1
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Ueda K, Kumari R, Schwenger E, Wheat JC, Bohorquez O, Narayanagari SR, Taylor SJ, Carvajal LA, Pradhan K, Bartholdy B, Todorova TI, Goto H, Sun D, Chen J, Shan J, Song Y, Montagna C, Xiong S, Lozano G, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J, Verma A, Steidl U. MDMX acts as a pervasive preleukemic-to-acute myeloid leukemia transition mechanism. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:529-547.e7. [PMID: 33667384 PMCID: PMC8575661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MDMX is overexpressed in the vast majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report that MDMX overexpression increases preleukemic stem cell (pre-LSC) number and competitive advantage. Utilizing five newly generated murine models, we found that MDMX overexpression triggers progression of multiple chronic/asymptomatic preleukemic conditions to overt AML. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies revealed that MDMX overexpression exerts this function, unexpectedly, through activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in pre-LSCs. Mechanistically, MDMX binds CK1α and leads to accumulation of β-Catenin in a p53-independent manner. Wnt/β-Catenin inhibitors reverse MDMX-induced pre-LSC properties, and synergize with MDMX-p53 inhibitors. Wnt/β-Catenin signaling correlates with MDMX expression in patients with preleukemic myelodysplastic syndromes and is associated with increased risk of progression to AML. Our work identifies MDMX overexpression as a pervasive preleukemic-to-AML transition mechanism in different genetically driven disease subtypes, and reveals Wnt/β-Catenin as a non-canonical MDMX-driven pathway with therapeutic potential for progression prevention and cancer interception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rajni Kumari
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Emily Schwenger
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Justin C Wheat
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Oliver Bohorquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Swathi-Rao Narayanagari
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Stem Cell Isolation and Xenotransplantation Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Samuel J Taylor
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Luis A Carvajal
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Boris Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tihomira I Todorova
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daqian Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Stem Cell Isolation and Xenotransplantation Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jidong Shan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yinghui Song
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Amit Verma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Blood Cancer Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Blood Cancer Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Wheat JC, Sella Y, Willcockson M, Skoultchi AI, Bergman A, Singer RH, Steidl U. Single-molecule imaging of transcription dynamics in somatic stem cells. Nature 2020; 583:431-436. [PMID: 32581360 PMCID: PMC8577313 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular noise is a natural phenomenon inherent to all biological systems1,2. How stochastic processes give rise to the robust outcomes supportive of tissue homeostasis is a conundrum. Here, to quantitatively investigate this issue, we use single-molecule mRNA FISH (smFISH) on stem cells derived from hematopoietic tissue to measure the transcription dynamics of three key transcription factor (TF) genes: PU.1, Gata1 and Gata2. Our results indicate that infrequent, stochastic bursts of transcription result in the co-expression of these antagonistic TF in the majority of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, by pairing smFISH to time-lapse microscopy and the analysis of pedigrees, we find that while individual stem cell clones produce offspring that are in transcriptionally related states, akin to a transcriptional priming phenomenon, the underlying transition dynamics between states are nevertheless best captured by stochastic and reversible models. As such, the outcome of a stochastic process can produce cellular behaviors that may be incorrectly inferred to have arisen from deterministic dynamics. In light of our findings, we propose a model whereby the intrinsic stochasticity of gene expression facilitates, rather than impedes, concomitant maintenance of transcriptional plasticity and stem cell robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wheat
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yehonatan Sella
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Willcockson
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur I Skoultchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aviv Bergman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Janelia Research Campus of the HHMI, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Carvajal LA, Neriah DB, Senecal A, Benard L, Thiruthuvanathan V, Yatsenko T, Narayanagari SR, Wheat JC, Todorova TI, Mitchell K, Kenworthy C, Guerlavais V, Annis DA, Bartholdy B, Will B, Anampa JD, Mantzaris I, Aivado M, Singer RH, Coleman RA, Verma A, Steidl U. Dual inhibition of MDMX and MDM2 as a therapeutic strategy in leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/436/eaao3003. [PMID: 29643228 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is often inactivated via its interaction with endogenous inhibitors mouse double minute 4 homolog (MDM4 or MDMX) or mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), which are frequently overexpressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers. Pharmacological disruption of both of these interactions has long been sought after as an attractive strategy to fully restore p53-dependent tumor