1
|
Koroukian S, Smyth K. SCREENING FOR DEMENTIA IN PRIMARY CARE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - K Smyth
- Case Western Reserve University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smyth K, Burdon D, Atkins JP, Barnes RA, Elliott M. Renewables-to-reefs: Response to Fowler et al. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 98:372-374. [PMID: 26277603 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Smyth
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - D Burdon
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - J P Atkins
- The Business School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - R A Barnes
- The Law School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - M Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walkden A, Morarji J, Smyth K. An intriguing case of blurred vision in a young patient. Case Reports 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-207445. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
4
|
Abstract
The medical facility at Camp Bastion continues to evolve as a consequence of the increased throughput of battlefield trauma patients. There is a requirement for rapid and accurate diagnosis of haemodynamic instability and continued haemodynamic monitoring throughout the peri-operative period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has been used for this purpose in the arena of cardiac anaesthesia since the mid 1980s. It is being introduced to other peri-operative settings where severe haemodynamic instability is expected. The old proverb: 'There are none so blind as those who cannot see' (Jeremiah 5:21) is applicable to this topic, in that TOE is proven to be a rapid, portable, safe and effective tool in the assessment of the haemodynamically unstable patient. This paper explores the application of TOE for the assessment of the major causes of haemodynamic instability in the trauma population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Smyth
- Royal Air Force, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cherry CL, Affandi JS, Brew BJ, Creighton J, Djauzi S, Hooker DJ, Imran D, Kamarulzaman A, Kamerman P, McArthur JC, Moore RD, Price P, Smyth K, Tan IL, Vanar S, Wadley A, Wesselingh SL, Yunihastuti E. Hepatitis C seropositivity is not a risk factor for sensory neuropathy among patients with HIV. Neurology 2010; 74:1538-42. [PMID: 20458071 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181dd436d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory neuropathy (SN) is common in patients with HIV. Hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is often cited as an HIV-SN risk factor, but data to support this are lacking. This collaboration aimed to examine the association between HCV serostatus and SN risk among ambulatory HIV-positive patients. METHODS Patients with HIV were assessed in cross-sectional studies in Baltimore, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Kuala Lumpur, Melbourne, and Sydney for SN (defined by both supportive symptoms and signs). HCV seropositivity was assessed as an SN risk using a chi(2) test, followed by logistic regression modeling to correct for treatment exposures and demographics. RESULTS A total of 837 patients of African, Asian, and Caucasian descent were studied. HCV seroprevalence varied by site (Baltimore n = 104, 61% HCV+; Jakarta 96, 51%; Johannesburg 300, 1%; Kuala Lumpur 97, 10%; Melbourne 206, 16%; Sydney 34, 18%). HCV seropositivity was not associated with increased SN risk at any site, but was associated with reduced SN risk in Melbourne (p = 0.003). On multivariate analyses, the independent associations with SN were increasing age, height, and stavudine exposure. HCV seropositivity was not independently associated with an increased SN risk at any site, but associated independently with reduced SN risk in Baltimore (p = 0.04) and Melbourne (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis C (HCV) seropositivity was not associated with increased sensory neuropathy risk among HIV-positive patients at any site. While we were unable to assess HCV RNA or liver damage, the data suggest that HCV coinfection is not a major contributor to HIV-SN. HCV = hepatitis C; SN = sensory neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Cherry
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cherry CL, Affandi JS, Imran D, Yunihastuti E, Smyth K, Vanar S, Kamarulzaman A, Price P. Age and height predict neuropathy risk in patients with HIV prescribed stavudine. Neurology 2009; 73:315-20. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181af7a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
7
|
Sekandi JN, Neuhauser D, Smyth K, Whalen CC. Active case finding of undetected tuberculosis among chronic coughers in a slum setting in Kampala, Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13:508-513. [PMID: 19335958 PMCID: PMC2842997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Kisenyi slum in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVES Using chronic cough (> or = 2 weeks) inquiry as a screening tool to identify undetected smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases and to describe the characteristics of smear-positive TB cases detected by active case finding. DESIGN A house-to-house survey was conducted in five randomly selected villages in Kampala between June and August 2005. A sample of households was visited; adults aged > or = 15 years were consecutively interviewed to identify those with chronic cough. Three sputum specimens were collected and examined by smear microscopy. RESULTS Among 930 individuals, we identified 189 (20%) chronic coughers. Of these, we found 33 (18%) undiagnosed smear-positive cases. The newly detected cases had an even sex distribution (P = 0.47), a median age of 30 years, a median cough duration of 1 month and 55% had acid-fast bacilli 1+ sputum smear grade. