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White LK, Hillman N, Ruparel K, Moore TM, Gallagher RS, McClellan EJ, Roalf DR, Scott JC, Calkins ME, McGinn DE, Giunta V, Tran O, Crowley TB, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, McDonald-McGinn DM, Gur RE, Gur RC. Remote assessment of the Penn computerised neurocognitive battery in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:369-376. [PMID: 38229473 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive functioning is an integral phenotype of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome relating to severity of psychopathology and outcomes. A neurocognitive battery that could be administered remotely to assess multiple cognitive domains would be especially beneficial to research on rare genetic variants, where in-person assessment can be unavailable or burdensome. The current study compares in-person and remote assessments of the Penn computerised neurocognitive battery (CNB). METHODS Participants (mean age = 17.82, SD = 6.94 years; 48% female) completed the CNB either in-person at a laboratory (n = 222) or remotely (n = 162). RESULTS Results show that accuracy of CNB performance was equivalent across the two testing locations, while slight differences in speed were detected in 3 of the 11 tasks. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the CNB can be used in remote settings to assess multiple neurocognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K White
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Hillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Ruparel
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R S Gallagher
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E J McClellan
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J C Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M E Calkins
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D E McGinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V Giunta
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - O Tran
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T B Crowley
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E H Zackai
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B S Emanuel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D M McDonald-McGinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - R E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Kaczkurkin AN, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Ciric R, Detre JA, Elliott MA, Foa EB, Garcia de la Garza A, Roalf DR, Rosen A, Ruparel K, Shinohara RT, Xia CH, Wolf DH, Gur RE, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD. Common and dissociable regional cerebral blood flow differences associate with dimensions of psychopathology across categorical diagnoses. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1981-1989. [PMID: 28924181 PMCID: PMC5858960 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The high comorbidity among neuropsychiatric disorders suggests a possible common neurobiological phenotype. Resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be measured noninvasively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and abnormalities in regional CBF are present in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Regional CBF may also provide a useful biological marker across different types of psychopathology. To investigate CBF changes common across psychiatric disorders, we capitalized upon a sample of 1042 youths (ages 11-23 years) who completed cross-sectional imaging as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. CBF at rest was quantified on a voxelwise basis using arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI at 3T. A dimensional measure of psychopathology was constructed using a bifactor model of item-level data from a psychiatric screening interview, which delineated four factors (fear, anxious-misery, psychosis and behavioral symptoms) plus a general factor: overall psychopathology. Overall psychopathology was associated with elevated perfusion in several regions including the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left rostral ACC. Furthermore, several clusters were associated with specific dimensions of psychopathology. Psychosis symptoms were related to reduced perfusion in the left frontal operculum and insula, whereas fear symptoms were associated with less perfusion in the right occipital/fusiform gyrus and left subgenual ACC. Follow-up functional connectivity analyses using resting-state functional MRI collected in the same participants revealed that overall psychopathology was associated with decreased connectivity between the dorsal ACC and bilateral caudate. Together, the results of this study demonstrate common and dissociable CBF abnormalities across neuropsychiatric disorders in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Ciric
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J A Detre
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M A Elliott
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E B Foa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Garcia de la Garza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C H Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Moore TM, Martin IK, Gur OM, Jackson CT, Scott JC, Calkins ME, Ruparel K, Port AM, Nivar I, Krinsky HD, Gur RE, Gur RC. Characterizing social environment's association with neurocognition using census and crime data linked to the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Psychol Med 2016; 46:599-610. [PMID: 26492931 PMCID: PMC7263021 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of 'environment' has been investigated across diverse and multiple domains related to health. However, in the context of large-scale genomic studies the focus has been on obtaining individual-level endophenotypes with environment left for future decomposition. Geo-social research has indicated that environment-level variables can be reduced, and these composites can then be used with other variables as intuitive, precise representations of environment in research. METHOD Using a large community sample (N = 9498) from the Philadelphia area, participant addresses were linked to 2010 census and crime data. These were then factor analyzed (exploratory factor analysis; EFA) to arrive at social and criminal dimensions of participants' environments. These were used to calculate environment-level scores, which were merged with individual-level variables. We estimated an exploratory multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) exploring associations among environment- and individual-level variables in diverse communities. RESULTS The EFAs revealed that census data was best represented by two factors, one socioeconomic status and one household/language. Crime data was best represented by a single crime factor. The MSEM variables had good fit (e.g. comparative fit index = 0.98), and revealed that environment had the largest association with neurocognitive performance (β = 0.41, p < 0.0005), followed by parent education (β = 0.23, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Environment-level variables can be combined to create factor scores or composites for use in larger statistical models. Our results are consistent with literature indicating that individual-level socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. race and gender) and aspects of familial social capital (e.g. parental education) have statistical relationships with neurocognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I. K. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - O. M. Gur
