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Pengsaa K, Na-Bangchang K, Limkittikul K, Kabkaew K, Lapphra K, Sirivichayakul C, Wisetsing P, Pojjaroen-Anant C, Chanthavanich P, Subchareon A. Pharmacokinetic investigation of albendazole and praziquantel in Thai children infected withGiardia intestinalis. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 98:349-57. [PMID: 15228716 DOI: 10.1179/000349804225003398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of albendazole/albendazole sulphoxide and praziquantel were investigated in Thai children with Giardia infection. Twenty school-age children were randomly allocated to receive either a single oral dose of albendazole (400 mg/child) or the same dose of albendazole given concurrently with a single oral dose of praziquantel (20 mg/kg). The concentrations of albendazole/albendazole sulphoxide and praziquantel in plasma samples, collected at intervals in the first 24 h post-treatment, were then quantified using HPLC with ultra-violet detection. No significant pharmacokinetic interaction between the albendazole and praziquantel was demonstrated. For albendazole sulphoxide, the active metabolite of albendazole, there was marked inter-individual variation in the maximum plasma concentration and the 'area under the curve'. The pharmacokinetics of albendazole sulphoxide were similar whether albendazole was given alone or in combination with praziquantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pengsaa
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Sirivichayakul C, Pojjaroen-anant C, Wisetsing P, Chanthavanich P, Praevanit R, Limkittikul K, Pengsaa K. A comparative trial of albendazole alone versus combination of albendazole and praziquantel for treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2001; 32:297-301. [PMID: 11556579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of albendazole alone and albendazole combined with praziquantel in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection. The drug regimens consisted of single dose of albendazole 400 mg (A1, n=34), 3 days of albendazole 400 mg daily (A3, n=34), 5 days of albendazole 400 mg daily (A5, n=35), single dose of albendazole 400 mg plus praziquantel 40 mg/kg (AIP1, n=34), and 3 days of albendazole 400 mg plus praziquantel 40 mg/kg daily (A3P3, n=36). It was found that treatment with 3 or more consecutive days of albendazole with or without praziquantel resulted in a significant reduction in density of Trichuris eggs in stools while a single dose of such drug did not. Praziquantel was not shown to have synergistic or antagonistic effects with albendazole. A regimen of 400 mg of albendazole daily for 3 days was found to be the most suitable therapy for Trichuris infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sirivichayakul C, Changbumrung S, Chanthavanich P, Moungnoi P, Chokejindachai W, Attanath P, Pengsaa K. Plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol level and growth indices of 7 months old healthy Thai infants in Bangkok. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2001; 32:408-12. [PMID: 11556597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol status and the growth indices of 66 healthy Thai infants aged about 7 months old. The mean (SD) plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol level were 1.59(0.31) and 25.40(7.01) micromol/l respectively. For their weight, height, and body mass index, the mean (SD) values were 7.96(0.93) kg, 69.95(2.42) cm, and 16.25(1.43) respectively. There was a remarkable proportion of improper feeding. However there were no correlations between plasma retinol level, plasma alpha-tocopherol level, growth indices and duration of breast milk, formula milk, weaning food feeding except alpha-tocopherol level which positively correlated with duration of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sirivichayakul C, Chokejindachai W, Vithayasai N, Chanthavanich P, Pengsaa K, Wisetsing P, Harikul S, Rathvuth H, Sabchareon A. Effects of rice powder salt solution and milk-rice mixture on acute watery diarrhea in young children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2000; 31:354-9. [PMID: 11127339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A randomized pilot study was carried out to compare the safety and effectiveness of rice powder salt solution (RPSS) in combination with milk-rice mixture (RPSS-MR group, n = 17) with other two regimens, glucose-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) combined with MR (ORS-MR group, n = 17) and ORS combined with formula milk (ORS-milk group, n = 14) in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea with mild to moderate dehydration in 48 boys younger than 2 years. Results showed that in the first 24 hours patients in the RPSS-MR group had significantly smaller amounts of stool weight (32.7 g/kg) than those in the ORS-MR group (67.5 g/kg) and ORS-milk group (59.2 g/kg) (p< 0.05 for both measurements). Patients in the RPSS-MR group also had significantly shorter duration of diarrhea (29.6 hours) than the other two groups (43.8 hours and 49.6 hours, respectively) (p < 0.05 for both measurements). The stool weight and duration of diarrhea between the ORS-MR group and the ORS-milk group were not significantly different. The positive effect of milk rice mixture was not demonstrated in the study due to the significantly more severe diarrhea in the ORS-MR group. The effectiveness of the RPSS-MR is therefore likely due to mainly RPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sirivichayakul C, Sabcharoen A, Chanthavanich P, Pengsaa K, Chokejindachai W, Prarinyanupharb V. Dengue infection with unusual manifestations: a case report. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:325-9. [PMID: 10808688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Since 1978, there has been an increasing number of reported cases of dengue infection with unusual manifestations and most of them had dengue shock syndrome. We report here one patient who had dengue hemorrhagic fever grade II with liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy and very high elevation of liver enzymes. She made a complete recovery after conservative therapy. She is the fourth case of reported dengue hemorrhagic fever grade II who had unusual manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sirivichayakul C, Chanthavanich P, Chokejindachai W, Pengsaa K, Kabkaew K, Saelim R. Pleural effusion in childhood falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2000; 31:187-9. [PMID: 11023091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary complication is a rare manifestation of childhood malaria and isolated pleural effusion without pulmonary edema has never been reported in children. We report here an 11-year-old boy who suffered from cerebral malaria and massive right pleural effusion. The patient was treated with intravenous artesunate, albumin, and other supportive treatments. He recovered completely after eight days. The clinical and laboratory courses suggested that the plasma leakage played a role in the pathogenesis of pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sirivichayakul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sabchareon A, Lang J, Attanath P, Sirivichayakul C, Pengsaa K, Le Mener V, Chantavanich P, Prarinyanuphab V, Pojjaroen-Anant C, Nimnual S, Wood SC, Riffard P. A new Vero cell rabies vaccine: results of a comparative trial with human diploid cell rabies vaccine in children. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:141-9. [PMID: 10433577 DOI: 10.1086/520143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a chromatographically purified rabies vaccine (CPRV) compared with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) after pre-exposure immunizations (both primary and booster). Intramuscular doses of either 0.5 mL of CPRV or 1.0 mL of HDCV were given to 400 schoolchildren on days 0, 7, 28, and 365 (booster). Adequate titers of antibody (> or = 0.15 IU/mL, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) were observed in serum samples from all children 14 days after primary immunization with CPRV and HDCV; the antibodies persisted in all but one child up until 1 year. Fourteen days after the primary immunization series (day 42) and 7 days after booster immunization (day 372), all children had antibody titers of > or = 0.5 IU/mL. Local and systemic reactions after primary and booster immunizations occurred significantly less frequently in the CPRV group. A severe allergic reaction (angioedema) was reported in only one child after booster immunization with HDCV. CPRV has adequate immunogenicity for primary and booster pre-exposure immunizations in children and has a better safety profile than does HDCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sabchareon
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Pengsaa K, Sirivichayakul C, Pojjaroen-anant C, Nimnual S, Wisetsing P. Albendazole treatment for Giardia intestinalis infections in school children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1999; 30:78-83. [PMID: 10695793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A randomized controlled trial, 113 school children with Giardia intestinalis infection were treated with albendazole or tinidazole. Albendazole 400 mg once a day x 3 days and tinidazole 50 mg/kg single dose were given orally to 62 and 51 children, respectively. Parasitological cure was documented when there were > or = 2 times negative stool examination for G. intestinalis at 1-2 weeks after therapy. Thirty-one of 62 (50%) children treated with albendazole and 49 of 51 (96.1%) children treated with tinidazole had parasitological cure (p < 0.001). No major side effects were observed except one case in tinidazole group had severe headache for 30 hours. Albendazole appears to be safe and produced a moderate cure rate for G. intestinalis infection when a 3 day anthelmintic regimen is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pengsaa
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
We evaluated the usefulness and accuracy of the stable microbubble test (SMT) performed on gastric aspirates of neonates to predict idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and compared the results with those of the shake test, using the clinical characteristics of IRDS as the gold standard for the diagnosis of IRDS. One hundred forty paired samples of gastric aspirates, obtained within 1 hour of delivery from neonates with gestational ages between 27 and 42 weeks (mean, 36.6+/-3.5 weeks) and birth weights between 800 and 4,090 grams (mean 2,571+/-826 grams ) were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the SMT with a predefined cut-off value of less than 20 bubbles/mm2 were 94.7% and 95%, respectively, with a positive and negative predictive value of 75% and 99.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value and specificity were increased to 100% in premature neonates. These values, especially the positive predictive value and specificity, were much higher than those obtained with the shake test. We conclude that the SMT on gastric aspirates obtained within 1 hour of delivery is a rapid and simple procedure to identify those neonates who will develop IRDS and who may benefit from prophylactic exogenous surfactant replacement.
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Pengsaa K, Lumbiganon P, Taksaphan S, Pairojkul S, Sookpranee T, Kosuwon P, Panthongviriyakul C, Sookpranee M, Kosuwon W, Wilailuckana C, Noppawinyoowong J, Bhudisawasdi W, Sithikesorn J, Waetasak P, Namkun C. Risk factors for neonatal Klebsiella septicemia in Srinagarind Hospital. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1996; 27:102-6. [PMID: 9031410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three years' data were analysed to assess the risk factors for neonatal Klebsiella septicemia in Srinagarind Hospital. The incidence of Klebsiella septicemia was 4.1 per 1,000 livebirths or 5.2 per 100 discharged infants. Eighty-two per cent of infected cases were low birth weight infants and 67.7% were born prematurely. From multivariate analysis, the risk factors were endotracheal intubation (OR 31.57, 95% CI 289-343.82) and central venous catheterization (OR 16.99, 95% CI1.15-250.37). The overall mortality rate was 67.7%. Periodic review and continuous reinforcement of infection control policies in the neonatal unit are of paramount importance to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection and successful control of outbreaks as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pengsaa
- Department of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lumbiganon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei, occurs in tropical areas and is diagnosed mostly in adults. In Khon Kaen, a province of northeast Thailand, five cases of infantile melioidosis were managed at Srinagarind Hospital. The patient's specimens were submitted to microbiologic and serologic examination for P. pseudomallei demonstrated by indirect hemagglutination. Possible modes of transmission such as environment, perinatal exposure and venereal transmission were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lumbiganon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Pengsaa K, Taksaphan S. Perinatal mortality at Srinagarind Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 1987; 70:667-72. [PMID: 3430093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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