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Stauffer E, Pichon AP, Champigneulle B, Furian M, Hancco I, Darras A, Robach P, Brugniaux JV, Nader E, Connes P, Verges S, Kaestner L. Making a virtue out of an evil: Are red blood cells from chronic mountain sickness patients eligible for transfusions? Am J Hematol 2024. [PMID: 38622808 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We investigated highlanders, permanently living at an altitude of 5100 m and compared Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS) patients with control volunteers. While we found differences in systemic parameters such as blood oxygen content, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and blood viscosity, the mechanical and rheological properties of single red blood cells did not differ between the two investigated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Médecine du sport et de l'Activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Michaël Furian
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Hancco
- Instituto de Investigation de la Universidad San Martín de Porres, Centro de Investigation en Medicina de Altura (CIMA), Facultad de Medicina Human, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Darras
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Paul Robach
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes HP2, Grenoble, France
- National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Descollonges M, Marmier P, Marillier M, Jafari E, Brugniaux JV, Deley G. Effect of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebrovascular function and cognitive performance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H923-H928. [PMID: 38334969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
It is known that electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) can enhance physical function, but its impact on cognition and cerebral hemodynamics is not well understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one EMS session on cerebrovascular function and cognitive performance. The 17 recruited young healthy participants undertook a 25-min session of EMS and a resting control session (Ctrl group) in a random order. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries (right MCAv and left PCAv, respectively), cerebral oxygenation, cardiac output, and heart rate were measured throughout the sessions, whereas cognitive function was assessed before and after each experimental condition. MCAv, cardiac output, heart rate, and cerebral oxygenation were increased throughout the EMS session, whereas PCAv remained unchanged. In addition, EMS led to improved scores at the Rey auditory verbal learning test-part B and congruent Stroop task versus Ctrl. The present study demonstrates that a single session of EMS may improve cognitive performance and concomitantly increase CBFv and cerebral oxygenation. Therefore, EMS appears to be a valuable surrogate for voluntary exercise and could therefore be advantageously used in populations with severe physical limitations who would not be able to perform physical exercise otherwise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to demonstrate that one session of EMS applied to the quadriceps increases cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral oxygenation, which are pivotal factors for brain health. Thus, EMS has the potential to be used as an interesting option in rehabilitation to increase cerebral perfusion and defend if not improve cognitive function sustainably for people with severe physical limitations who would not be able to perform physical exercise voluntarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Descollonges
- INSERM UMR 1093-Laboratoire CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- Kurage, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Marmier
- INSERM UMR 1093-Laboratoire CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Marillier
- HP2 Laboratory, Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ehsan Jafari
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France
- Kurage, Lyon, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- HP2 Laboratory, Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Deley
- INSERM UMR 1093-Laboratoire CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
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Champigneulle B, Caton F, Seyve L, Stauffer É, Pichon A, Brugniaux JV, Furian M, Hancco I, Deschamps B, Kaestner L, Robach P, Connes P, Bouzat P, Polack B, Marlu R, Verges S. Are coagulation profiles in Andean highlanders with excessive erythrocytosis favouring hypercoagulability? Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38554124 DOI: 10.1113/ep091670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness is a maladaptive syndrome that affects individuals living permanently at high altitude and is characterized primarily by excessive erythrocytosis (EE). Recent results concerning the impact of EE in Andean highlanders on clotting and the possible promotion of hypercoagulability, which can lead to thrombosis, were contradictory. We assessed the coagulation profiles of Andeans highlanders with and without excessive erythrocytosis (EE+ and EE-). Blood samples were collected from 30 EE+ and 15 EE- in La Rinconada (Peru, 5100-5300 m a.s.l.), with special attention given to the sampling pre-analytical variables. Rotational thromboelastometry tests were performed at both native and normalized (40%) haematocrit using autologous platelet-poor plasma. Thrombin generation, dosages of clotting factors and inhibitors were measured in plasma samples. Data were compared between groups and with measurements performed at native haematocrit in 10 lowlanders (LL) at sea level. At native haematocrit, in all rotational thromboelastometry assays, EE+ exhibited hypocoagulable profiles (prolonged clotting time and weaker clot strength) compared with EE- and LL (all P < 0.01). At normalized haematocrit, clotting times were normalized in most individuals. Conversely, maximal clot firmness was normalized only in FIBTEM and not in EXTEM/INTEM assays, suggesting abnormal platelet activity. Thrombin generation, levels of plasma clotting factors and inhibitors, and standard coagulation assays were mostly normal in all groups. No highlanders reported a history of venous thromboembolism based on the dedicated survey. Collectively, these results indicate that EE+ do not present a hypercoagulable profile potentially favouring thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Champigneulle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Landry Seyve
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Émeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team 'Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell', Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l'Activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Move UR 20296, STAPS, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Michael Furian
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Hancco
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Lars Kaestner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paul Robach
- National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team 'Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell', Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Polack
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Raphael Marlu
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
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Champigneulle B, Brugniaux JV, Stauffer E, Doutreleau S, Furian M, Perger E, Pina A, Baillieul S, Deschamps B, Hancco I, Connes P, Robach P, Pichon A, Verges S. Expedition 5300: limits of human adaptations in the highest city in the world. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 38146929 DOI: 10.1113/jp284550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia imposes a significant physiological burden to more than 80 million humans living above 2500 m throughout the world. Among them, 50 000 live in the world's highest city, La Rinconada, located at 5000-5300 m in southern Peru. Expedition 5300 is the first scientific and medical programme led in La Rinconada to investigate the physiological adaptations and altitude-related health issues in this unique population. Dwellers from La Rinconada have very high haemoglobin concentration (20.3 ± 2.4 g/dL; n = 57) and those with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) exhibit even higher concentrations (23.1 ± 1.7 g/dL; n = 150). These values are associated with large total haemoglobin mass and blood volume, without an associated iron deficit. These changes in intravascular volumes lead to a substantial increase in blood viscosity, which is even larger in CMS patients. Despite these large haematological changes, 24 h blood pressure monitoring is essentially normal in La Rinconada, but some results suggest impaired vascular reactivity. Echocardiography revealed large right heart dilatation and high pulmonary arterial pressure as well as left ventricle concentric remodelling and grade I diastolic dysfunction. These changes in heart dimension and function tend to be more severe in highlanders with CMS. Polygraphy evaluations revealed a large reduction in nocturnal pulse oxygen saturation (median SpO2 = 79%), which is even more severe in CMS patients who also tended to show a higher oxygen desaturation index. The population of La Rinconada offers a unique opportunity to investigate the human responses to chronic severe hypoxia, at an altitude that is probably close to the maximum altitude human beings can permanently tolerate without presenting major health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Champigneulle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM, EA7424), "Red Blood cell and Vascular Biology" Team, Univ Lyon - University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Furian
