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Sarotra P, Dutta U, Gupta H, Kartha KPR, Kochhar R, Prakash A, Sarma P, Shah J, Medhi B. Simultaneous determination of lactulose, sucrose, sucralose, and mannitol using high-performance liquid chromatography-refractive index to estimate intestinal permeability in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:270-277. [PMID: 36204810 PMCID: PMC9804120 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_90_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intestinal permeability (IP) of sugars and their derivatives has been widely used to assess mucosal damage in gastrointestinal diseases. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurring and relapsing disease that causes inflammation of the gut. IP of sugars can be evaluated and correlated with the flare of UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 91 patients with active UC at the tertiary care center in North India. Mayo grading system assessed disease activity, and IP was assessed by measuring sucrose, lactulose, mannitol, and sucralose in urine samples from UC patients. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to detect all of these sugars simultaneously using a refractive index detector was developed and further validated in patients with UC. RESULTS The analytical recovery rate of the tested sugars ranged from 95% to 146% in the urine matrix. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 78.838 mg/L and 262.79 mg/L for sucrose, 84.994 mg/L and 283.31 mg/L for lactulose, 74.789 mg/L and 249.30 mg/L for mannitol, and 50.908 mg/L and 169.69 mg/L for sucralose. CONCLUSION The standardized HPLC method is sensitive and suitable for the simultaneous detection and determination of different sugar moieties in the urine sample. Patients with UC can be evaluated indirectly for the flare by estimating the recovery rate of sugars through gut permeability. The procedure is noninvasive and thus improves the quality of life of chronically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sarotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India,Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hina Gupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jimil Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Bikash Medhi, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. E-mail:
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Ahmad F, Sarder A, Gour R, Karna SKL, Arora P, Kartha KPR, Pokharel YR. Inhibition of prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) by anhydrodihydroartemisinin (ADHA) through caspase-dependent pathway. EXCLI J 2020; 19:613-619. [PMID: 32483407 PMCID: PMC7257247 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases characterized by the growth of abnormal cells, which is the second leading cause of death globally. To treat cancer, currently, a number of anticancer drugs belonging to various classes chemically are available. The discovery of artemisinin and its derivatives such as artesunate, arteether, and artemether became a milestone in the cure for malaria. Here, we report the anti-cancer property of anhydrodihydroartemisinin (ADHA) - a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin against prostate cancer cell line PC-3. ADHA was found to be inhibiting growth of PC-3 cells. ADHA was also found to be inhibiting migration of PC-3 cells. At molecular level, ADHA was found to be inhibiting the expression of c-Jun, p-c-Jun, p-Akt and NF-κB and activated caspase 3 and 7. The results show that ADHA like few other artemisinin derivatives hold potential to be used as an anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Amit Sarder
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Rajesh Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | | | - Priya Arora
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
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Sharma K, Joseph JP, Sahu A, Yadav N, Tyagi M, Singh A, Pal A, Kartha KPR. Supramolecular gels from sugar-linked triazole amphiphiles for drug entrapment and release for topical application. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19819-19827. [PMID: 35519397 PMCID: PMC9065371 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple molecular framework obtained by cross-linking a hydrophobic chain with S,S- and R,R-tetritol by the copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction is found to serve as an excellent bioisostere for self-assembly. The hexadecyl-linked triazolyl tetritol composite spontaneously self-assembles in n-hepane and methanol to form hierarchical organogels. Microscopic analyses and X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate eventual formation of nanotubes through lamellar assembly of the amphiphiles. A rheological investigation shows solvent-dictated mechanical properties that obey power law behavior similar to other low molecular weight gelators (LMOGs). The gel network was then utilized for the entrapment of drugs e.g. ibuprofen and 5-fluorouracil, with tunable mechanical behaviour under applied stress. The differential release profiles of the drugs over a period of a few hours as a result of the relative spatio-temporal location in the supramolecular network can be utilized for topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar Punjab-160062 India
| | - Jojo P Joseph
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Phase 10, Sector 64 Mohali Punjab-160062 India http://www.twitter.com/pal_asish
| | - Adarsh Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar Punjab-160062 India
| | - Narender Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar Punjab-160062 India
| | - Mohit Tyagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar Punjab-160062 India
| | - Ashmeet Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Phase 10, Sector 64 Mohali Punjab-160062 India http://www.twitter.com/pal_asish
| | - Asish Pal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Phase 10, Sector 64 Mohali Punjab-160062 India http://www.twitter.com/pal_asish
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S. A. S. Nagar Punjab-160062 India
