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Felszeghy S, Liukkonen M, Tornero CS, Auvinen OM, Hämäläinen K, Banafa A, Kurki P. Influence of background music on stress reduction and impact on performances during students' simulation exercises. J Dent Educ 2023. [PMID: 37158644 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquisition of manual skills is essential in preclinical dental training. Background music improves the learning of many manual skills, though we found no data on the consequences of background music on preclinical manual skills training of dental students. OBJECTIVE The first aim of this project was to explore whether listening to slow background music could reduce the stress of students when learning how to perform cavity preparations and restorations in a simulation laboratory. The second aim of this study was to determine the impact of slow background music on the quality and time used during cavity preparation. METHOD We invited all of the 40 third-year dental students to participate in the study, of whom 88% chose to anonymously fill in questionnaires on their subjective evaluations of the effects of slow background music on the stress or anxiety levels experienced during the course. Twenty-four students further volunteered to participate in a cross-over study on the impact of slow background music on the quality of and time used during cavity preparation. RESULTS The overall satisfaction with the slow background music was high. In particular, the music reduced stress but also increased motivation to learn and practice. Communication in the classroom went well despite the music. Time use and quality of cavity preparation were enhanced. CONCLUSION This study lends support to the use of slow background music in preclinical cariology training, as it appeared to have helpful effects on dental skills education and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Liukkonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Soler Tornero
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli M Auvinen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalle Hämäläinen
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aisha Banafa
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Kurki
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Koskelo J, Juurinen I, Ruotsalainen KO, McGrath MJ, Kuo IF, Lehtola S, Galambosi S, Hämäläinen K, Huotari S, Hakala M. Intra- and intermolecular effects on the Compton profile of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:244505. [PMID: 25554165 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive simulation study on the solid-liquid phase transition of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride in terms of the changes in the atomic structure and their effect on the Compton profile. The structures were obtained by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Chosen radial distribution functions of the liquid structure are presented and found generally to be in good agreement with previous ab initio molecular dynamics and neutron scattering studies. The main contributions to the predicted difference Compton profile are found to arise from intermolecular changes in the phase transition. This prediction can be used for interpreting future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koskelo
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Juurinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K O Ruotsalainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M J McGrath
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - I-F Kuo
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Lehtola
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Galambosi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Hämäläinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Hakala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Inkinen J, Sakko A, Ruotsalainen KO, Pylkkänen T, Niskanen J, Galambosi S, Hakala M, Monaco G, Huotari S, Hämäläinen K. Temperature dependence of CO2 and N2 core-electron excitation spectra at high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9231-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Juurinen I, Nakahara K, Ando N, Nishiumi T, Seta H, Yoshida N, Morinaga T, Itou M, Ninomiya T, Sakurai Y, Salonen E, Nordlund K, Hämäläinen K, Hakala M. Measurement of two solvation regimes in water-ethanol mixtures using x-ray compton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:197401. [PMID: 22181642 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water-ethanol mixtures exhibit interesting anomalies in their macroscopic properties. Despite a lot of research, the origin of the anomalies and the microscopic structure itself is still far from completely known. We have utilized the synchrotron x-ray Compton scattering technique to elucidate the structure of aqueous ethanol from a new experimental perspective. The technique is uniquely sensitive to the local molecular geometries at the angstrom and subangstrom scales. The experiments reveal two distinct mixing regimes in terms of geometry: the dilute 5 mol % and the concentrated >15 mol % regimes. By comparing with pure liquids, the former regime is characterized by an intramolecular and the latter by an intermolecular change. The findings bring new light to evaluating the hypothesis of formation of clathratelike structures at the dilute concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Juurinen
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Sakko A, Galambosi S, Inkinen J, Pylkkänen T, Hakala M, Huotari S, Hämäläinen K. Inelastic X-ray scattering and vibrational effects at the K-edges of gaseous N2, N2O, and CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11678-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20295b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pylkkänen T, Lehtola J, Hakala M, Sakko A, Monaco G, Huotari S, Hämäläinen K. Universal Signature of Hydrogen Bonding in the Oxygen K-Edge Spectrum of Alcohols. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:13076-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Pylkkänen
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - J. Lehtola
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - M. Hakala
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Sakko