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Elisa Perger
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pina
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Sébastien Baillieul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Blandine Deschamps
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Hancco
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM, EA7424), "Red Blood cell and Vascular Biology" Team, Univ Lyon - University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Paul Robach
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
- National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- Laboratory Mobility, Aging & Exercise (MOVE, EA6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France
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Colantuoni A, Brugniaux JV, Goltsov A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R. Editorial: Methods and applications in vascular physiology: 2022. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1264518. [PMID: 37614752 PMCID: PMC10442938 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1264518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexey Goltsov
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Champigneulle B, Stauffer E, Robach P, Doutreleau S, Howe CA, Pina A, Salazar-Granara AA, Hancco I, Guergour D, Brugniaux JV, Connes P, Pichon A, Verges S. Early effects of acetazolamide on hemoglobin mass and plasma volume in chronic mountain sickness at 5100 m. Pulmonology 2023:S2531-0437(23)00095-8. [PMID: 37263861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS) syndrome, combining excessive erythrocytosis and clinical symptoms in highlanders, remains a public health concern in high-altitude areas, especially in the Andes, with limited therapeutic approaches. The objectives of this study were to assess in CMS-highlanders permanently living in La Rinconada (5100-5300 m, Peru, the highest city in the world), the early efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) and atorvastatin to reduce hematocrit (Hct), as well as the underlying mechanisms focusing on intravascular volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one males (46±8 years of age) permanently living in La Rinconada for 15 [10-20] years and suffering from CMS were randomized between ACZ (250 mg once-daily; N = 13), atorvastatin (20 mg once-daily; N = 14) or placebo (N = 14) uptake in a double-blinded parallel study. Hematocrit (primary endpoint) as well as arterial blood gasses, total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and intravascular volumes were assessed at baseline and after a mean (±SD) treatment duration of 19±2 days. RESULTS ACZ increased PaO2 by +13.4% (95% CI: 4.3 to 22.5%) and decreased Hct by -5.2% (95% CI: -8.3 to -2.2%), whereas Hct remained unchanged with placebo or atorvastatin. ACZ tended to decrease Hbmass (-2.6%, 95% CI: -5.7 to 0.5%), decreased total red blood cell volume (RBCV, -5.3%, 95% CI: -10.3 to -0.3%) and increased plasma volume (PV, +17.6%, 95% CI: 4.9 to 30.3%). Atorvastatin had no effect on intravascular volumes, while Hbmass and RBCV increased in the placebo group (+6.1%, 95% CI: 4.2 to 7.9% and +7.0%, 95%CI: 2.7 to 11.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Short-term ACZ uptake was effective to reduce Hct in CMS-highlanders living at extreme altitude >5,000 m and was associated with both an increase in PV and a reduction in RBCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Champigneulle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - E Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l'Activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - P Robach
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France; National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - S Doutreleau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - A Pina
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, S. Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A A Salazar-Granara
- Universidad de San Martin de Porres, School of Medicine, Research Centre in Altitude Medicine, Lima, Peru
| | - I Hancco
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - D Guergour
- Unité Biochimie Immunoanalyse, Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie Environnementale, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - J V Brugniaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - A Pichon
- Laboratoire Move EA 6314, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Universit. De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - S Verges
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Kaestner L, Champigneulle B, Stauffer É, Furian M, De Abreu J, John T, Nader E, Scheller A, Pichon A, Connes P, Robach P, Brugniaux JV, Borsch C, Rudloff S, Mairbäurl H, Verges S. Neocytolysis after return from high altitude (5100 m): Further evidence for absentia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023:e14002. [PMID: 37199676 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Campus University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Benoit Champigneulle
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Émeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l'Activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Furian
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérémy De Abreu
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas John
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- University of Poitiers, MOVE Laboratory UR 20296, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Paul Robach
- National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Borsch
- Analytical Platform, Stable Isotopes and Cell Biology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Analytical Platform, Stable Isotopes and Cell Biology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Translational Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Verges
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
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8
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Doutreleau S, Ulliel-Roche M, Hancco I, Bailly S, Oberholzer L, Robach P, Brugniaux JV, Pichon A, Stauffer E, Perger E, Parati G, Verges S. Cardiac remodelling in the highest city in the world: effects of altitude and chronic mountain sickness. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2154-2162. [PMID: 35929776 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A unique Andean population lives in the highest city of the world (La Rinconada, 5100 m, Peru) and frequently develops a maladaptive syndrome, termed chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Both extreme altitude and CMS are a challenge for the cardiovascular system. This study aims to evaluate cardiac remodelling and pulmonary circulation at rest and during exercise in healthy and CMS highlanders. METHODS AND RESULTS Highlanders living permanently at 3800 m (n = 23) and 5100 m (n = 55) with (n = 38) or without CMS (n = 17) were compared with 18 healthy lowlanders. Rest and exercise echocardiography were performed to describe cardiac remodelling, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Total blood volume (BV) and haemoglobin mass were determined in all people. With the increase in the altitude of residency, the right heart dilated with an impairment in right ventricle systolic function, while the left heart exhibited a progressive concentric remodelling with Grade I diastolic dysfunction but without systolic dysfunction. Those modifications were greater in moderate-severe CMS patients. The mean PAP was higher both at rest and during exercise in healthy highlanders at 5100 m. The moderate-severe CMS subjects had a higher PVR at rest and a larger increase in PAP during exercise. The right heart remodelling was correlated with PAP, total BV, and SpO2. CONCLUSION Healthy dwellers at 5100 m exhibit both right heart dilatation and left ventricle concentric remodelling with diastolic dysfunction. Those modifications are even more pronounced in moderate-severe CMS subjects and could represent the limit of the heart's adaptability before progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Doutreleau
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Ulliel-Roche
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Hancco
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Bailly
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Robach
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France.,National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- Laboratoire MOVE EA 6314, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team 'Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell', Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Perger
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Avenue Kimberley, 38 434 Grenoble, France
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9
