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McGrath R, Johnson N, Klawitter L, Mahoney S, Trautman K, Carlson C, Rockstad E, Hackney KJ. What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120910358. [PMID: 32166029 PMCID: PMC7052448 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120910358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Measures of handgrip strength can be used to conveniently assess overall muscle
strength capacity. Although stand-alone measures of handgrip strength provide
robust health information, the clinical meaningfulness to determine prevention
and treatment options for weakness remains limited because the etiology of
muscle weakness remains unclear. Moreover, clinical outcomes associated with
handgrip strength are wide-ranging. Therefore, disentangling how handgrip
strength is associated with health conditions that are metabolically or
neurologically driven may improve our understanding of the factors linked to
handgrip strength. The purpose of this topical review was to highlight and
summarize evidence examining the associations of handgrip strength with certain
health outcomes that are metabolically and neurologically driven. From this
perusal of the literature, we posit that stand-alone handgrip strength be
considered an umbrella assessment of the body systems that contribute to
strength capacity, and a panoptic measurement of muscle strength that is
representative of overall health status, not a specific health condition.
Recommendations for future strength capacity–related research are also
provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lukus Klawitter
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sean Mahoney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kara Trautman
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Caroline Carlson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ella Rockstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Hackney KJ, Trautman K, Johnson N, Mcgrath R, Stastny S. Protein and muscle health during aging: benefits and concerns related to animal-based protein. Anim Front 2019; 9:12-17. [PMID: 32002269 PMCID: PMC6951965 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Kara Trautman
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Ryan Mcgrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Sherri Stastny
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Sawyer B, Trautman K, Kotarsky C, Scheffert R, Rockstad E, Weber J, Johnson L, Hackney K, Byun W, Stastny S. Is total Animal- or Plant-Based Protein Intake Correlated with Strength and Endurance in Middle-Aged Men and Women? J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cheng R, Juo SH, Loth JE, Nee J, Iossifov I, Blumenthal R, Sharpe L, Kanyas K, Lerer B, Lilliston B, Smith M, Trautman K, Gilliam TC, Endicott J, Baron M. Genome-wide linkage scan in a large bipolar disorder sample from the National Institute of Mental Health genetics initiative suggests putative loci for bipolar disorder, psychosis, suicide, and panic disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:252-60. [PMID: 16402137 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a 9-cM genome scan in a large bipolar pedigree sample from the National Institute of Mental Health genetics initiative (1060 individuals from 154 multiplex families). We performed parametric and nonparametric analyses using both standard diagnostic models and comorbid conditions thought to identify phenotypic subtypes: psychosis, suicidal behavior, and panic disorder. Our strongest linkage signals (genome-wide significance) were observed on chromosomes 10q25, 10p12, 16q24, 16p13, and 16p12 using standard diagnostic models, and on 6q25 (suicidal behavior), 7q21 (panic disorder) and 16p12 (psychosis) using phenotypic subtypes. Several other regions were suggestive of linkage, including 1p13 (psychosis), 1p21 (psychosis), 1q44, 2q24 (suicidal behavior), 2p25 (psychosis), 4p16 (psychosis, suicidal behavior), 5p15, 6p25 (psychosis), 8p22 (psychosis), 8q24, 10q21, 10q25 (suicidal behavior), 10p11 (psychosis), 13q32 and 19p13 (psychosis). Over half the implicated regions were identified using phenotypic subtypes. Several regions - 1p, 1q, 6q, 8p, 13q and 16p - have been previously reported to be linked to bipolar disorder. Our results suggest that dissection of the disease phenotype can enrich the harvest of linkage signals and expedite the search for susceptibility genes. This is the first large-scale linkage scan of bipolar disorder to analyze simultaneously bipolar disorder, psychosis, suicidal behavior, and panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cheng
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Hasin D, Trautman K, Endicott J. Psychiatric research interview for substance and mental disorders: phenomenologically based diagnosis in patients who abuse alcohol or drugs. Psychopharmacol Bull 1998; 34:3-8. [PMID: 9564191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM) is a psychiatric diagnostic interview designed to diagnose DSM-IV substance and mental disorders in patients who abuse alcohol or drugs. Primary disorders tested in the DSM-III-R version of the interview showed improved reliability over existing instruments, and substantially improved reliability for major depressive disorder (MDD). Developments for DSM-IV include a systematic set of procedures for differentiating primary disorders, substance-induced disorders, and the expected effects of intoxication and withdrawal based on the phenomenology of symptoms in conjunction with alcohol and drug use. A longitudinal version of the PRISM provides data on remission and relapse that can be analyzed with survival methods. Pilot and preliminary testing of the DSM-IV and longitudinal versions of the instruments is presented. By making use of psychometric principles, particularly the need to reduce criterion variance, these instruments can clarify some of the longstanding issues in the diagnosis of patients who abuse alcohol and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hasin