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - G. Monaco
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - S. Huotari
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - K. Hämäläinen
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
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Sallinen H, Anttila M, Gröhn O, Koponen J, Hämäläinen K, Kholova I, Kosma VM, Heinonen S, Alitalo K, Ylä-Herttuala S. Cotargeting of VEGFR-1 and -3 and angiopoietin receptor Tie2 reduces the growth of solid human ovarian cancer in mice. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 18:100-9. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The properties of linear alcohols in the liquid phase are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We analyze the effects of the use of bond length constraints on the simulation density, self-diffusion constant, and hydrogen-bonding characteristics of the alcohol series. We find that the densities are well-reproduced in each of the cases but that the constraints have clear effects on the value of the diffusion constant and hydrogen-bonding properties, which is probably caused by the use of a gas-phase reference value in the OH bond length constraint. Although finite size effects are found to be present in the hydrogen bond networks, the networks are determined to be composed of chain-type structures that are well-converged. The results indicate that liquid alcohols consist of hydrogen-bonded chains of molecules. This finding can likely be tested experimentally with inelastic X-ray techniques at modern synchrotron radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lehtola
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Hakala M, Nygård K, Vaara J, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Hämäläinen K. Charge localization in alcohol isomers studied by Compton scattering. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:034506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3059421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Huotari S, Hämäläinen K, Diamant R, Sharon R, Kao CC, Deutsch M. Intrashell electron-interaction-mediated photoformation of hollow atoms near threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:043001. [PMID: 18764322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Double photoionization (DPI) of an atom by a single photon is a direct consequence of electron-electron interactions within the atom. We have measured the evolution of the K-shell DPI from threshold up in transition metals by high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy of the Kh alpha hypersatellites, photoexcited by monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The measured evolution of the single-to-double photoionization cross-section ratio with excitation energy was found to be universal. Theoretical fits suggest that near threshold DPI is predominantly a semiclassical knockout effect, rather than the purely quantum-mechanical shake-off observed at the infinite photon energy limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huotari
- ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble cedex, France
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Nowee ME, Dorsman JC, Piek JMJ, Kosma VM, Hämäläinen K, Verheijen RHM, van Diest PJ. HER-2/neu and p27Kip1 in progression of Fallopian tube carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and array comparative genomic hybridization study. Histopathology 2007; 51:666-73. [PMID: 17927588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine expression of p53, HER-2/neu and p27(Kip1) in serous Fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC) in relation to stage and grade, and to investigate DNA copy number changes of HER-2 and P27KIP1 as a potential mechanism of altered expression status. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry was performed on 28 serous FTCs and 10 normal Fallopian tubes. p53 protein accumulated and p27(Kip1) was down-regulated significantly in early-stage FTCs compared with normal Fallopian tubes. HER-2/neu overexpression was absent in normal Fallopian tubes and in all stage I FTCs (n = 6) but present in 57% (12/21) of advanced-stage FTCs. No differences in expression between grade 2 and 3 tumours were detected. HER-2 gain/amplification was found by array comparative genomic hybridization in 23% (3/13) of analysed FTCs and all showed overexpression. HER-2/neu overexpression also occurred without DNA copy number changes in three other cases. For p27(Kip1), expression and DNA copy number were unrelated. CONCLUSIONS p53 accumulation and p27(Kip1) down-regulation seem to be early events in Fallopian tube carcinogenesis. HER-2/neu showed overexpression, caused by gain/amplification in 50%, and may be involved in progression of FTC. These data contribute to a better understanding of the molecular carcinogenesis of FTC and to possible new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Nowee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
SummaryThe distribution of210Po and210Pb in various particle-size fractions in Finnish groundwater was studied at five private homes. Each site had water treatment equipment comprising either an ion exchange unit or a granular activated carbon filter. Samples of both raw and treated water were filtered using pore sizes ranging from 450 nm to 100 kDa and the activity concentration of210Po and210Pb in the filtrate was determined. In untreated groundwater 86% of210Pb, on average, was found in the large particle fraction (>450 nm). However, in Fe- and Mn-rich water with a high Fe/Mn ratio and in organic-rich water, the majority of210Pb was found in either the intermediate particle (100 kDa–450 nm) or small particle (<100 kDa) fractions. Compared to210Pb,210Po was bound more to the intermediate and small particle fraction. After water treatment,210Pb was found most frequently in the large particle fraction. The size distribution of particle-bound210Po was not as clear as that for210Pb, and in treated water,210Po was more evenly distributed among fractions. The ion exchange unit removed210Pb and210Po bound to the intermediate or small particle fraction, whereas the efficiency of the activated carbon filters in removing210Pb and210Po was independent of the particle size.