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Perger E, Baillieul S, Esteve F, Pichon A, Bilo G, Soranna D, Doutreleau S, Savina Y, Ulliel-Roche M, Brugniaux JV, Stauffer E, Oberholzer L, Howe C, Hannco I, Lombardi C, Tamisier R, Pepin JL, Verges S, Parati G. Nocturnal hypoxemia, blood pressure, vascular status and chronic mountain sickness in the highest city in the world. Ann Med 2022; 54:1884-1893. [PMID: 35786084 PMCID: PMC9258438 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a condition characterized by excessive erythrocytosis in response to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. CMS frequently triggers cardiorespiratory diseases such as pulmonary hypertension and right or left heart failure. Ambient hypoxia might be further amplified night-time by intermittent hypoxia related to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) so that sleep disturbance may be an important feature of CMS. Our aim was to characterize in a cross-sectional study nocturnal hypoxaemia, SDB, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in highlanders living at extreme altitude. METHODS Men aged 18 to 55 years were prospectively recruited. Home sleep apnoea test, questionnaires (short-form health survey; Montreal cognitive assessment; Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index and the Insomnia severity index), 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, CIMT and arterial stiffness were evaluated in 3 groups: i) Andean lowlanders (sea-level); ii) highlanders living at 3,800 m and iii) highlanders living at 5,100 m. Analyses were conducted in sub-groups according to 1) CMS severity 2) healthy subjects living at the three different altitude. RESULTS Ninety-two males were evaluated at their living altitudes. Among the 54 highlanders living at 5,100 m, subjects with CMS showed lower mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (SpO2), SpO2 nadir, lower pulse wave velocity and higher nocturnal BP variability than those with no-CMS. Lower nocturnal SpO2 nadir was associated with higher CMS severity (ß= -0.14, p=.009). Among the 55 healthy subjects, healthy highlanders at 5,100 m were characterized by lower scores on quality of life and sleep quality scales and lower mean SpO2 compared to lowlanders. CONCLUSIONS Lower nocturnal SpO2 and higher nocturnal BP variability are associated with CMS severity in individuals living permanently at high altitude. The role of lower SpO2 and higher nocturnal BP variability in the cardiovascular progression of CMS and in the overall prognosis of the disease need to be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Perger
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Biostatistic Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sébastien Baillieul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - François Esteve
- Inserm UA7, Rayonnement Synchrotron pour la Recherche Biomédicale, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Poitiers, Laboratory Mobility, aging & exercise (MOVE, EA6314), Poitiers, France
| | - Gzregorz Bilo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Biostatistic Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Soranna
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Biostatistics unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yann Savina
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Ulliel-Roche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM, EA7424), "Red Blood cell and Vascular Biology" team, Univ Lyon - University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Connor Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ivan Hannco
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Carolina Lombardi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Biostatistic Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pepin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Biostatistic Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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10
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Brugniaux JV, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Dabiri A, Kılıç K, Wilson C, Goltsov A, Colantuoni A. Editorial: Methods and applications in vascular physiology: 2021. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1078988. [PMID: 36425291 PMCID: PMC9680983 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1078988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien V Brugniaux
- HP2 laboratory (INSERM 1300), Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain
| | - Ali Dabiri
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow, Russia
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11
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Bailey DM, Culcasi M, Filipponi T, Brugniaux JV, Stacey BS, Marley CJ, Soria R, Rimoldi SF, Cerny D, Rexhaj E, Pratali L, Salmòn CS, Jáuregui CM, Villena M, Villafuerte F, Rockenbauer A, Pietri S, Scherrer U, Sartori C. EPR spectroscopic evidence of iron-catalysed free radical formation in chronic mountain sickness: Dietary causes and vascular consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:99-113. [PMID: 35398201 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a high-altitude (HA) maladaptation syndrome characterised by elevated systemic oxidative-nitrosative stress (OXNOS) due to a free radical-mediated reduction in vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. To better define underlying mechanisms and vascular consequences, this study compared healthy male lowlanders (80 m, n = 10) against age/sex-matched highlanders born and bred in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m) with (CMS+, n = 10) and without (CMS-, n = 10) CMS. Cephalic venous blood was assayed using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and reductive ozone-based chemiluminescence. Nutritional intake was assessed via dietary recall. Systemic vascular function and structure were assessed via flow-mediated dilatation, aortic pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness using duplex ultrasound and applanation tonometry. Basal systemic OXNOS was permanently elevated in highlanders (P = <0.001 vs. lowlanders) and further exaggerated in CMS+, reflected by increased hydroxyl radical spin adduct formation (P = <0.001 vs. CMS-) subsequent to liberation of free 'catalytic' iron consistent with a Fenton and/or nucleophilic addition mechanism(s). This was accompanied by elevated global protein carbonylation (P = 0.046 vs. CMS-) and corresponding reduction in plasma nitrite (P = <0.001 vs. lowlanders). Dietary intake of vitamins C and E, carotene, magnesium and retinol were lower in highlanders and especially deficient in CMS + due to reduced consumption of fruit and vegetables (P = <0.001 to 0.028 vs. lowlanders/CMS-). Systemic vascular function and structure were also impaired in highlanders (P = <0.001 to 0.040 vs. lowlanders) with more marked dysfunction observed in CMS+ (P = 0.035 to 0.043 vs. CMS-) in direct proportion to systemic OXNOS (r = -0.692 to 0.595, P = <0.001 to 0.045). Collectively, these findings suggest that lifelong exposure to iron-catalysed systemic OXNOS, compounded by a dietary deficiency of antioxidant micronutrients, likely contributes to the systemic vascular complications and increased morbidity/mortality in CMS+. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT01182792; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, UK.
| | - Marcel Culcasi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR, 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Teresa Filipponi
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, UK
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, UK; HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, UK
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Cerny
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sylvia Pietri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR, 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, UNIL-Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Champigneulle B, Hancco I, Hamard E, Doutreleau S, Furian M, Brugniaux JV, Bailly S, Vergès S. Excessive erythrocytosis and chronic mountain sickness in the highest city in the world: a longitudinal study. Chest 2021; 161:1338-1342. [PMID: 34896092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Champigneulle
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
| | - Ivan Hancco
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Etienne Hamard
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Furian
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Bailly
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Vergès
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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13
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Tsukamoto H, Marley CJ, Brugniaux JV, Owens TS, Stacey BS, Calverley TA, Iannetelli A, Bailey DM. The Relationship Between Dynamic Autoregulation Of Cerebral Oxygenation And Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000760024.57351.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Champigneulle B, Hancco I, Renan R, Doutreleau S, Stauffer E, Pichon A, Brugniaux JV, Péré H, Bouzat P, Veyer D, Verges S. High-Altitude Environment and COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in the Highest City in the World. High Alt Med Biol 2021. [PMID: 34197184 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Champigneulle, Benoit, Ivan Hancco, Richard Renan, Stéphane Doutreleau, Emeric Stauffer, Aurélien Pichon, Julien V. Brugniaux, Hélène Péré, Pierre Bouzat, David Veyer, and Samuel Verges. High-altitude environment and COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in the highest city in the world. High Alt Med Biol. 22: 000-000, 2021. Background: A reduced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diffusion has been suggested in high-altitude areas but remained questionable. Aims of this study were to estimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity as well as the risk factors associated in La Rinconada, the highest city in the world (5,100-5,300 m), a gold-mining town located in southeastern Peru where >50,000 dwellers live in precarious sanitary conditions. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study during a 1-week period in October 2020, using point-of-care lateral flow serological assays allowing detection of antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 among voluntary dwellers in La Rinconada. Participants were also questioned about potential occupational and environmental risk factors of COVID-19 occurrence. Results: In a sample of 159 dwellers tested in La Rinconada, 48.4% [95% confidence interval, CI: 40.5-56.4] were seropositive for the SARS-CoV-2. Occurrence of at least one symptom compatible with the COVID-19 over the past 6 months remained the only significant factor associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (adjusted odds ratio: 3.27; [95% CI: 1.70-6.44]; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The high rate of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity observed in this small sample of highlanders does not support a protective effect of high-altitude against the COVID-19 spread and demonstrates its large dissemination in vulnerable populations. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04604249.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Champigneulle
