prostate tissue. Cancer Res 2000; 60:6008-17. [PMID: 11085521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product is a prototypic tumor suppressor. Mice lacking the Rb gene are not viable and die in utero at approximately 13 days of gestation. In this study, we have rescued Rb-/- prostates by grafting pelvic organ rudiments from Rb-/- mouse embryos under the renal capsule of adult male nude mouse hosts. Grafts of embryonic pelvic organs developed into functional prostatic tissue. Some of the prostatic tissue generated was further used to construct chimeric prostatic tissue recombinants by combining wild-type rat urogenital mesenchyme (rUGM) with Rb-/- and Rb+/+ prostatic epithelium (PRE). The tissue recombinants were grown as subcapsular renal grafts and treated from the time of grafting with Silastic capsules containing 25 mg of testosterone plus 2.5 mg of estradiol. During 5-8 weeks of hormone treatment, rUGM+Rb+/+PRE tissue recombinants developed prostatic hyperplasia, whereas PRE in rUGM+Rb-/-PRE tissue recombinants developed hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, and carcinoma. During carcinogenesis in rUGM+Rb-/-PRE tissue recombinants, prostatic epithelial cells of the basal lineage disappeared, whereas the luminal cells underwent carcinogenesis. Epithelial E-cadherin almost totally disappeared. In all cases, epithelial PCNA labeling was elevated in tissue recombinants containing Rb-/- versus Rb+/+ epithelium. These epithelial changes were associated with almost total loss of smooth muscle cells in the stroma. In contrast, in untreated hosts rUGM+Rb+/+PRE tissue recombinants developed normally, and rUGM+Rb-/-PRE tissue recombinants developed mild epithelial hyperplasia. The results of this study demonstrate that Rb-/- prostatic tissue can be rescued from embryonic lethal mice and used to test its susceptibility to hormonal carcinogenesis. Deletion of the Rb gene predisposes prostatic epithelium to hyperplasia and increases proliferative activity Susceptibility to hormonal carcinogenesis in response to exogenous testosterone + estradiol is manifested in the progression from atypica hyperplasia to carcinoma. Thus, these findings demonstrate that the absence of the Rb tumor suppressor gene may predispose prostatic epithelial cells to carcinogenesis. Rescue of organs from Rb-/- embryos not only provides an opportunity to analyze the Rb gene pathway in the development and progression of prostate cancer but also provides an opportunity for specifically evaluating the role of the Rb pathway in development and carcinogenesis in other organs, such as the mammary gland and colon. Because rUGM greatly stimulates prostatic epithelial proliferation, the tissue recombinant model is a particularly useful tool for assessing the functional role of other genes in prostatic carcinogenesis through use of the appropriate transgenic or gene knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0452, USA
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30
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Zhang Y, Griffith EC, Sage J, Jacks T, Liu JO. Cell cycle inhibition by the anti-angiogenic agent TNP-470 is mediated by p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:6427-32. [PMID: 10841547 PMCID: PMC18619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.12.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been demonstrated to be essential for tumor growth and metastasis, and inhibition of angiogenesis is emerging as a promising strategy for treating cancer. Among the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis is the fumagillin family of natural products. An analog of fumagillin, known as TNP-470 or AGM-1470, has been undergoing clinical trials for treating a variety of cancers. TNP-470 has been shown to block endothelial cell cycle progression in the late G(1) phase. Although the direct molecular target for TNP-470 has been identified as the type 2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2), how inhibition of this enzyme leads to cell cycle arrest has remained unclear. We report that treatment of endothelial and other drug-sensitive cell types leads to the activation of the p53 pathway, causing an accumulation of the G(1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). The requirement of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) for the cell cycle inhibition by TNP-470 is underscored by the observation that cells deficient in p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) are resistant to TNP-470. These results shed significant light on the mechanism of cell cycle inhibition by TNP-470 and suggest an alternative method of activating p53 in endothelial cells to halt angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research, and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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31
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the usefulness of a three dimensional (3D) motion analysis system for the quantitative measurement of tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Six PD patients with hand tremors were studied using a system that employed 3D electromagnetic position sensors to measure the actual, cumulative displacement of the tremoring finger. Patients were studied in different hand positions and activating conditions before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after intake of Pramipexole, a dopamine agonist known to reduce tremor. Tremor amplitude and frequency, before and after drug intake, were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank test, respectively. RESULTS The motion analysis system allowed discrimination of tremor related events from movement artifact and allowed the calculation of real world movement of the finger tremor despite altered hand positions and orientation. Average 3D tremor frequency ranged from 3.71 to 4.34 Hz. Median tremor amplitude (total distance traveled per 5 s interval) decreased with drug from 4.9 to 1.6 cm for resting tremor, 4.5 to 3.7 cm for postural tremor, 3.4 to 3.3 cm for precision tremor, 10.2 to 3.3 cm for tapping activation and 108.6 to 5.7 cm for counting activation. CONCLUSIONS Our method of 3D analysis provides a robust, single quantitative measure of tremor amplitude that is intuitive and likely to reflect the functional impact of tremor. This methodology should be useful in comparing tremor across patients and in measuring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajaraman
