1
|
Winchester NE, Panigrahi S, Haria A, Chakraborty A, Su X, Chen B, Morris SR, Clagett BM, Juchnowski SM, Yadavalli R, Villinger F, Paiardini M, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Calabrese LH, Margolis L, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Gianella S, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Cytomegalovirus Infection Facilitates the Costimulation of CD57+CD28- CD8 T Cells in HIV Infection and Atherosclerosis via the CD2-LFA-3 Axis. J Immunol 2024; 212:245-257. [PMID: 38047900 PMCID: PMC10843654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells are emerging as important mediators in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Immune activation may play a particular role in people with HIV (PWH) who are at an increased risk of CVD, even after controlling for known CVD risk factors. Latent CMV infection is associated with increased CVD risk for both PWH and people without HIV, and human CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells are enriched for an immunosenescent phenotype. We previously showed that CMV coinfection in PWH promotes vascular homing and activation of inflammatory CD4 T cells through the CD2-LFA-3 axis. However, the role of CD2/LFA3 costimulation of CD8 T cells in PWH with CMV has yet to be described. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD2 expression on CX3CR1+CD57+CD28- inflammescent CD8 T cells is increased on cells from CMV-seropositive PWH. In vitro CD2/LFA-3 costimulation enhances TCR-mediated activation of these inflammatory CD8 memory T cells. Finally, we show that LFA-3 is highly expressed in aortas of SIV-infected rhesus macaques and in atherosclerotic plaques of people without HIV. Our findings are consistent with a model in which CMV infection enhances CD2 expression on highly proinflammatory CD8 T cells that can then be stimulated by LFA-3 expressed in the vasculature, even in the absence of CD28 costimulation. This model, in which CMV infection exacerbates toxic cytokine and granzyme production by CD8 T cells within the vasculature, highlights a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis development and progression, especially for PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Winchester
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anokhi Haria
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Archeesha Chakraborty
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xi Su
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian M. Clagett
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven M. Juchnowski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra Yadavalli
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonard H. Calabrese
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carey L. Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A. Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith JA, Yang L, Chen L, Kumins N, Cho JS, Harth K, Wong V, Kashyap V, Colvard B. Trends and outcomes associated with intravascular ultrasound use during femoropopliteal revascularization in the Vascular Quality Initiative. J Vasc Surg 2023; 78:209-216.e1. [PMID: 36944390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use in lower extremity interventions is growing in popularity owing to its imaging in the axial plane, superior detail in imaging lesion characteristics, and its enhanced ability to delineate lesion severity and extent compared with catheter angiograms. However, there are conflicting data regarding whether IVUS affects outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect associated with IVUS implementation in femoropopliteal interventions. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used Vascular Quality Initiative data. Patients undergoing an index endovascular femoropopliteal revascularization from 2016 to 2021 were included. Patients were differentiated by whether or not IVUS was used to assess the femoropopliteal segment during intervention (no IVUS, IVUS). Propensity score matching, based on preoperative demographics and measures of disease severity was used. Primary outcomes were major amputation-free survival (AFS), femoropopliteal reintervention-free survival (RFS), and primarily patent survival (PPS) at 12 months. RESULTS IVUS use grew steadily throughout the study period, comprising 0.6% of interventions in 2016 and increasing to 8.2% of interventions by 2021; growth was most dramatic in ambulatory surgical center or office-based laboratory settings where IVUS use grew from 4.4% to 43% to 47% of interventions. In unmatched cohorts, patients receiving interventions using IVUS tended to have lower prevalence of multiple cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and dialysis dependence) and presented more often with claudication and less often with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Intraoperatively, IVUS was used more often in complex femoropopliteal lesions (Transatlantic Intersociety grade D vs A), and more often in conjunction with stenting and/or atherectomy. IVUS use was associated with improved AFS, but similar RFS and PPS at 12 months. However, in multivariable analysis IVUS was not associated with any of the primary outcomes independently; rather, all outcomes were influenced primarily by CLTI, dialysis dependence, and prior major amputation status; technical outcomes (ie, RFS and PPS loss) were further driven by complexity of lesion (worse in Transatlantic Intersociety grade D vs A lesions) and treatment setting (ie, ambulatory surgical center or office-based laboratory setting associated with increased hazard for RFS and PPS loss). CONCLUSIONS IVUS implementation in femoropopliteal interventions is growing, with rapid adoption among interventions in ambulatory surgical centers and office-based laboratories. IVUS was not associated with an effect on technical outcomes at 12 months; improvement in major AFS was observed; however, multivariable analysis suggests this finding may be an effect of confounding by multiple factors highly associated with IVUS use, namely, in patients with lower prevalence of CLTI, dialysis dependence, and prior major amputations, thus conveying baseline lower risk for major amputation and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Smith
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Lucy Yang
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lin Chen
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Norman Kumins
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jae S Cho
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Karem Harth
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Virginia Wong
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vikram Kashyap
- Frederik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Benjamin Colvard