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Hancco
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard Renan
- Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina (ACEM-UNA), Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (UNA), Puno, Perú
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell," University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l'activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- Laboratoire Move EA 6314, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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15
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Stauffer E, Loyrion E, Hancco I, Waltz X, Ulliel‐Roche M, Oberholzer L, Robach P, Pichon A, Brugniaux JV, Bouzat P, Doutreleau S, Connes P, Verges S. Blood viscosity and its determinants in the highest city in the world. J Physiol 2020; 598:4121-4130. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424 Team ‘Biologie vasculaire et du globule rouge’ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Université de Lyon France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR‐Ex) PRES Sorbonne Paris France
- Centre de Médecine du Sommeil et des Maladies Respiratoires Hospices Civils de Lyon Hôpital Croix Rousse Lyon France
| | - Emmanuelle Loyrion
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Ivan Hancco
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Xavier Waltz
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Mathilde Ulliel‐Roche
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Paul Robach
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
- National School for Mountain Sports Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA) Chamonix France
| | | | - Julien V. Brugniaux
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424 Team ‘Biologie vasculaire et du globule rouge’ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Université de Lyon France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR‐Ex) PRES Sorbonne Paris France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine Grenoble 38000 France
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16
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Marley CJ, Brugniaux JV, Davis D, Calverley TA, Owens TS, Stacey BS, Tsukamoto H, Ogoh S, Ainslie PN, Bailey DM. Long-term Exercise Confers Equivalent Neuroprotection in Females Despite Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Neuroscience 2020; 427:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Azevedo P, Bhammar DM, Babb TG, Bowen TS, Witte KK, Rossiter HB, Brugniaux JV, Perry BD, Dantas de Lucas R, Turnes T, Sabino-Carvalho JL, Lopes TR, Zacca R, Fernandes RJ, McKie GL, Hazell TJ, Helal L, da Silveira AD, McNulty CR, Roberg RA, Nightingale TE, Alrashidi AA, Mashkovskiy E, Krassioukov A, Clos P, Laroche D, Pageaux B, Poole DC, Jones AM, Schaun GZ, de Souza DS, de Oliveira Barreto Lopes T, Vagula M, Zuo L, Zhao T. Commentaries on Viewpoint: V̇o 2peak is an acceptable estimate of cardiorespiratory fitness but not V̇o 2max. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 125:233-240. [PMID: 30043694 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00319.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Azevedo
- Exercise Physiology Studies and Research Group (GEPEFEX), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dharini M. Bhammar
- Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Tony G. Babb
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - T. Scott Bowen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Harry B. Rossiter
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | - Ben D. Perry
- School of Science & Health, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | | | - Tiago Turnes
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jeann L. Sabino-Carvalho
- NeuroVASQ – Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Zacca
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Greg L. McKie
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom J. Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas Helal
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
| | - Anderson Donelli da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Exercise Cardiology Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
| | | | | | - Tom E. Nightingale
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abdullah A. Alrashidi
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,King Fahd Medical City, Physical Therapy Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evgeny Mashkovskiy
- Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Clos
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Davy Laroche
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France,CIC INSERM 1432, Plateforme d’Investigation Technologique, Hôpital Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - David C. Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Gustavo Z. Schaun
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Diego Santos de Souza
- Laboratory of Heart Biophysics, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Tatiane de Oliveira Barreto Lopes
- Excitable Membranes Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mary Vagula
- Biology Department, Gannon University, Erie, PA
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Tingyang Zhao
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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18
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Bailey DM, Brugniaux JV, Filipponi T, Marley CJ, Stacey B, Soria R, Rimoldi SF, Cerny D, Rexhaj E, Pratali L, Salmòn CS, Murillo Jáuregui C, Villena M, Smirl JD, Ogoh S, Pietri S, Scherrer U, Sartori C. Exaggerated systemic oxidative-inflammatory-nitrosative stress in chronic mountain sickness is associated with cognitive decline and depression. J Physiol 2018; 597:611-629. [PMID: 30397919 DOI: 10.1113/jp276898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a maladaptation syndrome encountered at high altitude (HA) characterised by severe hypoxaemia that carries a higher risk of stroke and migraine and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We examined if exaggerated oxidative-inflammatory-nitrosative stress (OXINOS) and corresponding decrease in vascular nitric oxide bioavailability in patients with CMS (CMS+) is associated with impaired cerebrovascular function and adverse neurological outcome. Systemic OXINOS was markedly elevated in CMS+ compared to healthy HA (CMS-) and low-altitude controls. OXINOS was associated with blunted cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity to hypercapnia, impaired cognition and, in CMS+, symptoms of depression. These findings are the first to suggest that a physiological continuum exists for hypoxaemia-induced systemic OXINOS in HA dwellers that when excessive is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and depression, helping identify those in need of more specialist neurological assessment and targeted support. ABSTRACT Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a maladaptation syndrome encountered at high altitude (HA) characterised by severe hypoxaemia that carries a higher risk of stroke and migraine and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The present cross-sectional study examined to what extent exaggerated systemic oxidative-inflammatory-nitrosative stress (OXINOS), defined by an increase in free radical formation and corresponding decrease in vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is associated with impaired cerebrovascular function, accelerated cognitive decline and depression in CMS. Venous blood was obtained from healthy male lowlanders (80 m, n = 17), and age- and gender-matched HA dwellers born and bred in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m) with (CMS+, n = 23) and without (CMS-, n = 14) CMS. We sampled blood for oxidative (electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, HPLC), nitrosative (ozone-based chemiluminescence) and inflammatory (fluorescence) biomarkers. We employed transcranial Doppler ultrasound to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and reactivity. We utilised psychometric tests and validated questionnaires to assess cognition and depression. Highlanders exhibited elevated systemic OXINOS (P < 0.05 vs. lowlanders) that was especially exaggerated in the more hypoxaemic CMS+ patients (P < 0.05 vs. CMS-). OXINOS was associated with blunted cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity to hypercapnia, impaired cognition and, in CMS+, symptoms of depression. Collectively, these findings are the first to suggest that a physiological continuum exists for hypoxaemia-induced OXINOS in HA dwellers that when excessive is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and depression, helping identify those in need of specialist neurological assessment and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Julien V Brugniaux