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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32
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Dickson DW, Liu W, Hardy J, Farrer M, Mehta N, Uitti R, Mark M, Zimmerman T, Golbe L, Sage J, Sima A, D'Amato C, Albin R, Gilman S, Yen SH. Widespread alterations of alpha-synuclein in multiple system atrophy. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:1241-51. [PMID: 10514406 PMCID: PMC1867032 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) are the hallmark of multiple system atrophy (MSA), a rare movement disorder frequently associated with autonomic dysfunction. In this study of 21 cases of MSA, GCI were consistently immunoreactive for alpha-synuclein and double-immunostained for ubiquitin and oligodendroglial markers, but not glial fibrillary acidic protein. No statistically significant difference was found in the density of GCI in various brain regions in the two forms of MSA, striatonigral degeneration (SND) and olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). Postmortem brain samples from 9 cases of MSA were fractionated according to solubility in buffer, Triton-X 100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and formic acid, and alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity was measured in Western blots. Total alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity was increased in MSA compared to controls, with no statistically significant difference between SND and OPCA. Most of the increase was due to alpha-synuclein in SDS fractions. In controls this fraction had little or no immunoreactivity. In 7 cases and 4 controls correlations were investigated between quantitative neuropathology and biochemical properties of alpha-synuclein. Surprisingly, the amount of SDS-soluble alpha-synuclein correlated poorly with the number of GCI in adjacent sections. Furthermore, areas with few or no GCI unexpectedly had abundant SDS-soluble alpha-synuclein. These findings provide evidence that modifications of alpha-synuclein in MSA may be more widespread than obvious histopathology. Moreover, these alterations may constitute a biochemical signature for the synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Dickson
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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33
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Abstract
The mouse heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) cDNA was previously cloned by homology to HSF1, the heat shock factor involved in the cellular response to stress [Sarge, K.D., Zimarino, V., Holm, K., Wu, C., Morimoto, R.I., Cloning and characterization of two mouse heat shock factors with distinct inducible and constitutive DNA-binding ability. Genes Dev. 5 (1991) 1902-1911]. HSF2 is active in restricted cell types during pre- and post-implantation stages of development, and only in male germ cells of adult mice. However, the function of this factor remains elusive. We report here the cloning of the mouse Hsf2 gene and its genomic structure. We show that the gene is composed of 13 exons of variable sizes spanning at least 43kb in the genome. The transcription start site has been determined, and upstream sequences with promoter activity have been identified by their ability to direct the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in transfected cells. A preliminary analysis of the proximal promoter sequence determined that the TATA box is absent, but that a GC-rich region with several potential binding sites for transcription factors is present. The gene has been mapped to mouse chromosome 10 by in-situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manuel
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, ENS, 75230, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Sage J, Martin L, Meuwissen R, Heyting C, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Temporal and spatial control of the Sycp1 gene transcription in the mouse meiosis: regulatory elements active in the male are not sufficient for expression in the female gonad. Mech Dev 1999; 80:29-39. [PMID: 10096061 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcription controls active at the initial stages of meiosis are clearly key elements in the regulation of germinal differentiation. Transcription of the Sycp1 gene (synaptonemal complex protein 1) starts as early as the leptotene and zygotene stages. Constructs with Sycp1 5' upstream sequences directed the expression of reporter genes to pachytene spermatocytes in transgenic mice. A short fragment encompassing the transcription start (n.t. -54 to +102) was sufficient for stage-specific expression in the adult male and for temporal regulation during development. Upstream enhancer element(s) quantitatively regulating expression were localized in the region between -54 and -260. The gene is normally expressed both in the male and female gonads, but none of the promoter sequences active in the testis allowed the expression of reporter genes during meiosis in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Unité INSERM 470, University of Nice, France
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35