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dervishi M, Al-Natour M, Thomas JP, Harth K. Multidisciplinary Approach to Venous Disease: Enhancing Patient Care and Trainee Education Through Collaboration. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 26:100902. [PMID: 37865452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvir.2023.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The full spectrum of venous disease poses a significant burden on individuals and health-care systems globally. Venous disease can lead to a wide range of symptoms based on the level of disease and underlying pathology. In general, underlying pathologies are due to nonthrombotic (reflux/obstructive) and thrombotic causes. Most conditions are a sequela of the long-term effects of chronic venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or nonthrombotic deep vein obstruction. The prevalence of venous disease is substantial, impacting the quality of life of a considerable proportion of the adult population. Untreated and progressive lower extremity venous disease can lead to venous ulceration and other complications. Additionally, poorly recognized and poorly understood venous conditions of the abdomen and pelvis leave many patients "orphaned" in health-care systems that lack expertise in complex venous conditions. Addressing the burden and breadth of venous disease requires comprehensive management approaches, early diagnosis, appropriate treatment interventions, and provider and patient education. Multidisciplinary collaborations and further research are essential to enhance our understanding, develop innovative therapies, and improve patient outcomes in the field of venous disease. In this paper, we highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and our journey to building an institutional venous team, as well as lessons learned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dervishi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH
| | - Mohamed Al-Natour
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH
| | - Jones P Thomas
- Vascular Surgery, INTEGRIS Cardiovascular Physicians, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Karem Harth
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harth K, Wang Y, Martin S. Venous Stent Usage Trends in the United States Between 2014 and 2021. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
5
|
Smith JA, Chen L, Yang L, Wong V, Harth K, Kumins NH, Cho JS, Kashyap VS, Colvard B. Intravascular Ultrasound Confers No Benefit in Aortoiliac Revascularization. J Vasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.03.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Shishehbor MH, Hammad TA, Rhone TJ, Younes A, Kumins N, Abdullah A, Li J, Harth K, Carman TL, Gornik HL, Pronovost PJ, Kashyap VS. Impact of Interdisciplinary System-Wide Limb Salvage Advisory Council on Lower Extremity Major Amputation. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 15:e011306. [PMID: 34930016 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.011306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi H Shishehbor
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tarek A Hammad
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tonia J Rhone
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ahmad Younes
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Norman Kumins
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jun Li
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Teresa L Carman
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Heather L Gornik
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Peter J Pronovost
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vikram S Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dolganov PV, Shuravin NS, Dolganov VK, Kats EI, Stannarius R, Harth K, Trittel T, Park CS, Maclennan JE. Transient hexagonal structures in sheared emulsions of isotropic inclusions on smectic bubbles in microgravity conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19144. [PMID: 34580344 PMCID: PMC8476617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the collective behavior of isotropic droplets dispersed over a spherical smectic bubble, observed under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS). We find that droplets can form two-dimensional hexagonal structures changing with time. Our analysis indicates the possibility of spatial and temporal periodicity of such structures of droplets. Quantitative analysis of the hexagonal structure including the first three coordination circles was performed. A peculiar periodic-in-time ordering of the droplets, related to one-dimensional motion of droplets with non-uniform velocity, was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Dolganov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISSP RAS), 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - N S Shuravin
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISSP RAS), 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - V K Dolganov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISSP RAS), 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - E I Kats
- L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - R Stannarius
- Institute of Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Harth
- Institute of Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Trittel
- Institute of Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C S Park
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - J E Maclennan
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
King A, Ambani R, Bose S, Thomas J, Harth K, Cho J, Kashyap V, Kumins N. Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Patients Treated With Paclitaxel-Coated Versus Uncoated Balloons. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Panigrahi S, Chen B, Fang M, Potashnikova D, Komissarov AA, Lebedeva A, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Morris SR, Sieg SF, Paiardini M, Villinger FJ, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Cameron MJ, Cameron CM, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Younes SA, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008885. [PMID: 32976527 PMCID: PMC7540902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gillian M. Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States of America
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ambani RN, Bose S, King AH, Kashyap VS, Cho J, Harth K, Wong V, Colvard B, Kumins NH. Utility of Single-Branched Thoracic Endograft in Patients Requiring Zone 2 Seal During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
King AH, Ambani R, Bose S, Thomas JP, Harth K, Cho J, Kashyap VS, Kumins N. A Propensity-Matched Analysis Demonstrates Lower Mortality and Major Amputation in Patients Treated With Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons Versus Uncoated Balloons. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