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK.,HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Teresa Filipponi
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Benjamin Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Cerny
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Smirl
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sylvia Pietri
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, UNIL-Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Fall L, Brugniaux JV, Davis D, Marley CJ, Davies B, New KJ, McEneny J, Young IS, Bailey DM. Redox-regulation of haemostasis in hypoxic exercising humans: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled antioxidant study. J Physiol 2018; 596:4879-4891. [PMID: 29989171 DOI: 10.1113/jp276414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In vitro evidence has identified that coagulation is activated by increased oxidative stress, though the link and underlying mechanism in humans have yet to be established. We conducted the first randomised controlled trial in healthy participants to examine if oral antioxidant prophylaxis alters the haemostatic responses to hypoxia and exercise given their synergistic capacity to promote free radical formation. Systemic free radical formation was shown to increase during hypoxia and was further compounded by exercise, responses that were attenuated by antioxidant prophylaxis. In contrast, antioxidant prophylaxis increased thrombin generation at rest in normoxia, and this was normalised only in the face of prevailing oxidation. Collectively, these findings suggest that human free radical formation is an adaptive phenomenon that serves to maintain vascular haemostasis. ABSTRACT In vitro evidence suggests that blood coagulation is activated by increased oxidative stress although the link and underlying mechanism in humans have yet to be established. We conducted the first randomised controlled trial to examine if oral antioxidant prophylaxis alters the haemostatic responses to hypoxia and exercise. Healthy males were randomly assigned double-blind to either an antioxidant (n = 20) or placebo group (n = 16). The antioxidant group ingested two capsules/day that each contained 500 mg of l-ascorbic acid and 450 international units (IU) of dl-α-tocopherol acetate for 8 weeks. The placebo group ingested capsules of identical external appearance, taste and smell (cellulose). Both groups were subsequently exposed to acute hypoxia and maximal physical exercise with venous blood sampled pre-supplementation (normoxia), post-supplementation at rest (normoxia and hypoxia) and following maximal exercise (hypoxia). Systemic free radical formation (electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic detection of the ascorbate radical (A•- )) increased during hypoxia (15,152 ± 1193 AU vs. 14,076 ± 810 AU at rest, P < 0.05) and was further compounded by exercise (16,569 ± 1616 AU vs. rest, P < 0.05), responses that were attenuated by antioxidant prophylaxis. In contrast, antioxidant prophylaxis increased thrombin generation as measured by thrombin-antithrombin complex, at rest in normoxia (28.7 ± 6.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 μg mL-1 pre-intervention, P < 0.05) and was restored but only in the face of prevailing oxidation. Collectively, these findings are the first to suggest that human free radical formation likely reflects an adaptive response that serves to maintain vascular haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | | | - Danielle Davis
- Department of Sport Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Bruce Davies
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Karl J New
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian S Young
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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20
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Brugniaux JV, Foster GE, Beaudin AE. What role for hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnea? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:362. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00377.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Bailey DM, Marley CJ, Brugniaux JV, Hodson D, New KJ, Ogoh S, Ainslie PN. Elevated aerobic fitness sustained throughout the adult lifespan is associated with improved cerebral hemodynamics. Stroke 2013; 44:3235-8. [PMID: 23963329 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Age-related impairments in cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2) are established risk factors for stroke that respond favorably to aerobic training. The present study examined to what extent cerebral hemodynamics are improved when training is sustained throughout the adult lifespan. METHODS Eighty-one healthy males were prospectively assigned to 1 of 4 groups based on their age (young, ≤30 years versus old, ≥60 years) and lifetime physical activity levels (trained, ≥150 minutes recreational aerobic activity/week versus sedentary, no activity). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, transcranial Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial pressure (MAP, finger photoplethysmography), and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2, capnography) were recorded during normocapnia and 3 mins of iso-oxic hypercapnea (5% CO2). Cerebrovascular resistance/conductance indices (CVRi/CVCi) were calculated as MAP/MCAv and MCAv/MAP, respectively, and CVRCO2 as the percentage increase in MCAv from baseline per millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) increase in PETCO2. Maximal oxygen consumption ( O2MAX, online respiratory gas analysis) was determined during cycling ergometry. RESULTS By design, older participants were active for longer (49±5 versus 6±4 years, P<0.05). Physical activity attenuated the age-related declines in O2MAX, MCAv, CVCi, and CVRCO2 and increase in CVRi (P<0.05 versus sedentary). Linear relationships were observed between O2MAX and both MCAv and CVRCO2 (r=0.58-0.77, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of maintaining aerobic fitness throughout the lifespan given its capacity to improve cerebral hemodynamics in later-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Bailey
- From the Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, UK (D.M.B., C.J.M., J.V.B., D.H., K.J.N.); the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe-Shi, Saitama, Japan (S.O.); and the School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada (P.N.A.)
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22
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Bailey DM, Brugniaux JV, Pietri S, Culcasi M, Swenson ER. Redox regulation of neurovascular function by acetazolamide: complementary insight into mechanisms underlying high-altitude acclimatisation. J Physiol 2013; 590:3627-8. [PMID: 22855057 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.238071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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23
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Mounier R, Brugniaux JV. Last word on Counterpoint: Hypobaric hypoxia does not induce different physiological responses from normobaric hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1796. [PMID: 22589494 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00355.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Mounier
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Mounier
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, France.
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25
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Cochand NJ, Wild M, Brugniaux JV, Davies PJ, Evans KA, Wise RG, Bailey DM. Sea-Level Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Predicts Susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness at High Altitude. Stroke 2011; 42:3628-30. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.621714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Cochand
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael Wild
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julien V. Brugniaux
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter J. Davies
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kevin A. Evans
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard G. Wise
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- From the School of Medicine (N.J.C.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; the School of Medicine (M.W., P.J.D.), University of Wales, Swansea, UK; the Neurovascular Research Laboratory (J.V.B., K.A.E., D.M.B.), Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK; and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (R.G.W.), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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26