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Sharma A, Giri SK, Kartha KPR, Sangwan RS. Value-additive utilization of agro-biomass: preparation of cellulose triacetate directly from rice straw as well as other cellulosic materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient environmentally benign single-step procedure for the preparation of cellulose triacetate from cellulosics, including rice straw agro-biomass, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Sharma
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)
- Mohali-160071
- India
| | - Santosh Kumar Giri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- India
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Giri SK, Gour R, Kartha KPR. Diazepinium perchlorate: a neutral catalyst for mild, solvent-free acetylation of carbohydrates and other substances. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazepinium perchlorate-promoted acetylation of free as well as partially protected sugars, phenols, thiophenols, thiols, other alcohols and amines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Giri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- SAS Nagar
- India
| | - Rajesh Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- SAS Nagar
- India
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Kumar V, Yadav N, Kartha KPR. Synthetic multivalent ligands for cholera & cholera-like toxins: Protected cyclic neoglycopeptides. Carbohydr Res 2016; 431:47-55. [PMID: 27309341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a set of novel glycopeptide analogues as potential cholera/cholera-like toxin inhibitors in their protected form is described. They include di-, tri-, tetra- and pentavalent scaffolds. The synthetic steps were achieved using a combination of solvent-free mechanochemical as well as the conventional solution-phase reactions. During the conventional DIC-HOBt-mediated peptide coupling followed for the preparation of certain glycopeptide analogues an interesting in situ Fmoc deprotection was observed which has been demonstrated to hold potential for synthesiszing glycopeptides/neoglycopeptides with extended polyamide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Narender Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Kuppala R, Govindarajan M, Tambat R, Patel N, Nandanwar H, Bhutani KK, Kartha KPR. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of ricinoleic acid glycosides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of twenty-eight novel ricinoleic acid glycosides synthesized by Koenigs–Knorr glycosylation are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Kuppala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Mugunthan Govindarajan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Rushikesh Tambat
- Bioactive Screening Laboratory
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology
- Chandigarh-160036
- India
| | - Neeraj Patel
- Department of Natural Products
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Bioactive Screening Laboratory
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology
- Chandigarh-160036
- India
| | - Kamlesh K. Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - K. P. Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
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Tyagi M, Kartha KPR. Synthesis of glycotriazololipids and observations on their self-assembly properties. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:85-92. [PMID: 26114887 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various carbohydrate-anchored triazole-linked lipids prepared by solvent-free mechanochemical azide-alkyne click reaction, on analysis by TEM, have been found to spontaneously self-assemble in solvents leading to structures of interesting physicochemical attributes. Interestingly, analogous compounds based on different sugars (e.g., d-glucose, and d-galactose, as also d-lactose) assemble in patterns distinctly different from each other thus reiterating the fact that the structure of the sugar as well as that of the lipid are important factors that determine the size and shape of the supramolecular assembly formed. Besides, the molecular self-assembly was also found to be solvent-as well as temperature-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tyagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India.
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Kuppala R, Borrelli S, Slowski K, Sanders DAR, Ravindranathan Kartha KP, Pinto BM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nonionic substrate mimics of UDP-Galp as candidate inhibitors of UDP galactopyranose mutase (UGM). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1995-7. [PMID: 25819094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-[5-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucityl]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione and 1-[(5-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucityl]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione as non-ionic substrate mimics of UDP-Galp are described. UDP-Galp is a precursor of Galf, which is a primary component of the cell-wall glycans of several microorganisms. The interconversion of UDP-Galp and UDP-Galf is catalyzed by UDP galactopyranose mutase (UGM); its inhibition comprises a mode of compromising the microorganisms. The nonionic polyhydroxylated chain was intended to mimic the ionic pyrophosphate group and the ribose moiety in UDP-Galp and increase the bioavailabilities of the candidate inhibitors. Inhibition assays with UGM of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed only weak inhibition of the enzyme by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Kuppala
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Silvia Borrelli
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kathryn Slowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - David A R Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - B Mario Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Abstract
Acyl transfer reactions of various carbohydrates, alcohols, phenols, thiols and thiophenols were achieved at room temperature in high yields and catalytic efficiency in the presence of methane sulfonic acid, a green organic acid, under solvent-free conditions over short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Giri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- India