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Nowee ME, Snijders AM, Rockx DAP, de Wit RM, Kosma VM, Hämäläinen K, Schouten JP, Verheijen RHM, van Diest PJ, Albertson DG, Dorsman JC. DNA profiling of primary serous ovarian and fallopian tube carcinomas with array comparative genomic hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. J Pathol 2007; 213:46-55. [PMID: 17668415 DOI: 10.1002/path.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary serous ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) and serous Fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC), both belonging to the BRCA-linked tumour spectrum, share many properties and are treated similarly. However, a detailed molecular comparison has been lacking. We hypothesized that comparative genomic studies of serous OVCAs and FTCs should point to gene regions critically involved in their tumorigenesis. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis indicated that serous OVCAs and serous FTCs displayed common but also more distinctive patterns of recurrent changes. Targeted gene identification using a dedicated multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) probe set directly identified EIF2C2 on 8q as a potentially important driver gene. Other previously unappreciated gained/amplified genes included PSMB4 on 1q, MTSS1 on 8q, TEAD4 and TSPAN9 on 12p, and BCAS4 on 20q. SPINT2 and ACTN4 on 19q were predominantly found in FTCs. Gains/amplifications of CCNE1 and MYC, often in conjunction with changes in genes of the AKT pathway, EVI1 and PTK2, seemed to be involved at earlier stages, whereas changes of ERBB2 were associated with advanced stages. The only BRCA1-mutated FTC shared common denominators with the sporadic tumours. In conclusion, the data suggest that serous OVCAs and FTCs, although related, exhibit differences in genomic profiles. In addition to known pathways, new genes/pathways are likely to be involved, with changes in an miRNA-associated gene, EIF2C2, as one important new feature. Dedicated MLPA sets constitute potentially important tools for differential diagnosis and may provide footholds for tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Nowee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nygård K, Hakala M, Manninen S, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Hämäläinen K. Configurational energetics in ice ih probed by compton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:197401. [PMID: 18233110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-induced changes in the ground-state electron momentum density of polycrystalline ice Ih are studied with high accuracy by Compton scattering utilizing synchrotron radiation. A unique feasibility of the technique to provide direct experimental information on configurational enthalpies and heat capacities is demonstrated. The configurational enthalpy, obtained with an accuracy of 1.5 meV, evolves linearly with temperature above T=100 K. Consequently the configurational heat capacity is found to be constant, c{p}{config}=(0.44+/-0.11) J g{-1} K-1, in this temperature regime. Obtaining these quantities experimentally is fundamentally important for evaluating the accuracy of molecular-dynamics simulations schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nygård
- Division of X-Ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Sillanpää S, Anttila M, Suhonen K, Hämäläinen K, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Puistola U, Tammi M, Sironen R, Saarikoski S, Kosma VM. Prognostic significance of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2007; 28:280-9. [PMID: 17962725 DOI: 10.1159/000110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the prognostic significance of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in epithelial ovarian cancer as well as their relation to hyaluronan (HA) expression. METHODS The expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-2 was analyzed immunohistochemically in 295 primary epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 67 metastases. RESULTS A low membranous EMMPRIN expression was detected more often in serous tumors than in other types (p < 0.0005) and it was associated with tumors of advanced stage (p = 0.012) or with a large primary residual (p = 0.011). A low expression of MMP-2 in cancer cells was associated with a high histologic grade (grade 3) of the tumor (p = 0.005) and endometrioid type of tumors (p < 0.0005). Stromal MMP-2 expression was significantly associated with strong stromal HA expression (p = 0.002, r = 0.187). In univariate analysis, 10-year disease-related (DRS) and recurrence-free survivals were significantly better when MMP-2 expression in cancer cells was high (p = 0.0057 and p = 0.0467, respectively). DRS was also better when membranous EMMPRIN expression was high (p = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, strong MMP-2 in cancer cells (RR = 1.48, CI = 1.07-2.04, p = 0.017) indicated favorable DRS. CONCLUSION Our results show that EMMPRIN and MMP-2 in cancer cells are significant indicators of a favorable prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sillanpää