King AH, Ambani R, Bose S, Thomas JP, Harth K, Cho J, Kashyap VS, Kumins N. Clinical Outcomes Differ After Femoropopliteal Artery Treatment Between Individual Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Chen B, Morris SR, Panigrahi S, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Komissarov AA, Potashnikova D, Lebedeva A, Younes SA, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Zidar DA, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Funderburg NT, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Is Associated with Increased Vascular-Homing CD57 + CD4 T Cells in HIV Infection. J Immunol 2020; 204:2722-2733. [PMID: 32229536 PMCID: PMC7315224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 T cells are linked to cardiovascular morbidities and accumulate in both HIV and CMV infections, both of which are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we identify CMV coinfection as a major driver of the cytotoxic phenotype, characterized by elevated CD57 expression and reduced CD28 expression, in circulating CD4 T cells from people living with HIV infection, and investigate potential mechanisms linking this cell population to CVD. We find that human CD57+ CD4 T cells express high levels of the costimulatory receptor CD2 and that CD2/LFA-3 costimulation results in a more robust and polyfunctional effector response to TCR signals, compared with CD28-mediated costimulation. CD57+ CD4 T cells also express the vascular endothelium-homing receptor CX3CR1 and migrate toward CX3CL1-expressing endothelial cells in vitro. IL-15 promotes the cytotoxic phenotype, elevates CX3CR1 expression, and enhances the trafficking of CD57+ CD4 T cells to endothelium and may therefore be important in linking these cells to cardiovascular complications. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of activated CD57+ CD4 T cells and expression of CX3CL1 and LFA-3 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues from HIV-uninfected donors. Our findings are consistent with a model in which cytotoxic CD4 T cells contribute to CVD in HIV/CMV coinfection and in atherosclerosis via CX3CR1-mediated trafficking and CD2/LFA-3-mediated costimulation. This study identifies several targets for therapeutic interventions and may help bridge the gap in understanding how CMV infection and immunity are linked to increased cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Stephen R Morris
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gillian M Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jonathan M Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Vikram S Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David A Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Carey L Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Freeman ML, Chen B, Morris SR, Panigrahi S, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Komissarov AA, Potashnikova D, Lebedeva A, Younes SA, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Zidar DA, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Funderburg NT, Gianella S, Lederman MM. Cytomegalovirus coinfection is associated with increased vascular-homing CD57+ CD4 T cells in HIV infection. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.225.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 T cells are linked to cardiovascular morbidities and accumulate in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, both of which are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we identify CMV coinfection as a major driver of the cytotoxic phenotype – characterized by elevated CD57 expression and reduced CD28 expression – in circulating CD4 T cells from people living with HIV infection (PLWH). We find that CD57+ CD4 T cells express high levels of the costimulatory receptor CD2 and that CD2/LFA-3 costimulation results in a more robust and polyfunctional effector response to T cell receptor (TCR) signals, compared to CD28-mediated costimulation. CD57+ CD4 T cells also express the vascular endothelium-homing receptor CX3CR1 and migrate toward CX3CL1-expressing endothelial cells in vitro. IL-15 promotes the cytotoxic phenotype, elevates CX3CR1 expression, and enhances the trafficking of CD57+ CD4 T cells, and may therefore be important in linking these cells to cardiovascular complications. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of CD57+ CD4 T cells and expression of IL-15, CX3CL1, and LFA-3 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues from HIV-uninfected donors. Our findings are consistent with a model in which cytotoxic CD4 T cells contribute to cardiovascular disease in HIV/CMV coinfection and in atherosclerosis via CX3CR1-mediated trafficking and CD2-mediated costimulation, and may help bridge the gap in understanding how CMV infection and immunity are linked to increased cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Freeman
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Bonnie Chen
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephen R Morris
- 2Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Med. Ctr
- 3Univ. of Miami Miller Sch. of Med
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gillian M Michaelson
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jonathan M Wyrick
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Daria Potashnikova
- 4Moscow State Univ. of Med. and Dent., Russia
- 5Moscow State Univ., Russia
| | | | | | - Karem Harth
- 6Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
| | - Vikram S Kashyap
- 6Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
| | | | | | - David A Zidar
- 2Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Med. Ctr
- 6Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
| | - Scott F Sieg
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Michael M Lederman
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manzano G, Brown C, Harth K, Ochenjele G. Acute Presentation of a Pseudoaneurysm After a Proximal Humerus Shaft Fracture: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2020; 10:e0131. [PMID: 32224663 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.19.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE A 69-year-old woman presented with a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm causing median, ulnar, and radial nerve compressive neuropathies 8 weeks after a proximal humerus shaft fracture treated with intramedullary nailing. She underwent a brachial artery bypass with a reverse cephalic vein interposition graft and neurolysis after decompression of a large pseudoaneurysm. Postoperatively, the patient had a normal vascular examination with recovering neurological function. CONCLUSIONS A high index of suspicion for a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm should be maintained in patients with a displaced proximal humerus shaft fracture, particularly when an abnormal neurovascular examination is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Givenchy Manzano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Corina Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karem Harth