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Kumar V, Giri SK, Venugopalan P, Kartha KPR. Synthesis of Cross-Linked Glycopeptides and Ureas by a Mechanochemical, Solvent-Free Reaction and Determination of Their Structural Properties by TEM and X-ray Crystallography. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kumar V, Taxak N, Jangir R, Bharatam PV, Kartha KPR. In(III) triflate-mediated solvent-free synthesis and activation of thioglycosides by ball milling and structural analysis of long chain alkyl thioglycosides by TEM and quantum chemical methods. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3427-39. [PMID: 24669760 DOI: 10.1021/jo5001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional solution-phase synthesis of thioglycosides from glycosyl acetates and thiols in the presence of In(III) triflate as reported for benzyl thioglucoside failed when applied to the synthesis of phenolic and alkyl thioglycosides. But, it was achieved in high efficiency and diastereospecificity with ease by solvent-free grinding in a ball mill. The acetates in turn were also obtained by the homogenization of free sugars with stoichiometric amounts of acetic anhydride and catalytic In(OTf)3 in the mill as neat products. Per-O-benzylated thioglycosides on grinding with an acceptor sugar in the presence of In(OTf)3 yield the corresponding O-glycosides efficiently. The latter in the case of a difficult secondary alcohol was nearly exclusive (>98%) in 1,2-cis-selectivity. In contrast, the conventional methods for this purpose require use of a coreagent such as NIS along with the Lewis acid to help generate the electrophilic species that actually is responsible for the activation of the thioglycoside donor in situ. The distinctly different self-assembling features of the peracetylated octadecyl 1-thio-α- and β-D-galactopyranosides observed by TEM could be rationalized by molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Mugunthan G, Kartha KPR. A facile and convenient synthesis of disarmed glycosyl fluorides using in situ-generated iodine monofluoride (see Ref. 1). Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mugunthan G, Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Kartha KPR. Synthesis and Preliminary Screening ofO-β-D-Galactopyranosides as Potential Mimic of UDP-GalpagainstMycobacterium tuberculosis. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.654017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mugunthan G, Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Ravindranathan Kartha KP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of sugar-derived chiral nitroimidazoles as potential antimycobacterial agents. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1760-6. [PMID: 21714959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nitroimidazoles were synthesized using sugars as the chiral source. The synthesized compounds showed promising antimycobacterial property with MIC value in the range 6.25-12.5μg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mugunthan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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Mugunthan G, Ramakrishna K, Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Ravindranathan Kartha KP. Synthesis and screening of galactose-linked nitroimidazoles and triazoles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4725-32. [PMID: 21664731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of galactose-linked nitroimidazoles/triazoles were synthesised and screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv. Preliminary results were promising with MIC values in the range 1.56-12.5 μg/mL. Most importantly they are active under aerobic condition under which metronidazole is inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mugunthan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Harrison JA, Kartha KPR, Fournier EJL, Lowary TL, Malet C, Nilsson UJ, Hindsgaul O, Schenkman S, Naismith JH, Field RA. Probing the acceptor substrate binding site of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase with systematically modified substrates and glycoside libraries. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1653-60. [PMID: 21253654 PMCID: PMC3315775 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systematically modified octyl galactosides and octyl N-acetyllactosamines were assessed as inhibitors of, and substrates for, T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) in the context of exploring its acceptor substrate binding site. These studies show that TcTS, which catalyses the α-(2→3)-sialylation of non-reducing terminal β-galactose residues, is largely intolerant of substitution of the galactose 2 and 4 positions whereas substitution of the galactose 6 position is well tolerated. Further studies show that even the addition of a bulky sugar residue (glucose, galactose) does not impact negatively on TcTS binding and turnover, which highlights the potential of 'internal' 6-substituted galactose residues to serve as TcTS acceptor substrates. Results from screening a 93-membered thiogalactoside library highlight a number of structural features (notably imidazoles and indoles) that are worthy of further investigation in the context of TcTS inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Harrison
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK KY16 9ST
| | - K. P. Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector 67 , SAS Nagar , Punjab 160 062 , India
| | - Eric J. L. Fournier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Carles Malet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-22100 , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ole Hindsgaul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
- Carlsberg Laboratory , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10 , Valby-Copenhagen , DK-2500 , Denmark
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Department of Microbiology , Immunology and Parasitology , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Rua Botucatu 862 8 andar , 04023-062 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - James H. Naismith
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK KY16 9ST
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich , UK NR4 7TJ .