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
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Nygård K, Hakala M, Pylkkänen T, Manninen S, Buslaps T, Itou M, Andrejczuk A, Sakurai Y, Odelius M, Hämäläinen K. Isotope quantum effects in the electron momentum density of water. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:154508. [PMID: 17461648 DOI: 10.1063/1.2723093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isotope quantum effects in the ground-state electron momentum density of water are studied at temperatures ranging from 5 to 90 degrees C by combining Compton scattering experiments utilizing synchrotron radiation and computational analysis within density functional theory. We observe clear differences in the momentum density between normal and heavy water at room temperature, which are interpreted as predominantly reflecting intramolecular structural differences. The changes in the momentum density upon increasing the temperature are found to be larger for heavy than for normal water, which is attributed primarily to temperature-induced intramolecular structural effects. Both model computations and an ab initio approach qualitatively reproduce the changes in the momentum density as a function of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nygård
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Diamant R, Huotari S, Hämäläinen K, Sharon R, Kao C, Deutsch M. The evolution of inner-shell multielectronic X-ray spectra from threshold to saturation for low- to high-Z atoms. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nygård K, Hakala M, Manninen S, Andrejczuk A, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Pettersson LGM, Hämäläinen K. Compton scattering study of water versus ice Ih: intra- and intermolecular structure. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 74:031503. [PMID: 17025636 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.031503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bond geometries in water and polycrystalline ice Ih are studied using synchrotron radiation-based Compton scattering data of unprecedented statistical accuracy and consistency. By combining the experimental data with model calculations utilizing density functional theory, we show that the technique provides unique and complementary information on hydrogen bonding in water. The comparison of water and ice indicates the necessity of including a local intra-intermolecular geometric correlation for water, relating the intramolecular O-H bond length to the corresponding hydrogen-bond geometry. By using the hydrogen-bond geometries obeying this correlation, we demonstrate a further constraint on the angular distortions of the hydrogen bonds in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nygård
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Hakala M, Nygård K, Manninen S, Huotari S, Buslaps T, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM, Hämäläinen K. Correlation of hydrogen bond lengths and angles in liquid water based on Compton scattering. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:084504. [PMID: 16965026 DOI: 10.1063/1.2273627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature-dependent hydrogen-bond geometry in liquid water is studied by x-ray Compton scattering using synchrotron radiation combined with density functional theory analysis. Systematic changes, related to the weakening of hydrogen bonding, are observed in the shape of the Compton profile upon increasing the temperature. Using model calculations and published distribution functions of hydrogen-bond geometries obtained from a NMR study we find a significant correlation between the hydrogen-bond length and angle. This imposes a new constraint on the possible local structure distributions in liquid water. In particular, the angular distortions of the short hydrogen bonds are significantly restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hakala
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Diamant R, Huotari S, Hämäläinen K, Sharon R, Kao CC, Deutsch M. Diagram X-ray emission spectra of a hollow atom: the Kh alpha1,2 and Kh beta1,3 hypersatellites of Fe. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:193001. [PMID: 14611577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution Fe K(h) beta(1,3) and K(h) alpha(1,2) hypersatellite spectra were measured, using monochromatized synchrotron radiation photoexcitation. The lines' energies, splitting, excitation thresholds, and the K(h) alpha(1)/K(h) alpha(2) intensity ratio were derived with high accuracy. Having both spectra, not hitherto available for any atom with high resolution, allows separating out the energy shifts of the outer levels caused by a K shell spectator vacancy. Comparison with ab initio relativistic multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock calculations reveals that while the influence of relativity and QED effects is mostly accounted for, discrepancies remain in the lines' intensity ratio, which sensitively measures the intermediacy of the coupling. Similar discrepancies, of unknown origin, are found in the energy shifts of the outer levels due to the final-state K shell spectator vacancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diamant