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Beaudin AE, Brugniaux JV, Vöhringer M, Flewitt J, Green JD, Friedrich MG, Poulin MJ. Cerebral and myocardial blood flow responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1678-86. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00281.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, cerebrovascular responses to alterations in arterial Pco2 and Po2 are well documented. However, few studies have investigated human coronary vascular responses to alterations in blood gases. This study investigated the extent to which the cerebral and coronary vasculatures differ in their responses to euoxic hypercapnia and isocapnic hypoxia in healthy volunteers. Participants ( n = 15) were tested at rest on two occasions. On the first visit, middle cerebral artery blood velocity ( V̄P) was assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. On the second visit, coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) was measured using cardiac MRI. For comparison with V̄P, CSBF was normalized to the rate pressure product [an index of myocardial oxygen consumption; normalized (n)CSBF]. Both testing sessions began with 5 min of euoxic [end-tidal Po2 (PetO2) = 88 Torr] isocapnia [end-tidal Pco2 (PetCO2) = +1 Torr above resting values]. PetO2 was next held at 88 Torr, and PetCO2 was increased to 40 and 45 Torr in 5-min increments. Participants were then returned to euoxic isocapnia for 5 min, after which PetO2 was decreased from 88 to 60, 52 and 45 Torr in 5-min decrements. Changes in V̄P and nCSBF were normalized to isocapnic euoxic conditions and indexed against PetCO2 and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. The V̄P gain for euoxic hypercapnia (%/Torr) was significantly higher than nCSBF ( P = 0.030). Conversely, the V̄P gain for isocapnic hypoxia (%/%desaturation) was not different from nCSBF ( P = 0.518). These findings demonstrate, compared with coronary circulation, that the cerebral circulation is more sensitive to hypercapnia but similarly sensitive to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien V. Brugniaux
- Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and
| | | | | | - Jordin D. Green
- Stephenson Cardiac MR Centre,
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta,
- Siemens Healthcare, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Marc J. Poulin
- Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Clinical Neurosciences,
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta,
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and
- Faculties of 6Medicine and
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27
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Brugniaux JV, Pialoux V, Foster GE, Duggan CTC, Eliasziw M, Hanly PJ, Poulin MJ. Effects of intermittent hypoxia on erythropoietin, soluble erythropoietin receptor and ventilation in humans. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:880-7. [PMID: 20947680 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00156009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and soluble EPO receptors (sEPOR) have been proposed to play a central role in the ventilatory acclimatisation to continuous hypoxia in mice. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time in humans (n = 9) that sEPOR is downregulated upon daytime exposure to 4 days of intermittent hypoxia (IH; 6 h·day⁻¹, cycles of 2 min of hypoxia followed by 2 min of reoxygenation; peak end-tidal oxygen tension (P(ET,O₂)) 88 Torr, nadir P(ET,O₂)) 45 Torr), thereby allowing EPO concentration to rise. We also determined the strength of the association between these haematological adaptations and alterations in the acute hypoxic ventilatory response (AHVR). We observed a nadir in sEPOR on day 2 (-70%), concomitant with the peak in EPO concentration (+50%). Following exposure to IH, tidal volume (V(T)) increased, respiratory frequency remained unchanged, and minute ventilation (V'(E)) was increased. There was a negative correlation between EPO and sEPOR (r = -0.261; p = 0.05), and between sEPOR and V(T) (r = -0.331; p = 0.02). EPO was positively correlated with V'(E) (r = 0.458; p = 0.001). In conclusion, the downregulation of sEPOR by IH modulates the subsequent EPO response. Furthermore, the alterations in AHVR and breathing pattern following IH appear to be mediated, at least in part, by the increase in EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Brugniaux
- Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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28
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Pialoux V, Hanly PJ, Foster GE, Brugniaux JV, Beaudin AE, Hartmann SE, Pun M, Duggan CT, Poulin MJ. Effects of Exposure to Intermittent Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress and Acute Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1002-9. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200905-0671oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Charlot K, Cornolo J, Brugniaux JV, Richalet JP, Pichon A. Interchangeability between heart rate and photoplethysmography variabilities during sympathetic stimulations. Physiol Meas 2009; 30:1357-69. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/30/12/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Foster GE, Brugniaux JV, Pialoux V, Duggan CTC, Hanly PJ, Ahmed SB, Poulin MJ. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute hypoxia following exposure to intermittent hypoxia in healthy humans. J Physiol 2009; 587:3287-99. [PMID: 19417094 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.171553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is thought to be responsible for many of the long-term cardiovascular consequences associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Experimental human models of IH can aid in investigating the pathophysiology of these cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of IH on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular response to acute hypoxia and hypercapnia in an experimental human model that simulates the hypoxaemia experienced by OSA patients. We exposed 10 healthy, male subjects to IH for 4 consecutive days. The IH profile involved 2 min of hypoxia (nadir = 45.0 mmHg) alternating with 2 min of normoxia (peak = 88.0 mmHg) for 6 h. The cerebral blood flow response and the pressor responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were assessed after 2 days of sham exposure, after each day of IH, and 4 days following the discontinuation of IH. Nitric oxide derivatives were measured at baseline and following the last exposure to IH. After 4 days of IH, mean arterial pressure increased by 4 mmHg (P < 0.01), nitric oxide derivatives were reduced by 55% (P < 0.05), the pressor response to acute hypoxia increased (P < 0.01), and the cerebral vascular resistance response to hypoxia increased (P < 0.01). IH alters blood pressure and cerebrovascular regulation, which is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E Foster
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
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31
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Pialoux V, Brugniaux JV, Fellmann N, Richalet JP, Robach P, Schmitt L, Coudert J, Mounier R. Oxidative stress and HIF-1 alpha modulate hypoxic ventilatory responses after hypoxic training on athletes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 167:217-20. [PMID: 19383558 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the strength of the association between oxidative stress, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1 alpha) and acute hypoxic ventilatory response (AHVR) after hypoxic training in elite runners. Six elite runners were submitted to 18-day of "living high-training low" (LHTL) and six performed the same training in normoxia. AHVR was measured during an acute hypoxic test before and after training. Plasma levels of protein oxidation (AOPP), malondialdehydes and (HIF-1 alpha) mRNA in the leukocytes were measured before and after the acute hypoxic test. LHTL increased AHVR and amplified the responses of HIF-1 alpha mRNA and AOPP (Delta(AOPP)) to the acute hypoxic test. Furthermore, between PRE and POST, the changes in Delta(AOPP) were correlated with the changes in AHVR (r=0.69, P=0.01). The ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia occurring in athletes after LHTL seems to be modulated by oxidative stress. Furthermore, LHTL induced a higher sensitivity of HIF-1 alpha mRNA to acute hypoxia in elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pialoux
- Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Biologie des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Faculté de Médecine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Pialoux V, Mounier R, Brugniaux JV, Rock E, Mazur A, Richalet JP, Robach P, Coudert J, Fellmann N. Thirteen days of "live high-train low" does not affect prooxidant/antioxidant balance in elite swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106:517-24. [PMID: 19340451 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of 13 days of "living high-training low" (LHTL) on the antioxidant/prooxidant balance in elite endurance swimmers. Eighteen elite swimmers from the French Swimming Federation were submitted to a 13-day endurance training and divided into two groups: one group trained at 1,200 m and lived in hypoxia (2,500-3,000 m simulated altitude) and the second group trained and lived at 1,200 m. The subjects performed an acute hypoxic test (10 min at 4,800 m) before and 1 day after the training period. Plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehydes (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid-soluble antioxidants were measured before and after the 4,800 m tests. After the training, MDA and AOPP responses to the 4,800 m test were lower than before training for both groups (+10 vs. +2%; P = 0.01 for MDA and +80 vs. +14%; P = 0.01 for AOPP). Thirteen days of LHTL did not modify antioxidant status (FRAP and lipid-soluble antioxidants) despite intakes in vitamins A and E below the recommended daily allowances. The LHTL did not affect the antioxidant status in elite swimmers; however, the normoxic endurance training induced preconditioning mechanisms in response to the 4,800 m test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Faculté de Médecine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Brugniaux JV, Niva A, Pulkkinen I, Laukkanen RMT, Richalet JP, Pichon AP. Polar Activity Watch 200: a new device to accurately assess energy expenditure. Br J Sports Med 2008; 44:245-9. [PMID: 18413338 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.045575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Energy expenditure (EE) based on movement detection is calculated by a new device, the Activity Watch 200 (AW200). The aim of this study was to validate EE measured by this device against indirect calorimetry (IC) and to assess the reproducibility of AW200 measurements. DESIGN EE was assessed during a 9.7 km hike. 10 men and 10 women in the age range 35-45 years, and 5 men and 6 women in the age range 50-55 years were tested. One in five participants of each age- and sex-matched group was equipped with a portable metabograph (Oxycon Mobil) for IC measurements. Data were collected every 30 min during the hike, and IC was extrapolated for the remaining four other participants of the group. RESULTS During the total hike, there was a high correlation between EE obtained from the AW200 and the IC calculation (r = 0.987, p<0.001). Identical values of EE were calculated by both methods during the first 90 min of the hike. However, EE calculated by the AW200 at 120 min and at the end of the hike was lower (p<0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed limits of agreements between 105 and 279 kJ after 30 and 120 min, respectively. EE measured by the AW200 was well correlated with IC measurements, and limits of agreement between devices were below 10% of the measured values for hike durations longer than 60 min. CONCLUSION The AW200 appears to be a very useful and accurate device for measuring EE during exercise in recreational hikers and provides a useful tool for keeping track of personal EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Brugniaux
- Laboratoire Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie, ARPE, Université Paris, Bobigny, France.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen E Foster
- Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | | | | | | | - Marc J Poulin
- Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
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Brugniaux JV, Hodges ANH, Hanly PJ, Poulin MJ. Cerebrovascular responses to altitude. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007; 158:212-23. [PMID: 17544954 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a complex process that is altered significantly with altitude exposure. Acute exposure produces a marked increase in CBF, in proportion to the severity of the hypoxia and mitigated by hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia when CO(2) is uncontrolled. A number of mediators contribute to the hypoxia-induced cerebral vasodilation, including adenosine, potassium channels, substance P, prostaglandins, and NO. Upon acclimatization to altitude, CBF returns towards normal sea-level values in subsequent days and weeks, mediated by a progressive increase in PO2, first through hyperventilation followed by erythropoiesis. With long-term altitude exposure, a number of mechanisms play a role in regulating CBF, including acid-base balance, hematological modifications, and angiogenesis. Finally, several cerebrovascular disorders are associated with altitude exposure. Existing gaps in our knowledge of CBF and altitude, and areas of future investigation include effects of longer exposures, intermittent hypoxia, and gender differences in the CBF responses to altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien V Brugniaux
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Robach P, Schmitt L, Brugniaux JV, Nicolet G, Duvallet A, Fouillot JP, Moutereau S, Lasne F, Pialoux V, Olsen NV, Richalet JP. Living high-training low: effect on erythropoiesis and maximal aerobic performance in elite Nordic skiers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97:695-705. [PMID: 16786355 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The "living high-training low" model (Hi-Lo) may improve aerobic performance in athletes, and the main mechanism of this improvement is thought to be augmented erythropoiesis. A positive effect of Hi-Lo has been demonstrated previously by using altitudes of 2,000-3,000 m. Since the rate of erythropoiesis is altitude-dependent, we tested whether a higher altitude (3,500 m) during Hi-Lo increases erythropoiesis and maximal aerobic performance. Nordic skiers trained for 18 days at 1,200 m, while sleeping at 1,200 m in ambient air (control group, n = 5) or in hypoxic rooms (Hi-Lo, n = 6; 3 x 6 days at simulated altitudes of 2,500, 3,000 and finally 3,500 m, 11 h day(-1)). Measurements were done before, during (blood samples only) and 2 weeks after the intervention (POST). Maximal aerobic performance was examined from VO(2max) and time to exhaustion (T(exh)) at vVO(2max) (minimum speed associated with VO(2max)), respectively. Erythropoietin and soluble transferrin receptor responses were higher during Hi-Lo, whereas reticulocytes did not change. In POST (vs. before): hematological parameters were similar to basal levels, as well as red blood cell volume, being 2.68 +/- 0.83 l (vs. 2.64+/-0.54 l) in Hi-Lo and 2.62+/-0.57 l (vs. 2.87 +/- 0.59 l) in controls. At that time, neither VO(2max) nor T(exh) were improved by Hi-Lo, VO(2max) being non-significantly decreased by 2.0% (controls) and 3.7% (Hi-Lo). The present results suggest that increasing the altitude up to 3,500 m during Hi-Lo stimulates erythropoiesis but does not confer any advantage for maximal O2 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robach
- Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme, 35, route du Bouchet, 74401, Chamonix, France.
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Schmitt L, Millet G, Robach P, Nicolet G, Brugniaux JV, Fouillot JP, Richalet JP. Influence of "living high-training low" on aerobic performance and economy of work in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97:627-36. [PMID: 16770568 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the effects of "living high-training low" (Hi-Lo) on aerobic performance and economy of work in elite athletes. Forty endurance athletes (cross-country skiers, swimmers, runners) performed 13-18 consecutive days of training at 1,200 m altitude, by sleeping at 1,200 m (LL, n = 20) or in hypoxic rooms with 5-6 nights at 2,500 m followed by 8-12 nights at 3,000-3,500 m (HL, n = 20). The athletes were evaluated before (pre-), one (post-1) and 15 days (post-15) after Hi-Lo. Economy was assessed from two sub-maximal tests, one non-specific (cycling) and one specific (running or swimming). From pre- to post-1: V(O2)max increased both in HL (+ 7.8%, P < 0.01) and in LL (+ 3.3%, P < 0.05), peak power output (PPO) tended to increase more (P=0.06) in HL (+ 4.1%, P < 0.01) than in LL (+ 1.9%). At post-15, V(O2)max has returned to pre-values in both groups, PPO increased more (P < 0.05) in HL (+ 8.3%, P < 0.01) than in LL (+ 3.8%), V(O2) and power at respiratory compensation point (RCP) increased more (P < 0.05) in HL (+ 9.5%, P < 0.01 and + 11.2%, P < 0.01) than in LL (+ 3.2 and + 3.3%). Cycling mechanical efficiency (8-5%) and economy during specific locomotion (7-7%) increased (P < 0.05) in both groups. This study shows that, for a similar increase in V(O2)max HL had a greater increase in PPO than LL. The efficiency of Hi-Lo is also evidenced 15 days later by higher V(O2) and power at RCP. This study emphasizes that during the post-altitude period, economy of work greatly increases in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Schmitt
- Université Paris 13, EA2363, ARPE, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
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Robach P, Schmitt L, Brugniaux JV, Roels B, Millet G, Hellard P, Nicolet G, Duvallet A, Fouillot JP, Moutereau S, Lasne F, Pialoux V, Olsen NV, Richalet JP. Living high–training low: effect on erythropoiesis and aerobic performance in highly-trained swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 96:423-33. [PMID: 16328191 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The "living high-training low" model (LHTL), i.e., training in normoxia but sleeping/living in hypoxia, is designed to improve the athletes performance. However, LHTL efficacy still remains controversial and also little is known about the duration of its potential benefit. This study tested whether LHTL enhances aerobic performance in athletes, and if any positive effect may last for up to 2 weeks after LHTL intervention. Eighteen swimmers trained for 13 days at 1,200 m while sleeping/living at 1,200 m in ambient air (control, n=9) or in hypoxic rooms (LHTL, n=9, 5 days at simulated altitude of 2,500 m followed by 8 days at simulated altitude of 3,000 m, 16 h day(-1)). Measures were done before 1-2 days (POST-1) and 2 weeks after intervention (POST-15). Aerobic performance was assessed from two swimming trials, exploring .VO(2max) and endurance performance (2,000-m time trial), respectively. Reticulocyte, serum EPO and soluble transferrin receptor responses were not altered by LHTL, whereas reticulocytes decreased in controls. In POST-1 (vs. before): red blood cell volume increased in LHTL only (+8.5%, P=0.03), .VO(2max) tended to increase more in LHTL (+8.1%, P=0.09) than in controls (+2.5%, P=0.21) without any difference between groups (P=0.42) and 2,000-m performance was unchanged with LHTL. In POST-15, both performance and hematological parameters were similar to initial levels. Our results indicate that LHTL may stimulate red cell production, without any concurrent amelioration of aerobic performance. The absence of any prolonged benefit after LHTL suggests that this LHTL model cannot be recommended for long-term purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robach
- Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme, 35 route du Bouchet, 74401 Chamonix, France
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Cornolo J, Brugniaux JV, Macarlupu JL, Privat C, León-Velarde F, Richalet JP. Autonomic Adaptations in Andean Trained Participants to a 4220-m Altitude Marathon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37:2148-53. [PMID: 16331143 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000179901.19280.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both training and chronic hypoxia act on the autonomic nervous system. Because trained Andean high-altitude natives could perform a high-altitude marathon (4220 m above sea level) in 02:27:23 h, we hypothesized that living in chronic hypoxia does not limit the training-induced benefits on the autonomic modulation of the heart. METHODS Trained (N=13) and sedentary (N=11) Andean high-altitude natives performed an active orthostatic test. Eight of the trained subjects repeated the test 6-8 and 20-24 h after the end of a high-altitude marathon. Resting heart rate (HR) and the autonomic modulation of the heart were assessed by time domain and spectral analysis of HR variability (HRV): sympathetic (RR low frequency (LF)) and parasympathetic (RR high frequency (HF)) modulations, and sympathovagal balance (RR-LF:HF ratio). RESULTS Trained subjects exhibited a higher total power of HRV and a lower resting HR (+30%, P<0.005) than sedentary subjects secondary to a higher and dominant parasympathetic modulation on sympathetic activity (RR-HF, RR-LF:HF ratio). At 6-8 h after the marathon, total power of HRV decreased (-69%), whereas resting HR increased from basal level (+22%), mainly because of a rise in sympathetic modulation (RR-LF, RR-LF:HF ratio). From 8 to 24 h of recovery, sympathetic modulation fell (RR-LF, RR-LF:HF ratio) and all HRV parameters were restored. Responses to the active standing position did not change between each recording session. CONCLUSION Living in chronic hypoxia does not limit the training-induced benefits on the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in Andean high-altitude natives. The sympathetic predominance on the heart observed 6-8 h after the high-altitude marathon disappeared after 1 d of recovery. Therefore, living at high altitude does not impair the autonomic response to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Cornolo
- University Paris 13, ARPE, Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Responses to Hypoxia, Bobigny, FRANCE
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Brugniaux JV, Schmitt L, Robach P, Jeanvoine H, Zimmermann H, Nicolet G, Duvallet A, Fouillot JP, Richalet JP. Living high-training low: tolerance and acclimatization in elite endurance athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 96:66-77. [PMID: 16307279 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The "living high-training low" (LHTL) model is frequently used to enhance aerobic performance. However, the clinical tolerance and acclimatization process to this intermittent exposure needs to be examined. Forty one athletes from three federations (cross-country skiers, n=11; swimmers, n=18; runners, n=12) separately performed a 13 to 18-day training at the altitude of 1,200 m, by sleeping either at 1,200 m (CON) or in hypoxic rooms (HYP), with an O2 fraction corresponding to 2,500 m (5 nights for swimmers and 6 for skiers and runners), 3,000 m (6 nights for skiers, 8 for swimmers and 12 for runners) and 3,500 m (6 nights for skiers). Measurements performed before, 1 or 15 days after training were ventilatory response (HVRe) and desaturation (deltaSaO2e) during hypoxic exercise, an evaluation of cardiac function by echocardiography, and leukocyte count. Lake Louise AMS score and arterial O2 saturation during sleep were measured daily for HYP. Subjects did not develop symptoms of AMS. Mean nocturnal SaO2 decreased with altitude down to 90% at 3,500 m and increased with acclimatization (except at 3,500 m). Leukocyte count was not affected except at 3,500 m. The heart function was not affected by LHTL. Signs of ventilatory acclimatization were present immediately after training (increased HVRe and decreased deltaSaO2e) and had disappeared 15 days later. In conclusion, LHTL was well tolerated and compatible with aerobic training. Comparison of the three patterns of training suggests that a LHTL session should not exceed 3,000 m, for at least 18 days, with a minimum of 12 h day(-1) of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien V Brugniaux
- Laboratoire Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie EA2363, ARPE, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.
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Brugniaux JV, Schmitt L, Robach P, Nicolet G, Fouillot JP, Moutereau S, Lasne F, Pialoux V, Saas P, Chorvot MC, Cornolo J, Olsen NV, Richalet JP. Eighteen days of "living high, training low" stimulate erythropoiesis and enhance aerobic performance in elite middle-distance runners. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 100:203-11. [PMID: 16179396 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00808.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of "living high, training low" (LHTL) remains controversial, despite its wide utilization. This study aimed to verify whether maximal and/or submaximal aerobic performance were modified by LHTL and whether these effects persist for 15 days after returning to normoxia. Last, we tried to elucidate whether the mechanisms involved were only related to changes in oxygen-carrying capacity. Eleven elite middle-distance runners were tested before (Pre), at the end (Post1), and 15 days after the end (Post2) of an 18-day LHTL session. Hypoxic group (LHTL, n = 5) spent 14 h/day in hypoxia (6 nights at 2,500 m and 12 nights at 3,000 m), whereas the control group (CON, n = 6) slept in normoxia (1,200 m). Both LHTL and CON trained at 1,200 m. Maximal oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic power were improved at Post1 and Post2 for LHTL only (+7.1 and +3.4% for maximal oxygen uptake, +8.4 and +4.7% for maximal aerobic power, respectively). Similarly oxygen uptake and ventilation at ventilatory threshold increased in LHTL only (+18.1 and +12.2% at Post1, +15.9 and +15.4% at Post2, respectively). Heart rate during a 10-min run at 19.5 km/h decreased for LHTL at Post2 (-4.4%). Despite the stimulation of erythropoiesis in LHTL shown by the 27.4% increase in serum transferrin receptor and the 10.1% increase in total hemoglobin mass, red cell volume was not significantly increased at Post1 (+9.2%, not significant). Therefore, both maximal and submaximal aerobic performance in elite runners were increased by LHTL mainly linked to an improvement in oxygen transport in early return to normoxia and probably to other process at Post2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien V Brugniaux
- Université Paris 13, Laboratoire Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie, Bobigny, France.
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Cornolo J, Mollard P, Brugniaux JV, Robach P, Richalet JP. Autonomic control of the cardiovascular system during acclimatization to high altitude: effects of sildenafil. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97:935-40. [PMID: 15145924 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute hypoxia and sildenafil may influence autonomic control through transient cardiovascular effects. In a double-blind study, we investigated whether sildenalfil (Sil) could interfere with cardiovascular effects of hypoxia. Twelve healthy men [placebo (Pla) n = 6; Sil, n = 6] were exposed to an altitude of 4,350 m during 6 days. Treatment was continuously administered from 6 to 8 h after arrival at altitude (3 × 40 mg/day). The autonomic control on the heart was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep at sea level (SL) and between day 1–2 and day 5–6 in hypoxia. Arterial pressure (AP) and total peripheral resistances (TPR) were obtained during daytime. There was no statistical difference between groups in HRV, AP, and TPR throughout the study. Hypoxia induced a decrease in R-R interval and an increase in AP in both groups. Low frequency-to-high frequency ratio increased at day 1–2 (Pla, P = 0.04; Sil, P = 0.02) and day 5–6 (Pla and Sil, P = 0.04) vs. SL, whereas normalized high-frequency power decreased only in Pla ( P = 0.04, day 1–2 vs. SL). Normalized low-frequency power increased at high altitude (Pla and Sil, P = 0.04, day 5–6 vs. SL). TPR decreased at day 2 in Pla ( P = 0.02) and tended to normalize at day 6 ( P = 0.07, day 6 vs. day 2). Acute hypoxia induced a decrease in parasympathetic and increase in sympathetic tone, which tended to be reversed with acclimatization. Sil had no deleterious effects on the cardiovascular response to high-altitude exposure and its control by the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Cornolo
- Laboratoire Réponses Cellulaires et Fonctionnelles à l'Hypoxie, Université Paris 13, 93017 Bobigny, France
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