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Vincent S, Segretain D, Nishikawa S, Nishikawa SI, Sage J, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Stage-specific expression of the Kit receptor and its ligand (KL) during male gametogenesis in the mouse: a Kit-KL interaction critical for meiosis. Development 1998; 125:4585-93. [PMID: 9778516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.22.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Kit receptor and its ligand KL, which together constitute an essential effector at various stages of embryonic development, are both present during adult gametogenesis. In the testis, KL is expressed in Sertoli cells, and Kit in germ cells, starting at the premeiotic stages. A series of observations indicated previously a role in spermatogonia survival, without excluding a possible function at later stages. We identified a complex pattern of expression of the two components in the adult murine testis, suggestive of a role in the meiotic progression of spermatocytes. At stages VII-VIII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, the time when spermatocytes enter meiosis, the membrane-associated form of KL extends on the Sertoli cell from the peripheral to the adluminal compartment of the tubule. We also found that the receptor is present on the surface of germ cells up to the pachytene stage. The availability of differentiated Sertoli cell lines, which express the KL protein and support part of the maturation of germ cells in coculture, allowed us to ask whether, in the in vitro reconstructed system, transit of spermatocytes through meiosis requires the Kit-KL interaction. Addition of a blocking monoclonal antibody against the Kit receptor (ACK2) inhibited extensively the appearance of haploid cells and the expression of a haploid-phase-specific gene (Prm1). Recognition of the supporting Sertoli cell by germ cells was not affected, indicating a requirement for the activity of the receptor for either entering or completing meiosis. Involvement of the membrane-associated form of the ligand was suggested by the observation that addition of the soluble form of KL was equally inhibitory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vincent
- Unité 470 de l'INSERM, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice, France
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36
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Abstract
Transgenic mice were generated expressing a testicular Cre recombinase driven by promoter sequences derived from the gene encoding Synaptonemal Complex Protein 1 (Sycp1), expressed at an early stage of the male meiosis (leptotene to zygotene). Recombination at target LoxP sites was examined during germinal differentiation in mice harboring Sycp1-Cre and a second transgene where LoxP sites flank either the beta geo coding region, the Pgk1 promoter, or a tk-neo cassette inserted into the Rxr alpha locus. The LoxP-flanked transgenes were stably maintained in the somatic tissues of the double transgenic animals, as well as in the progeny of the females. Mice born after mating the double-transgenic males with normal females showed extensive deletions of the LoxP-flanked sequences. When the males were hemizygous for the Sycp1-Cre transgene, the deletions were observed even in the fraction of the offspring which had not inherited the Cre gene, thus demonstrating that expression occurred in the male parent during spermatogenesis. The high efficiency of excision at the LoxP sites makes the Sycp1-Cre transgenic males suitable for evaluating the role of defined gene functions in the germinal differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vidal
- Unité 470 de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Nice, France
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37
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Abstract
We recently described a complex genetic structure on mouse chromosome 8, a region of the murine genome in which genetic rearrangements frequently occur. A large repeated element specific to this chromosome was found to overlap with one of the cadherin genes (Cad11). An additional degree of complexity became apparent with the identification, in a subset of laboratory strains of mice, of a retrogene integrated into one of the repeated units. Designated Sycp1-ps2, it originated from the early meiotic gene encoding Synaptonemal Complex Protein 1. We now report that, among wild Mus species in which the retrogene is not present, this region of Chr 8 shows a high degree of variability. Sequence analysis showed that integration of Sycp1-ps2 created a 5' transcription initiator element. Transcription of the pseudogene in the testis was directly demonstrated. A germ cell-specific enhancer activity was localized within a 1117 bp region of the repeat, which was sufficient to direct the expression of reporter genes in transgenic mice to late meiotic and post-meiotic spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Unité 470 de l'INSERM, Université de Nice, France
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morange
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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39
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Abstract
A simple device is described that monitors respiration by sounding an alarm if respiration ceases. It is light and portable and performs well, even in a 60 dB noise environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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40
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Sage J, Yuan L, Martin L, Mattei MG, Guénet JL, Liu JG, Hoög C, Rassoulzadegan M, Cuzin F. The Sycp1 loci of the mouse genome: successive retropositions of a meiotic gene during the recent evolution of the genus. Genomics 1997; 44:118-26. [PMID: 9286707 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The murine Sycp1 gene is expressed at the early stages of meiosis. We show that it is composed of a number of small exons and localized on mouse chromosome 3. In the laboratory strains, two retrogenes were also identified. The first one (Sycp1-ps1), on chromosome 7, has accumulated point mutations and deletions and is not transcribed. A second retrogene (Sycp1-ps2), on chromosome 8, is inserted within the continuity of a moderately repeated element, in an intron of another gene (Cad11). The two retroposition events can be dated to distinct periods in the evolution of the Muridae. Sycp1-ps2 has kept features indicative of a relatively recent origin, namely a nearly intact coding region, a poly(A) tail, and 14-bp terminal repeats. Its recent origin was confirmed by the fact that it is found in all the laboratory strains of mice, but neither in a recent isolate from Mus musculus domesticus wild stocks nor in the closely related subspecies M. musculus musculus, M. m. molossinus, M. m. castaneus, and M. m. bactrianus. Appearance of the more ancient Sycp1-ps1 retrogene is concomitant with the radiation of the genus. It is present in various Mus species (M. spretus, M. spicilegus, M. macedonicus, and M. cookii), but neither in the rat nor in the more closely related Pyromis genus. Transposition of retrotranscripts during meiosis and their hereditary establishment thus appear to occur relatively frequently. They may, therefore, play a significant role in the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Unité 470, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Nice, France
