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Gelpí-Acosta C, Pouget ER, Reilly KH, Hagan H, Neaigus A, Wendel T, Marshall D. Time Since Migration and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Puerto Ricans Who Inject Drugs in New York City. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:870-81. [PMID: 27100322 PMCID: PMC4862909 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1155616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, those who initiated drug injection in Puerto Rico (immigrant Puerto Rican PWID) engage in more injection and sexual risk behaviors, and have higher HIV incidence than non-Hispanic whites. OBJECTIVE Understand the persistence of these HIV behaviors. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in New York City (NYC) in 2012 (National HIV Behavioral Surveillance), PWID aged ≥18 years were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling, interviewed, and tested for HIV. Participants were categorized into 5 different groups: (1) US-born non-Hispanic PWID, (2) US-born Puerto Rican PWID, (3) recent immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (≤3 years in NYC), (4) medium-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>3 and ≤10 years in NYC), and (5) long-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>10 years in NYC). We examined the relationship between time since migrating on sexual and injection risk behaviors among immigrant Puerto Rican PWID, compared with U.S.-born Puerto Rican PWID and US-born non-Hispanic PWID. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 481 PWID were recruited. In adjusted analyses using US-born non-Hispanic PWID as the comparison group, syringe sharing was significantly more likely among medium-term immigrants; and unprotected sex with casual partners was more likely among recent and long-term immigrants. CONCLUSIONS The risk-acculturation process for immigrant Puerto Rican PWID may be nonlinear and may not necessarily lead to risk reduction over time. Research is needed to better understand this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gelpí-Acosta
- LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue C-459-VV, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S
| | - ER Pouget
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23 Street, 4 Floor, New York, NY 10010, U.S
| | - KH Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, HIV Epidemiology and Field Services Program, Gotham Center 42-09 28 Street, 22 Floor, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S
| | - H Hagan
- College of Nursing, New York University, 726 Broadway, 10th floor, New York, NY 10003, U.S
| | - A Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, U.S
| | - T Wendel
- Saint Ann’s Corner of Harm Reduction, 886 Westchester Ave, Bronx, NY 10459, U.S
| | - D Marshall
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA 10019-1093, U.S
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Marshall DM, Hagan H. Factors associated with recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men in New York City. AIDS Behav 2014; 18 Suppl 3:297-304. [PMID: 23605156 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-013-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors associated with recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) is important for designing interventions to increase testing rates and link cases to care. A cross-sectional study of MSM was conducted in NYC in 2011 using venue-based sampling. Associations between HIV testing in the past 12 months and relevant variables were examined through the estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Of 448 participants, 107 (23.9 %) had not been tested in the past 12 months. Factors independently associated with not testing in the previous 12 months were: lack of a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 12 months (aPR: 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.9, 3.2); age ≥30 (adjusted PR: 1.9; 95 % CI: 1.4, 2.7); not having completed a bachelor's degree (aPR: 1.6; 95 % CI: 1.0, 2.4); and non-gay sexual identity (aPR: 1.4; 95 % CI: 1.0, 1.8); such MSM may be less aware of the need for frequent HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Reilly
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA,
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Wang H, Reilly KH, Smith MK, Brown K, Jin X, Xu J, Ding G, Zang C, Wang J, Wang N. Herpes simplex virus type 2 incidence and associated risk factors among female sex workers in a high HIV-prevalence area of China. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24:441-6. [PMID: 23970745 DOI: 10.1177/0956462412472800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can contribute to the spread of HIV. From March 2006 to November 2009, female sex workers (FSWs) in Yunnan, China were recruited into an open cohort study to determine incidence and risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition. Participants were interviewed and tested for HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) every six months. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-dependent variables was used to measure associations with HSV-2 acquisition. In 3.5 years, 83 incident cases of HSV-2 infection were diagnosed, yielding an overall incidence of 21.9 per 100 person years (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8-26.3). Working in higher risk commercial sex venues, current Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, age of sexual debut <18 years and lack of a regular sex partner were independent factors associated with HSV-2 acquisition. The high incidence of HSV-2 suggests that prevention methods for HIV/STI control are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the trends in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-27.49 kg m(-2) ), general obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg m(-2) ) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) among Chinese adults from 1993 to 2009. Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which was conducted from 1993 to 2009 and included a total of 52,621 Chinese adults. During the period of 1993-2009, mean BMI values increased by 1.6 kg m(-2) among men and 0.8 kg m(-2) among women; mean WC values increased by 7.0 cm among men and 4.7 cm among women. The prevalence of overweight increased from 8.0 to 17.1% among men (P < 0.001) and from 10.7 to 14.4% among women (P < 0.001); the prevalence of general obesity increased from 2.9 to 11.4% among men (P < 0.001) and from 5.0 to 10.1% among women (P < 0.001); the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 8.5 to 27.8% among men (P < 0.001) and from 27.8 to 45.9% among women (P < 0.001). Similar significant trends were observed in nearly all age groups and regions for both men and women. The prevalence of overweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults has increased greatly during the past 17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yun K, Xu JJ, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Jiang YJ, Wang N, Shang H. Prevalence of bisexual behaviour among bridge population of men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87:563-70. [PMID: 21954278 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate the empirical estimates of bisexual behaviour among the bridge population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China and their HIV and syphilis prevalences stratified by sexual behaviour. METHODS The Pubmed, Chinese Biomedical, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang and Google Scholar databases were searched to January 2011 to identify relevant articles. Data of eligible citations were extracted by two reviewers. All analyses were performed using Stata 10.0. RESULTS Forty-nine articles (including 28 739 MSM subjects) met the selection criteria. Aggregated findings indicated that the estimated prevalence of bisexual behaviour among MSM in China is 31.2% (95% CI 28.1% to 34.5%). HIV and syphilis prevalences were 5.4% and 11.4%, respectively, among MSM engaging in bisexual behaviour and 3.8% and 9.3% among MSM only having sex with men. HIV prevalence among MSM engaging in sex with both men and women was significantly higher than in those who only have sex with men (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.62; p=0.02). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of bisexual behaviour among MSM in China and bisexual behaviour is significantly associated with increased HIV infection risk. The results of this meta-analysis highlight a critical pattern of HIV transmission among MSM in China and indicate that targeted interventions aimed at encouraging safe sex practices and promoting societal and family acceptance of MSM are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yun
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, ShenYang 110001, China
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Jun-Jie X, Ke Y, Reilly KH, Jing Z, Yong-Jun J, Hong S. P1-184 A meta-analysis of the prevalence of HIV/syphilis among Chinese bisexual men who have sex with men (MSM). Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976d.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jin X, Chan S, Ding G, Wang H, Xu J, Wang G, Chang D, Reilly KH, Wang N. Prevalence and risk behaviours for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among female sex workers in an HIV/AIDS high-risk area. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:80-4. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - S Chan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - G Ding
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - H Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - J Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immunology of AIDS, Ministry of Health, First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - G Wang
- Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Yunnan Province, PRChina
| | - D Chang
- Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Yunnan Province, PRChina
| | - K H Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - N Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
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Hu YH, Reilly KH, Liang YJ, Xi B, Liu JT, Xu DJ, Yan YK, Xie B, Li XY. Increase in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio is Associated with High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents in China. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:23-32. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the association between blood pressure (BP) and obesity in 1145 Chinese children and adolescents (608 males, 537 females) using data from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity was diagnosed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Analysis of variance was used to analyse the difference in BP among different subgroups. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. The prevalence of high systolic and diastolic BP increased directly with corresponding increments in BMI, WC and WHtR, although the prevalence and OR of high BP were higher when increased BMI was combined with WC (OR 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79, 6.41) or WHtR (OR 3.28; 95% CI 1.71, 6.30). In conclusion, increased BMI, WC and WHtR were directly associated with high BP in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Hu
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - KH Reilly
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Y-J Liang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - B Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J-T Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - D-J Xu
- Laboratory Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y-K Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - B Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - X-Y Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
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