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that active case finding could supplement DOTS to yield additional smear-positive TB cases, lead to early diagnosis and thus shorten the duration of infectiousness before effective chemotherapy is initiated. In communities such as Kisenyi, this is a feasible strategy that may prove useful for TB control, but its cost-effectiveness needs to be evaluated. Early health care seeking for cough should be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J N Sekandi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smyth K, Affandi JS, McArthur JC, Bowtell-Harris C, Mijch AM, Watson K, Costello K, Woolley IJ, Price P, Wesselingh SL, Cherry CL. Prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-associated neuropathy in Melbourne, Australia 1993-2006. HIV Med 2007; 8:367-73. [PMID: 17661844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) in 2006 [the era of stavudine, didanosine and zalcitabine (dNRTI)-sparing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)] and to compare our findings with data obtained in the same clinic in 1993 (pre-HAART) and 2001 (frequent use of dNRTI-containing HAART). METHODS This was a cross-sectional comparative study using convenience sampling. HIV-positive adults attending a tertiary referral clinic over a 2-week period were screened for HIV-SN using the AIDS Clinical Trials Group screening tool. HIV-SN was defined as present if the patient had both neuropathic symptoms and abnormal signs. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data were considered as possible risk factors for HIV-SN, and results were compared with data obtained in the same clinic in 1993 and 2001. RESULTS One hundred patients were screened. The prevalence of HIV-SN was 42%, which was unchanged since 2001 (44%) despite a significant reduction in the use of dNRTIs. HIV-SN remained much more common than in 1993 (42% vs 13%; P<0.0001). The only independent associations with HIV-SN in 2006 were increasing patient age and a history of exposure to either stavudine or indinavir. This compares with 1993 when neuropathy was increased in those with Mycobacterium avium complex infection, and 2001 when patient age and use of stavudine and didanosine were the independent associations with HIV-SN in this clinic. CONCLUSIONS HIV-SN remained common among ambulatory patients in 2006 (42% prevalence) despite a significant reduction in the use of dNRTIs. In addition to patient age and stavudine exposure, indinavir use may be a risk factor for HIV-SN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Smyth
- Department of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- B E Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Beatty
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Friedland R, Smyth K, Cole R, Koss E, Cole R, Lerner A, Rowland D, Debanne S. 1-12-22 Persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have reduced activities in early life. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)84926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Friedland R, Smyth K, Esteban-Santillan C, Koss E, Cole R, Lemer A, Strauss M, Whitehouse P, Petot G, Rowland D, Debanne S. 490 Premorbid environmental complexity is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as compared to age and sex matched controls: Results of a Case-Control Study. Neurobiol Aging 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the factorial structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire for African American women. A sample of 656 African American women living in the southeastern United States, ranging in age from 22 to 64 years (M = 39.6 years), completed the questionnaire. All were employed, with a mean annual income of $24,300. Factor analysis produced three factors, Active Coping, Avoidance, and Minimize the Situation, that accounted for 67% of the total variance. These factors were compared with the eight factors of the Ways of Coping questionnaire reported by Folkman and Lazarus (1980), which was derived from a sample of middle-aged White subjects. The factors that emerged suggest the need for possible revision of the instrument or the development of a new one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Smyth
- University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brennan PF, Smyth K. Elders' attitudes and behavior regarding ComputerLink. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1994:1011. [PMID: 7949853 PMCID: PMC2247946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ComputerLink is a set of telecommunications modules designed to provide information, decision making assistance, and communications support to caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Over 19 months, each of the 47 AD caregivers had 12 consecutive months of access. There were a total of 3875 accesses to the AD caregivers' ComputerLink. Attitudes toward ComputerLink were assessed. Subjective and objective measures of use also were captured. ComputerLink users held generally positive attitudes towards the use of the computer network and tended to under-report the number of times they accessed the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P F Brennan
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Hermansdorfer
- American Organization of Nurse Executives Scholar, Indialantic, FL 32903
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Smyth K, Whitehouse PJ, Rust M, Kahana J. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: implications for minority populations. Health Matrix 1988; 6:28-32. [PMID: 10318201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The experience of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias in minority populations must be understood in the epidemiological, diagnostic, treatment, and care contexts which surround it. This article describes those contexts, and offers an analysis of how efforts to improve the management of dementia among minorities are likely to be affected by them. An overview of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AD and related disorders is presented; current and proposed health care services are described; and planning and policy considerations which result from the nature, epidemiology and care demands of dementia are reviewed. We conclude with a series of recommendations for the enhancement of our healthcare system to meet the needs of minorities with dementia.