- Department of Criminal Justice, Pennsylvania State University, Abington College, Abington, PA, USA
| | - C. T. Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. C. Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M. E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K. Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. M. Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I. Nivar
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H. D. Krinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R. E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R. C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schmitt JE, Yi JJ, Roalf DR, Loevner LA, Ruparel K, Whinna D, Souders MC, McDonald-McGinn DM, Yodh E, Vandekar S, Zackai EH, Gur RC, Emanuel BS, Gur RE. Incidental radiologic findings in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:2186-91. [PMID: 24948496 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a common genetic microdeletion syndrome that results in cognitive delays and an increased risk of several psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. The current study investigates the prevalence of incidental neuroradiologic findings within this population and their relationships with psychiatric conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR imaging from 58 individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome was reviewed by board-certified radiologists by using standard clinical procedures. Intracranial incidental findings were classified into 8 categories and compared with a large typically developing cohort. RESULTS The rate of incidental findings was significantly higher (P < .0001) in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome compared with typically developing individuals, driven by a high prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum (19.0%) and white matter abnormalities (10.3%). Both of these findings were associated with psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Cavum septum pellucidum and white matter hyperintensities are significantly more prevalent in patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and may represent biomarkers for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Schmitt
- From the Department of Radiology (J.E.S., L.A.L.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J J Yi
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Psychiatry (J.J.Y.)
| | - D R Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - L A Loevner
- From the Department of Radiology (J.E.S., L.A.L.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - K Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D Whinna
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M C Souders
- Division of Human Genetics (M.C.S., D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics (M.C.S., D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics (D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics (D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Yodh
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - S Vandekar
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics (M.C.S., D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics (D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics (D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - B S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics (M.C.S., D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics (D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics (D.M.M.-M., E.H.Z., B.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory (J.E.S., J.J.Y., D.R.R., K.R., D.W., E.Y., S.V., R.C.G., R.E.G.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zamzow J, Culnan E, Spiers M, Calkins M, Satterthwaite T, Ruparel K, Abrams D, Chiavacci R, Hakonarson H, Gur R. B-37 * The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Executive Function from Late Childhood through Adolescence. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Culnan E, Zamzow J, Spiers M, Calkins M, Satterthwaite T, Ruparel K, Abrams D, Chiavacci R, Hakonarson H, Gur R. B-36 * Relationships between Body Mass Index and Social Cognition among 8-19 Year-Olds. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Gur RE, Kaltman D, Melhem ER, Ruparel K, Prabhakaran K, Riley M, Yodh E, Hakonarson H, Satterthwaite T, Gur RC. Incidental findings in youths volunteering for brain MRI research. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:2021-5. [PMID: 23811972 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MRIs are obtained in research in healthy and clinical populations, and incidental findings have been reported. Most studies have examined adults with variability in parameters of image acquisition and clinical measures available. We conducted a prospective study of youths and documented the frequency and concomitants of incidental findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Youths (n = 1400) with an age range from 8-23 years were imaged on the same 3T scanner, with a standard acquisition protocol providing 1.0 mm(3) isotropic resolution of anatomic scans. All scans were reviewed by an experienced board-certified neuroradiologist and were categorized into 3 groups: 1) normal: no incidental findings; 2) coincidental: incidental finding(s) were noted, further reviewed with an experienced pediatric neuroradiologist, but were of no clinical significance; 3) incidental findings that on further review were considered to have potential clinical significance and participants were referred for appropriate clinical follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 148 incidental findings (10.6% of sample) were noted, and of these, 12 required clinical follow-up. Incidental findings were not related to age. However, whites had a higher incidence of pineal cysts, and males had a higher incidence of cavum septum pellucidum, which was associated with psychosis-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Incidental findings, moderated by race and sex, occur in approximately one-tenth of participants volunteering for pediatric research, with few requiring follow-up. The incidence supports a 2-tiered approach of neuroradiologic reading and clinical input to determine the potential significance of incidental findings detected on research MR imaging scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry
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8
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Abstract