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Gadakh BK, Patil PR, Malik S, Kartha KPR. Novel Selectivity in Carbohydrate Reactions, IV: DABCO-Mediated Regioselective Primary Hydroxyl Protection of Carbohydrates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802656067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mugunthan G, Ravindranathan Kartha KP. Application of Ball Milling Technology to Carbohydrate Reactions‐II. Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Synthesis of Glycosyl Azides‡. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300802161897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Patil PR, Ravindranathan Kartha KP. Application of Ball Milling Technology to Carbohydrate Reactions: I. Regioselective Primary Hydroxyl Protection of Hexosides and Nucleoside by Planetary Ball Milling‡. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300802218713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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van Well RM, Kärkkäinen TS, Kartha KPR, Field RA. Contrasting reactivity of thioglucoside and selenoglucoside donors towards promoters: implications for glycosylation stereocontrol. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1391-7. [PMID: 16697999 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical outcome of glycosylation reactions with model thioglycosides and selenoglycosides proved to be dependent on the source of promoter iodonium ion, with iodine giving different results to N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) alone or N-iodosuccinimide/trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (NIS/TMSOTf). In contrast to armed thioglycosides, which anomerise, and disarmed thioglycosides, which do not react, both armed and disarmed selenoglycosides give rise to the corresponding glycosyl iodides when reacted with iodine. Further, whilst the single electron transfer agent DDQ alone is an ineffective promoter, in combination with iodine it produces better acetonitrile-assisted beta-stereoselectivity with both thioglycosides and selenoglycosides than does tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (BAHA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate M van Well
- Centre for Carbohydrate Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Abstract
Iodine vapour promotes thioglycoside-based glycosylation chemistry on TLC plates, which in turn permits in situ separation by conventional elution with solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Carbohydrate Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKNR4 7TJ
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Errey JC, Mukhopadhyay B, Kartha KPR, Field RA. Flexible enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic approaches to a broad range of uridine-diphospho-sugars. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:2706-7. [PMID: 15568077 DOI: 10.1039/b410184g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic approaches provide straightforward access to uridine diphospho sugars irrespective of the relative and absolute configuration of the sugar, its ring size and substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Errey
- Centre for Carbohydrate Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Mukhopadhyay B, Kartha KPR, Russell DA, Field RA. Streamlined Synthesis of Per-O-acetylated Sugars, Glycosyl Iodides, or Thioglycosides from Unprotected Reducing Sugars1. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7758-60. [PMID: 15498011 DOI: 10.1021/jo048890e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-free per-O-acetylation of sugars with stoichiometric acetic anhydride and catalytic iodine proceeds in high yield (90-99%) to give exclusively pyranose products as anomeric mixtures. Without workup, subsequent anomeric substitution employing iodine in the presence of hexamethyldisilane (i.e., TMS-I generated in situ) gives the corresponding glycosyl iodides in 75-95% isolated yield. Alternatively, and without workup, further treatment with dimethyl disulfide or thiol (ethanethiol or thiocresol) gives anomerically pure thioglycosides in more than 75% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Carbohydrate Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Ravindranathan Kartha KP, Mukhopadhyay B, Field RA. Practical de-O-acylation reactions promoted by molecular sieves. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:729-32. [PMID: 15013413 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2003] [Accepted: 11/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methanol dried extensively over molecular sieves, or methanol in combination with powdered molecular sieves, serves as a good acceptor for acyl transfer reactions. Several O-acetylated and O-benzoylated sugar derivatives were efficiently de-O-acylated using this approach. In the case of per-O-acetylated N-acetylglucosamine, selective anomeric deprotection could be effected in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Carvalho I, Scheuerl SL, Ravindranathan Kartha KP, Field RA. Practical synthesis of the 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucosides of Fmoc-serine and Fmoc-threonine and their benzyl esters. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1039-43. [PMID: 12706969 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercuric bromide-promoted glycosylation of Fmoc-Ser-OBn and Fmoc-Thr-OBn with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl chloride in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane gave the corresponding beta-glycosides in good yields (64 and 62%, respectively). Direct coupling of the commercially available Fmoc-Ser-OH and Fmoc-Thr-OH carboxylic acids under similar conditions gave the corresponding beta-glycosides, possessing free carboxyl groups, in moderate yields (50 and 40%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Ravindranathan Kartha KP, Kärkkäinen TS, Marsh SJ, Field RA. Iodine and its Interhalogen Compounds: Versatile Reagents in Carbohydrate Chemistry XIII. General Activation of `Armed' Glycosyl Donors. Synlett 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ravindranathan Kartha KP, Ballell L, Bilke J, McNeil M, Field RA. Iodine and its interhalogen compounds: versatile reagents in carbohydrate chemistry. XIV. Glycosylated amino acid synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b009682m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ravindranathan Kartha KP, Field RA. Iodine and its Interhalogen Compounds: Versatile Reagents in Carbohydrate Chemistry IX. A Mild and Selective Deprotection of tert-Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) Ethers in the Presence of Various Protecting Groups Using Iodine Monobromide. Synlett 1999. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kartha KPR, Field R. Iodine and Its Interhalogen Compounds: Versatile Reagents in Carbohydrate Chemistry V. Synthesis of 1,2-trans-Linked 1-Thioglycosides from the Per-O-acetylated Glycoses. J Carbohydr Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808002346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kartha KPR, Jennings H. Novel Selectivity in Carbohydrate Reactions Ii. Selective 6-O-Glycosylation of a Partially Protected Lactoside. J Carbohydr Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808002345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kartha KPR, Kiso M, Hasegawa A, Jennings HJ. Novel Selectivity in Carbohydrate Reactions III. Selective Deprotection of p-Methoxybenzyl (PMBn) Ethers of Carbohydrates by Tin(IV)Chloride. J Carbohydr Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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