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41
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Grandjean V, Sage J, Ranc F, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Stage-specific signals in germ line differentiation: control of Sertoli cell phagocytic activity by spermatogenic cells. Dev Biol 1997; 184:165-74. [PMID: 9142992 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of male germ cells requires a continuous cross-talk with their somatic support, the Sertoli cell. An in vitro model of Sertoli cells was recently provided by established cell lines which maintain Sertoli-specific characteristics, among which is a regulated phagocytic capacity. In vivo, Sertoli cells take up the residual cytoplasm expelled from the maturing sperm, a process restricted to a limited period of germinal maturation, and they also eliminate abnormally differentiated germ cells in case of hormonal deficiency. Cells of the Sertoli line efficiently take up latex beads, as well as dead cells in the cultures. A semiquantitative assay of phagocytosis was developed, based on the uptake of fluorescent latex beads. 15P-1 cultures were found to contain a minor fraction of active phagocytes. After addition of a defined fraction of germ cells, however, all the cells internalized beads as efficiently as macrophages. The inducing cell was identified as the pachytene spermatocyte, a cell type which, in vivo, is associated with Sertoli cells when they express their phagocytic potential. These inducing meiotic cells were not internalized themselves. Rather, they interacted with Sertoli cells via a surface signal that was resistant to formaldehyde fixation. The whole induction process does not involve changes in Sertoli gene expression, since it occurs even in the presence of high doses of cycloheximide. After the required initial contact, further maintenance of the activity was dependent on factor(s) secreted in the medium of the activated culture. Phagocytosis was, on the other hand, abrogated in the presence of factor(s) secreted by a distinct fraction of germ cells, enriched in the late stages (second division) of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grandjean
- Unité 470/273 de l'INSERM, Université de Nice, France
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42
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Abstract
Self-image arises from a complex interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This article explores the importance of people with a learning disability attaining a positive self-image. It discusses the effect of society's perception of people with learning disabilities, and questions the willingness of the community to accept such people in a non-judgmental way. It argues that staff caring for this client group have a vital role to play in how people with learning disabilities are perceived by others and discusses the effects that a market philosophy (Fromm, 1978) and the popular media have on society regarding people with learning disabilities. Self-worth is important to everyone; however, the article concludes that a person with a learning disability is seriously disadvantaged in this respect. This aspect of care therefore requires insight, support and skills on the part of those healthcare professionals caring for this client group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Markwick
- Faculty of Health, University of Greenwich, London
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43
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Aperlo C, Boulukos KE, Sage J, Cuzin F, Pognonec P. Complete sequencing of the murine USF gene and comparison of its genomic organization to that of mFIP/USF2. Genomics 1996; 37:337-44. [PMID: 8938446 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
USF is a transcription factor able to stimulate promoter activity upon binding to an upstream sequence identical to that recognized by the protooncogene Myc. However, despite extensive biochemical characterization, nothing is known concerning its physiological function. A USF-related protein able to interact with Fos and known as FIP/USF2 has been reported. Its genomic structure in mouse has been recently characterized. We present here the cloning and characterization of the murine USF gene. It consists of 10 exons, the first of which is noncoding, and the gene spans 8 kb of DNA. We show that the murine USF protein is almost identical to its human counterpart, but that an intron not conserved between human and murine USF genes curiously has been conserved between human USF and murine FIP/USF2. Otherwise, the splicing pattern of murine USF and FIP/USF2 is exactly conserved. We also demonstrate that the murine USF promoter is located more than 2.5 kb upstream of the first coding ATG, in a region displaying divergent promoter activity. Finally, we show that an Mx1-related sequence is present less than 3 kb downstream of the murine USF gene, in a tail-to-tail position. Taken together, these data indicate that the murine USF gene is very similar to the murine FIP/USF2 gene and is potentially bracketed by two other transcription units on the other DNA strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aperlo
- INSERM U 273, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Université de Nice, France
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44
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Abstract
A circular array of 16 electrodes has been constructed for use as an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) microscope. The electrodes were made from 60 microns diameter gold wires anchored to a printed circuit board. The internal diameter of the array was 0.9 mm giving a theoretical spatial resolution of about 100 microns. For EIT imaging, the array was connected to an imaging system operating at 82 kHz. Static images of conducting and insulating filaments (cooper wire and human hair) in saline solution were obtained as well as dynamic imaging sequences of glass microspheres migrating through the array. The interelectrode impedance was typically 5 k omega and the transimpedances ranged from 14 to 210 omega.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Griffiths