suppressor activity in cancers with wild-type p53. Selective targeting of this pathway has thus far been limited to MDM2-only small-molecule inhibitors, which lack affinity for MDMX. We demonstrate that dual MDMX/MDM2 inhibition with a stapled α-helical peptide (ALRN-6924), which has recently entered phase I clinical testing, produces marked antileukemic effects. ALRN-6924 robustly activates p53-dependent transcription at the single-cell and single-molecule levels and exhibits biochemical and molecular biological on-target activity in leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Dual MDMX/MDM2 inhibition by ALRN-6924 inhibits cellular proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cell lines and primary AML patient cells, including leukemic stem cell-enriched populations, and disrupts functional clonogenic and serial replating capacity. Furthermore, ALRN-6924 markedly improves survival in AML xenograft models. Our study provides mechanistic insight to support further testing of ALRN-6924 as a therapeutic approach in AML and other cancers with wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Carvajal
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniela Ben Neriah
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adrien Senecal
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lumie Benard
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Tatyana Yatsenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Swathi-Rao Narayanagari
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Justin C Wheat
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tihomira I Todorova
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Charles Kenworthy
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Boris Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Britta Will
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jesus D Anampa
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ioannis Mantzaris
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert A Coleman
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. .,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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4
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Xing S, Shao P, Li F, Zhao X, Seo W, Wheat JC, Ramasamy S, Wang J, Li X, Peng W, Yu S, Liu C, Taniuchi I, Sweetser DA, Xue HH. Tle corepressors are differentially partitioned to instruct CD8 + T cell lineage choice and identity. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2211-2226. [PMID: 30045946 PMCID: PMC6080905 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xing et al demonstrate the requirements for Tle transcriptional corepressors in CD8+ T cell development. Tle proteins are differentially partitioned to the Runx and Tcf/Lef complexes to promote CD8+ lineage choice and establish CD8+ T cell identity, respectively. Tle/Groucho proteins are transcriptional corepressors interacting with Tcf/Lef and Runx transcription factors, but their physiological roles in T cell development remain unknown. Conditional targeting of Tle1, Tle3 and Tle4 revealed gene dose–dependent requirements for Tle proteins in CD8+ lineage cells. Upon ablating all three Tle proteins, generation of CD8+ T cells was greatly diminished, largely owing to redirection of MHC-I–selected thymocytes to CD4+ lineage; the remaining CD8-positive T cells showed aberrant up-regulation of CD4+ lineage-associated genes including Cd4, Thpok, St8sia6, and Foxp3. Mechanistically, Tle3 bound to Runx-occupied Thpok silencer, in post-selection double-positive thymocytes to prevent excessive ThPOK induction and in mature CD8+ T cells to silence Thpok expression. Tle3 also bound to Tcf1-occupied sites in a few CD4+ lineage-associated genes, including Cd4 silencer and St8sia6 introns, to repress their expression in mature CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that Tle corepressors are differentially partitioned to Runx and Tcf/Lef complexes to instruct CD8+ lineage choice and cooperatively establish CD8+ T cell identity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Fengyin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wooseok Seo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Justin C Wheat
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Selvi Ramasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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5
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Wheat JC, Steidl U. Linking histone methylation, transcription rates, and stem cell robustness. Haematologica 2018; 103:1093. [PMID: 29970491 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.196089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wheat
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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6
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Wheat JC, Steidl U. ETO2-GLIS2: A Chimeric Transcription Factor Drives Leukemogenesis through a Neomorphic Transcription Network. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:307-308. [PMID: 28292433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a heterogeneous disease with a relatively poorly understood pathogenesis. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Thirant and colleagues systematically examine unique transcriptional and functional effects of ETO2-GLIS2, an oncogenic fusion protein frequently encountered in AMKL, and elucidate a therapeutic vulnerability in this poor-prognosis leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wheat
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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7
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Abstract