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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McCarthy JE, Cooper MJ, Lawson PK, Timms DN, Manninen SO, Hämäläinen K, Suortti P. High-energy magnetic compton scattering from iron. J Synchrotron Radiat 1997; 4:102-9. [PMID: 16699214 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049596015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic Compton profile of Fe [111] was measured using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation at incident energies of 84.4, 167.2 and 256.0 keV on the high-energy beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. It was found that the momentum resolution of these experiments, which use semiconductor detectors, improves by almost a factor of two over what was previously possible by this technique at photon energies of approximately (1/10)mc(2). It was also observed that all three spectra reduced to the magnetic Compton profile, describing the spin-dependent ground-state momentum density, and that within the experimental error the integrated intensity of the magnetic effect scaled as predicted by the cross section derived in the limit of energies much less than the rest energy of the electron. The magnetic Compton profile of Fe [111], measured using 167.2 keV incident energy and with momentum resolution of 0.42 a.u., was compared with the prediction from a full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave model profile. The fine structure predicted by theory was confirmed by the experimental profile at this improved resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E McCarthy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France
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Hämäläinen K, Manninen S, Kao C, Caliebe W, Hastings JB, Bansil A, Kaprzyk S, Platzman PM. High resolution Compton scattering study of Be. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:5453-5459. [PMID: 9986504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.5453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Deutsch M, Gang O, Hämäläinen K, Kao CC. Onset and near threshold evolution of the Cu K alpha x-ray satellites. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:2424-2427. [PMID: 10060696 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Manninen S, Honkimäki V, Hämäläinen K, Laukkanen J, Blaas C, Redinger J, McCarthy J, Suortti P. Compton-scattering study of the electronic properties of the transition-metal alloys FeAl, CoAl, and NiAl. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:7714-7720. [PMID: 9982215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lawson PK, Timms DN, Dixon MA, Cooper MJ, McCarthy JE, Hämäläinen K, Manninen S, Tschentscher T. The spin dependent momentum density of hexagonal close packed cobalt. J Xray Sci Technol 1996; 6:299-307. [PMID: 21307529 DOI: 10.3233/xst-1996-6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Directional-spin-dependent Compton profiles of ferromagnetic hexagonal close packed cobalt metal have been measured with 117 keV and 167 keV circularly polarized synchrotron radiation at the new ESRF high energy beamline. Significantly improved resolution was achieved at the higher energy. The results have been compared with the profile predicted from an augmented plane wave (APW) calculation of the electron momentum density in the hexagonal phase. No significant difference was found between the c-axis and the basal plane magnetic profiles. The experiments show that there is substantially more 3d spin density at high momentum than in the model calculation. After correcting for this deficiency we find that the 4s-p component of the momentum density remains significantly different than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Lawson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Blaas C, Redinger J, Manninen S, Honkimäki V, Hämäläinen K, Suortti P. High Resolution Compton Scattering in Fermi Surface Studies: Application to FeAl. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:1984-1987. [PMID: 10059179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Krisch MH, Sette F, Kao CC, Caliebe WA, Hastings JB, Hämäläinen K. Evidence for a quadrupolar excitation channel at the LIII edge of gadolinium by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:4931-4934. [PMID: 10058635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Pizzini S, Fontaine A, Hämäläinen K, Kao CC, Hastings JB. Local-spin-selective x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism of MnP. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:1045-1052. [PMID: 9978255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