Collapse
|
19
|
Moody LE, Wilson ME, Smyth K, Schwartz R, Tittle M, Van Cott ML. Analysis of a decade of nursing practice research: 1977-1986. Nurs Res 1988; 37:374-9. [PMID: 3186481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the research focus, theoretical bases, research designs, statistical methods, and research findings of nursing practice research, 1977-1986. A secondary purpose was to assess the fit of nursing practice research topics within the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association's (NANDA) taxonomy. The sample consisted of 720 articles that met the definitional criteria of nursing practice research from six major refereed journals in nursing that primarily publish nursing research. Findings showed that 95% of research in nursing in the last decade was conducted by nurses as first authors, over half with doctoral degrees. Funded research increased as well as the trend toward multidisciplinary research and multisite studies. One-third of the studies focused on nursing intervention, and two-thirds were assessment-oriented. Although use of nursing conceptual models increased over the decade, theories or models from psychology, physiology, and sociology were used most often. There was an increase in use of sophisticated research methods and better reporting of reliability and validity. The use of NANDA as a taxonomy for classifying nursing practice research was assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Moody
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Smyth K, Sparacino J, Hansell S, Call J. Engagement-involvement and blood pressure change: a methodological inquiry. Nurs Res 1980; 29:270-5. [PMID: 6903898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a study that examined further Singer's model of engagement-involvement in a community nursing setting, 31 black inner-city women conversed informally with a nurse while their blood pressure was monitored at two-minute intervals using a Hoffman-LaRoche Arteriosonde. Type A (coronary-prone) and hypertensive subjects were judged to not display greater engagement than type B and normotensive subjects, respectively. Within-subject correlations between observers' ratings of engagement and blood pressure showed substantial differences across subjects. Nevertheless, for correlations based on engagement judgments corresponding to the minute immediately preceding the blood pressure determination the mean within-subject values ranged from .14 to .32 (mean = .20) and were all significantly different from zero. Attention is directed to the need for refining the criteria used for judging engagement and to identifying patients for whom increased engagement may invalidate blood pressure measurements in a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sparacino J, Hansell S, Smyth K. Type A (coronary-prone) behavior and transient blood pressure change. Nurs Res 1979; 28:198-204. [PMID: 255915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to delineate further the physiological mechanisms underlying the type A behavior pattern's influence on coronary heart disease. It was suggested that while chronically elevated blood pressure is apparently not associated with overall A--B distinctions (at least not for males), acting in a type A fashion may be accompanied by temporary increases in blood pressure. Changes in the speech characteristics of 33 black inner-city women during the A--B interview and subsequent unstructured dialogue were analyzed at one-minute intervals and correlated with concomitant blood pressure measurements. Differences in the speech characteristics of women classified type A as opposed to B were consistent with recent studies of white males (e.g., type As spoke significantly faster than type Bs). Further, within-subject blood pressure elevations were significantly associated with louder/more explosive, longer speech episodes. Additional research is urged which examines biochemical and physiological changes as a function of type A behavior considered as a transient state as well as a relatively enduring trait.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Smyth K, Call J, Hansell S, Sparacino J, Strodtbeck FL. Type A behavior pattern and hypertension among inner-city black women. Nurs Res 1978; 27:30-5. [PMID: 244883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inner-city Black women were administered Rosenman and Friedman's A-B interview and invited to discuss stress experiences and traditional coronary heart disease risk factors while their blood pressure was monitored at two-minute intervals. Results revealed the essential reliability of the A-B classification for the sample and demonstrated a general congruence with type A behaviors reported in previous (mostly white male) samples. While type A Black women were not significantly more likely to be hypertensive than type B women, analyses of the intrasubject blood pressure variability revealed an interaction between A-B and hypertensive-normotensive status. Consistent with earlier findings, hypertensives were more variable than normotensives, but this was true only for type Bs; type As were intermediate and not differentiated in their variability. This finding calls attention to the possible adaptive function of type A behavior among stress inner-city Black females and raises the question of whether Rosenman and Friedman's personality theory might be objectionably simplistic.
Collapse
|
25
|
Smyth K, McMahon J. A workshop approach to continuing education. Nurse Educ 1976; 1:16-20. [PMID: 1049394 DOI: 10.1097/00006223-197611000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
26
|
Smyth K. Symposium on teaching patients: forework. Nurs Clin North Am 1971; 6:571-2. [PMID: 5211112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
27
|
Elder N, Smyth K. An integrated curriculum. Nurs Outlook 1970; 18:63-6. [PMID: 5199059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
28
|
|