In recent years, advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have provided the opportunity to detect putative genetic drivers of disease, particularly cancers, with very high sensitivity. This knowledge has substantially improved our understanding of tumor pathogenesis. In hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, pioneering work combining multi-parameter flow cytometry and targeted resequencing in leukemia have clearly shown that different classes of mutations appear to be acquired in particular sequences along the hematopoietic differentiation hierarchy. Moreover, as these mutations can be found in “normal” cells recovered during remission and can be detected at relapse, there is strong evidence for the existence of “pre-leukemic” stem cells (pre-LSC). These cells, while phenotypically normal by flow cytometry, morphology, and functional studies, are speculated to be molecularly poised to transform owing to a limited number of predisposing mutations. Identifying these “pre-leukemic” mutations and how they propagate a pre-malignant state has important implications for understanding the etiology of these disorders and for the development of novel therapeutics. NGS studies have found a substantial enrichment for mutations in epigenetic/chromatin remodeling regulators in pre-LSC, and elegant genetic models have confirmed that these mutations can predispose to a variety of hematological malignancies. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of pre-leukemic biology in myeloid malignancies, and how mutations in two key epigenetic regulators, DNMT3A and TET2, may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Sato
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Justin C Wheat
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Einstein Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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8
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Wheat JC, Krause DS, Shin TH, Chen X, Wang J, Ding D, Yamin R, Sweetser DA. The corepressor Tle4 is a novel regulator of murine hematopoiesis and bone development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105557. [PMID: 25153823 PMCID: PMC4143290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process that relies on various cell types, signaling pathways, transcription factors and a specific niche. The integration of these various components is of critical importance to normal blood development, as deregulation of these may lead to bone marrow failure or malignancy. Tle4, a transcriptional corepressor, acts as a tumor suppressor gene in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia, yet little is known about its function in normal and malignant hematopoiesis or in mammalian development. We report here that Tle4 knockout mice are runted and die at around four weeks with defects in bone development and BM aplasia. By two weeks of age, Tle4 knockout mice exhibit leukocytopenia, B cell lymphopenia, and significant reductions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Tle4 deficient hematopoietic stem cells are intrinsically defective in B lymphopoiesis and exhaust upon stress, such as serial transplantation. In the absence of Tle4 there is a profound decrease in bone mineralization. In addition, Tle4 knockout stromal cells are defective at maintaining wild-type hematopoietic stem cell function in vitro. In summary, we illustrate a novel and essential role for Tle4 in the extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of hematopoiesis and in bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Wheat
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniela S. Krause
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dacheng Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rae’e Yamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Gruber A, Chen I, Kuhen KL, Wheat JC, Law P, Wong-Staal F. Generation of dendritic cells from lentiviral vector-transduced CD34+ cells from HIV+ donors. J Med Virol 2003; 70:183-6. [PMID: 12696103 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells hold promise as adjuvant for immunotherapy for cancer and infectious diseases. We demonstrate that a significant number of cryopreserved peripheral blood CD34(+) cells from HIV-infected subjects can be transduced with a replication-incompetent lentiviral vector expressing HIV antigens. In addition, untransduced and transduced CD34(+) cells from HIV-infected individuals were able to differentiate into dendritic cells with strong T-cell stimulatory capacity. Thus, cryopreserved CD34(+) cells from HIV-infected subjects may prove useful for immunotherapy for HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gruber
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Gruber A, Wheat JC, Kuhen KL, Looney DJ, Wong-Staal F. Differential effects of HIV-1 protease inhibitors on dendritic cell immunophenotype and function. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:47840-3. [PMID: 11602580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105582200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings show that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease inhibitors designed to specifically inhibit the aspartic protease of HIV-1 nonetheless exert various effects on immune cell function in vitro and in vivo. Dendritic cells (DC), central players of the immune system, express several aspartic proteases that are important for DC function. In the present study, we demonstrate that all of the HIV-1 protease inhibitors tested affect DC maturation. In addition, saquinavir had a strong inhibitory effect on the T-cell stimulatory capacity of mature DC. In contrast, indinavir had only a slight effect on DC induced T-cell proliferation and allowed efficient transduction of DC with a replication-incompetent HIV-1 vector designed for DC-based immunotherapy. HIV-1 protease inhibitors that have little or no effect on DC function may be preferable for combination with immunotherapy for HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gruber
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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