Recent reports of successful fMRI-based discrimination between lie and truth in single subjects raised the interest of prospective users and a public concern about the potential scope of this technology. The increased scrutiny highlighted the lack of controlled "real life", i.e. prospective clinical trials of this technology that conform to the common standards of medical device development. The ethics of conducting such trials given the paucity of data on fMRI-based lie detection has also been questioned. To probe the potential issues of translating the laboratory research into practice, we conducted a case study in which we adapted the standard Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), a well-established model of producing deception, to the common scenario of lying on a resume. The task consisted of questions about pertinent items on the subject's resume, three of which could be independently verified as truth (KNOWN) and three that could not be verified and were thus termed UNKNOWN. The subject had an incentive to lie on all UNKNOWN items, and on debriefing confirmed that he had done so. Data was preprocessed, masked with a priori regions of interest, thresholded, and qualitatively evaluated for consistency with the previously reported prefronto-parietal Lie > Truth pattern. Deceptive responses to two out of the three UNKNOWN items were associated with the predicted prefronto-parietal fMRI pattern. In the third UNKNOWN this pattern was absent, and instead, increased limbic (amygdala and hippocampus) response was observed. Based on published prefronto-parietal Lie response pattern, only the first two items could be categorized as Lie. If confirmed, this demonstration of amygdala and hippocampus activation in a Lie > Truth contrast illustrates the need to integrate the limbic system and its emotional and cognitive correlates into the existing model of deception. Our experiment suggests an approach to a naturalistic scenario and the research questions that need to be answered in order to set the stage for prospective clinical trials of fMRI-based lie detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hakun
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6178, USA
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9
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Loughead J, Wileyto EP, Valdez JN, Sanborn P, Tang K, Strasser AA, Ruparel K, Ray R, Gur RC, Lerman C. Effect of abstinence challenge on brain function and cognition in smokers differs by COMT genotype. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:820-6. [PMID: 19065145 PMCID: PMC3896978 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The val allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val(158)met polymorphism has been linked with nicotine dependence and with cognitive performance in healthy volunteers. We tested the hypothesis that the val allele is a risk factor for altered brain function and cognition during nicotine abstinence as compared with the normal smoking state. Chronic smokers (n=33) were genotyped prospectively for the COMT polymorphism for balanced selection of met/met, val/met and val/val groups. A visual N-back working memory task was performed during two separate blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions in counterbalanced order: (1) smoking as usual, and (2)>or=14 h confirmed abstinence. Significant genotype by session interactions were observed for BOLD signal in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; (P=0.0005), left DLPFC (P=0.02) and dorsal cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex (P=0.01) as well as for task reaction time (P=0.03). Smokers with val/val genotypes were more sensitive to the abstinence challenge than carriers of the met allele, with the greatest effects on BOLD signal and performance speed at the highest working memory load. These data suggest a novel brain-behavior mechanism that may underlie the increased susceptibility to nicotine dependence and smoking relapse associated with the COMT val allele. Exploration of the effects of COMT inhibitors as a possible smoking cessation aid in this group may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loughead
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - EP Wileyto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JN Valdez
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Sanborn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - AA Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - RC Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,The Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Dyck M, Loughead J, Boers F, Kellermann T, Ruparel K, Gur RC, Mathiak K. The Neural Correlates of Emotion Experience – Mood Induction with Facial Expressions and Classical Music. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
We studied the cognitive basis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pattern of deception in three participants performing the Concealed Information Test (CIT). In all participants, the prefrontoparietal lie activation was similar to the pattern derived from the meta-analysis (N = 40) of our previously reported fMRI CIT studies and was unchanged when the lie response was replaced with passive viewing of the target items. When lies were replaced with irrelevant responses, only the left inferior gyrus activation was common to all subjects. This study presents a systematic strategy for testing the cognitive basis of deception models, and a qualitative approach to single-subject truth-verification fMRI tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hakun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Davatzikos C, Ruparel K, Fan Y, Shen DG, Acharyya M, Loughead JW, Gur RC, Langleben DD. Classifying spatial patterns of brain activity with machine learning methods: application to lie detection. Neuroimage 2005; 28:663-8. [PMID: 16169252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of brain activity during deception have recently been characterized with fMRI on the multi-subject average group level. The clinical value of fMRI in lie detection will be determined by the ability to detect deception in individual subjects, rather than group averages. High-dimensional non-linear pattern classification methods applied to functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) images were used to discriminate between the spatial patterns of brain activity associated with lie and truth. In 22 participants performing a forced-choice deception task, 99% of the true and false responses were discriminated correctly. Predictive accuracy, assessed by cross-validation in participants not included in training, was 88%. The results demonstrate the potential of non-linear machine learning techniques in lie detection and other possible clinical applications of fMRI in individual subjects, and indicate that accurate clinical tests could be based on measurements of brain function with fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market Street, Suite 380, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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