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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45
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Abstract
We isolated and sequenced cDNAs for the murine synaptonemal complex protein 1 (SCP1). The whole cDNA sequence displays respectively 93% and 90% identity with the previously reported rat and hamster cDNAs. We show, however, that the encoded amino acid sequence extends for an additional stretch of 51 residues at its amino-terminal end.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sage
- Unité 273 de l'INSERM, Université de Nice, France
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46
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Abstract
Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of basal ganglia functional lesions illustrates the accuracy of preoperative target localization. The technique of perioperative MRI and CT localization for pallidotomy will be discussed and correlated with the center of the lesion on postoperative standard MRI as well as three-dimensional (3-D) volume acquisition of image. Using a 1.5-tesla Signa system, a conventional acquisition of 128-slice, 256 x 256 matrix spoiled grass (SPGR) images were used for 3-D reformation. This allowed approximately 1 x 1 x 2 mm resolution over a 24-cm field of view in a T-1-weighted image. The display affords a volumetric analysis of the anatomic location and relation of the post-ventral pallidotomy to adjacent structures. Accuracy lesion placement based on perioperative MR coordinates and revealed on postoperative images is confirmed. The volume of the lesion as well as its location are factors that affect clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lehman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
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47
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Rassoulzadegan M, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Bertino B, Sage J, Jasin M, Miyagawa K, van Heyningen V, Besmer P, Cuzin F. Transmeiotic differentiation of male germ cells in culture. Cell 1993; 75:997-1006. [PMID: 7504588 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A cell culture system that supports the differentiation of male germ cells through meiosis is described. It takes advantage of the properties of a cell line, 15P-1, established from testicular cells of transgenic mice that express the large T protein of polyoma virus in the seminiferous epithelium. This line exhibits features characteristics of Sertoli cells, including transcription of the Wilms' tumor (WT1) and Steel genes. Cells of the 15P-1 type support the meiotic and postmeiotic differentiation in cocultures of diploid premeiotic germ cells into haploid spermatids expressing the protamine (Prm-1) gene. When cocultured with 15P-1 cells, testicular cells explanted from immature 9-day-old animals, before the onset of the first meiosis, generated tetrads of haploid cells with the morphology of round spermatids and initiated protamine transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rassoulzadegan
- Unité 273 de l'Institut National de la Santé, Université de Nice, France
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- M Menza
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
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49
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Abstract
Ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations were rated for mood changes during discrete "off," "on," and "on with dyskinesia" periods. The Profile of Mood States and visual analogue scales were used. Significant changes in mood and anxiety were found to parallel changes in motor fluctuations. One patient rated his moods as consistently improving from the "off" state to the "on" state and finally to the "on with dyskinesia" state, a finding that is consistent with concomitant central dopaminergic changes. All other patients showed moods that improved significantly from the "off" state to the "on" state but then worsened significantly in the "on with dyskinesia" state, a finding that is consistent with the fact that patients feel worse when impaired by dyskinesias. It is suggested that these results argue for multiple etiologies of depression in Parkinson's disease. The literature on dopamine and depression in Parkinson's disease is briefly reviewed and the opportunity provided by "on-off" phenomena to study the effect of dopamine on mood changes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Menza
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019
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50
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Duvoisin RC, Nicklas WJ, Ritchie V, Sage J, Chokroverty S. Low leukocyte glutamate dehydrogenase activity does not correlate with a particular type of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51:1508-11. [PMID: 3221218 PMCID: PMC1032765 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.51.12.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leucocyte glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was measured in 26 normal control subjects, 20 patients with multiple system atrophy presenting features of either olivopontocerebellar atrophy or striatonigral degeneration and in a heterogenous group of 15 patients with spinocerebellar degenerations. A broad range of GDH activity was found in all three groups. Low activity failed to correlate with a specific clinical entity. Patients followed to post-mortem examination to date have demonstrated histological features of at least three distinct morbid entities. It is concluded, contrary to earlier reports including the authors', that low leukocyte GDH activity does not identify a particular type of multiple system atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Duvoisin
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08903
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