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
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Vijayaraghavan S, Stephens DT, Trautman K, Smith GD, Khatra B, da Cruz e Silva EF, Greengard P. Sperm motility development in the epididymis is associated with decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 and protein phosphatase 1 activity. Biol Reprod 1996; 54:709-18. [PMID: 8835395 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod54.3.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immotile bovine caput epididymal sperm contain levels of protein phosphatase activity twofold higher than do mature motile caudal sperm. Comparison of the inhibition profiles of endogenous phosphatase activities detected by okadaic acid (OA) and calyculin A (CA) revealed a pattern consistent with the predominance of a type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1). Immunoblot analysis identified PP1 gamma 2 (the testis-specific isoform of PP1) as the only PP1 isoform in sperm and showed little protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). In addition, of the known PP1 inhibitors, i.e., DARPP-32, inhibitor 1 (I1), and inhibitor 2 (I2), only I2-like activity was detected in sperm. Inhibition of PP1 by the heat-stable I2-like activity purified from sperm could be reversed with purified glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Furthermore, sperm extracts contain an inactive complex of PP1 and I2 (termed PP1I) that could also be activated by purified GSK-3. The presence of GSK-3 in sperm was demonstrated by activation of purified PP1I, and quantitation revealed that immotile caput sperm contained sixfold higher GSK-3 activity than motile caudal sperm. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the expression of GSK-3 in sperm and revealed the occurrence of both the alpha and beta isoforms. Our findings suggest that the higher PP1 activity measured in immotile sperm, presumably due to higher GSK-3 activity, is responsible for holding motility in check. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the phosphatase inhibitors OA and CA, at micromolar and nanomolar levels, respectively, were able to induce motility in completely immotile bovine caput epididymal sperm and to stimulate the kinetic activity of mature caudal sperm. The intrasperm levels of cAMP, pH, and calcium were unaltered by treatment with these inhibitors. The results suggest a biochemical basis for the development and regulation of sperm motility and a possible physiological role for the PP1/I2/GSK-3 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijayaraghavan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006, USA
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Vijayaraghavan S, Trautman K, Mishra SK, Hermsmeyer K. Evidence against a functional ATP-dependent calcium extrusion mechanism in bovine epididymal sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 1994; 38:326-33. [PMID: 7917284 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080380314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bovine epididymal sperm resuspended in ionic buffers take up relatively large amounts of calcium. This uptake, which is almost entirely mitochondrial, apparently bypasses the sperm cytosol. The direct mitochondrial loading is an unusual aspect of sperm calcium uptake, which suggests that the plasma membrane region surrounding the mitochondria should be highly permeable to calcium, whereas the membrane domains surrounding the head and tail regions of sperm should be impermeable. This study was undertaken to determine the role of a plasma membrane calcium ATPase in sperm calcium homeostasis. Kinetics of calcium (45Ca2+) uptake into intact and permeabilized caudal epididymal sperm confirmed that mitochondrial calcium uptake occurs with virtually no resistance from the surrounding plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic calcium accumulation by sperm depleted of intracellular ATP, measured in the presence of mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitors, showed no increase upon energy depletion as would be expected if an ATP-dependent calcium extrusion mechanism were present. Furthermore, lowering the incubation temperature to further reduce the activity of the calcium ATPase in these energy-depleted sperm was also without effect on calcium accumulation. The calcium ATPase inhibitor vanadate, even at high concentrations, failed to increase intracellular 45Ca2+ accumulation. However, vanadate was effective in inhibiting motility showing that the compound was accumulated into sperm to inhibit flagellar dyenin ATPase. Therefore, the lack of effect of vanadate on 45Ca2+ accumulation was not due to its inability to enter sperm. Other calcium ATPase inhibitors such as quercetin, thapsigargin, and cyclopiazonic acid, which readily demonstrate ATP-dependent calcium extrusion in other somatic cells, were also without effect on sperm calcium accumulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006
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