Jumping drills that include several successive take-offs are popular in many sports events. An understanding of the effects of fatigue on biomechanical parameters during continuous jumping drills is important when selecting drills and their durations for sports training. In the present study, effects of continuous hurdle jumping on myoelectrical (EMG) activity, ground reaction forces, vertical movements of the body's centre of mass and knee joint angle kinematics were studied among eight male volleyball players (age 20-26 years). The subjects jumped hurdles (height 0.65 m) continuously for 45 s with bilateral foot contacts. All of the take-offs were performed from force-platforms which registered the three components of ground reaction force. The two middle take-offs in both directions were used for further analysis. Knee angular data were recorded by an electrical goniometer for determination of angular displacement and velocity. The jumping was videotaped sagittally to determine the location of the centre of mass at different phases of contact and flight, as well as to calculate the movement amplitude for the centre of mass. The EMG activity was monitored using surface electrodes, full-wave rectified and averaged for a pre-contact period of 55 ms as well as for the eccentric and concentric phases of contact for the M. rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis. The ground reaction forces and knee angular data were used to determine the eccentric and concentric phases of contact. The average EMG activity of the knee extensor muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of contact increased during the jumping drill.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Viitasalo
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Fyväskylä, Finland
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Hämäläinen K, Kao C, Hastings JB, Siddons DP, Berman LE, Stojanoff V, Cramer SP. Spin-dependent x-ray absorption of MnO and MnF2. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:14274-14277. [PMID: 10003517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Soininen K, Gerlin-Piira L, Suihkonen J, Kyllönen T, Parviainen R, Kyllönen E, Hämäläinen K, Lonka R, Tikkanen T, Selonen R. A study of the effects of lisinopril when used in addition to atenolol. J Hum Hypertens 1992; 6:321-4. [PMID: 1331443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A double-blind, parallel group multicentre study was carried out to compare the effects of adding once daily treatment with lisinopril 10 or 20 mg and placebo to the treatment of 100 patients whose blood pressure was inadequately controlled with once daily atenolol 50 mg. Following a two-week run-in period, patients with a lying DBP between 95 mmHg and 115 mmHg were randomised to either lisinopril 10 mg or placebo once daily for four weeks. Blood pressure measurements were made approximately 24 h after the previous dose of study medication. After four weeks' treatment the dose of study medication was doubled for those patients whose lying DBP was greater than or equal to 90 mmHg and a final assessment was made after a further two weeks of treatment. Overall, six weeks' treatment with lisinopril produced a greater fall in lying blood pressures than placebo when added to atenolol therapy. The difference in favour of the additional ACE inhibitor therapy was 7.1 +/- 2.6/5.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg (mean +/- SEM) (P less than 0.01). Standing blood pressures showed similar behaviour in favour of the additional ACE inhibitor treatment (7.6 +/- 2.4/4.7 +/- 1.6 mmHg) (P less than 0.005). Heart rate was not altered significantly by either lisinopril or placebo treatment. The addition of lisinopril to treatment with atenolol produced a slight increase in the reported number of adverse events compared with placebo. The results of this study indicate that the addition of lisinopril 10-20 mg once daily to treatment with a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug produces a worthwhile decrease in blood pressure in patients not responsive to beta-blocker therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soininen
- Etelä-Saimaa Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
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Manninen S, Hämäläinen K. High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering study of the boron K absorption edge. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:3878-3881. [PMID: 10001988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hämäläinen K, Siddons DP, Hastings JB, Berman LE. Elimination of the inner-shell lifetime broadening in x-ray-absorption spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:2850-2853. [PMID: 10044570 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Manninen S, Hämäläinen K, Graeffe J. Inelastic photon scattering from K-shell electrons of Cu and Zr. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:1224-1226. [PMID: 9993826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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