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George Ochenjele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
We demonstrate controlled material transport driven by temperature differences in thin freely suspended smectic films. Films with submicrometer thicknesses and lateral extensions of several millimeters were studied in microgravity during suborbital rocket flights. In-plane temperature differences cause two specific Marangoni effects, directed flow and convection patterns. At low gradients, practically thresholdless, flow transports material with a normal (negative) temperature coefficient of the surface tension dσ/dT<0 from the hot to the cold film edge, it accumulates at the cold film edge. In materials with dσ/dT>0, the reverse transport from the cold to the hot edge is observed. We present a model that describes the effect quantitatively. It predicts that not the temperature gradient in the film plane but the temperature difference between the thermopads is relevant for the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Trittel
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Harth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Universiteit Twente, Physics of Fluids and Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - C Klopp
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Stannarius
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beiswenger AC, Jo A, Harth K, Kumins NH, Shishehbor MH, Kashyap VS. A systematic review of the efficacy of aspirin monotherapy versus other antiplatelet therapy regimens in peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2018; 67:1922-1932.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
18
|
Kim AH, Shevitz AJ, Morrow KL, Kendrick DE, Harth K, Baele H, Kashyap VS. Characterizing tissue perfusion after lower extremity intervention using two-dimensional color-coded digital subtraction angiography. J Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
Disclinations in liquid crystals bear striking analogies to defect structures in a wide variety of physical systems, and their straightforward optical observability makes them excellent models to study fundamental properties of defect interactions. We employ freely suspended smectic-C films, which behave as quasi-two-dimensional polar nematics. A procedure to capture high-strength disclinations in localized spots is introduced. These disclinations are released in a controlled way, and the motion of the mutually repelling topological charges with strength +1 is studied quantitatively. We demonstrate that the classical models, which employ elastic one-constant approximation, fail to describe their dynamics correctly. In realistic liquid crystals, even small differences between splay and bend constants lead to the selection of pure splay or pure bend +1 defects. For those, the models work only in very special configurations. In general, additional director walls are involved which reinforce the repulsive interactions substantially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stannarius
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Harth
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salili SM, Ostapenko T, Kress O, Bailey C, Weissflog W, Harth K, Eremin A, Stannarius R, Jákli A. Rupture and recoil of bent-core liquid crystal filaments. Soft Matter 2016; 12:4725-4730. [PMID: 27140824 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recoil process of free-standing liquid crystal filaments is investigated experimentally and theoretically. We focus on two aspects, the contraction speed of the filament and a spontaneously formed undulation instability. At the moment of rupture, the filaments buckle similarly to the classical Euler buckling of elastic rods. The tip velocity decays with decreasing filament length. The wavelength of buckling affinely decreases with the retracting filament tip. The energy gain related to the decrease of the total length and surface area of the filaments is mainly dissipated by layer rearrangements during thickening of the fibre. A flow back into the meniscus is relevant only in the final stage of the recoil process. We introduce a model for the quantitative description of the filament retraction speed. The dynamics of this recoil behaviour may find relevance as a model for biology-related filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Salili
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - T Ostapenko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - O Kress
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - C Bailey
- Leidos, 3745 Pentagon Blvd., Beavercreek, OH 45431, USA
| | - W Weissflog
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - K Harth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - A Eremin
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - R Stannarius
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - A Jákli
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Harth K, Mauney A, Stannarius R. Frustrated packing of spheres in a flat container under symmetry-breaking bias. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:030201. [PMID: 25871031 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study statistical properties of packings of monodisperse spheres in a flat box. After "gravitational" filling and appropriate agitation, a nearly regular (in plane) but frustrated (normal to the plane) triangular lattice forms, where beads at individual sites touch either the front or back wall. It has striking analogies to order in antiferromagnetic Ising spin models. When tilting the container, Earth's gravitational field mimics external forces similar to magnetic fields in the spin systems. While packings in vertical containers adopt a frustrated state with statistical correlations between neighboring sites, the configurations continuously approach the predictions of a random Ising model when the cell tilt is increased. Our experiments offer insights into both the influence of geometrical constraints on random granular packing and a descriptive example of frustrated ordering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Harth
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Mauney
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Stannarius
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harth K, Kornek U, Trittel T, Strachauer U, Höme S, Will K, Stannarius R. Granular gases of rod-shaped grains in microgravity. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:144102. [PMID: 25166993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.144102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Granular gases are convenient model systems to investigate the statistical physics of nonequilibrium systems. In the literature, one finds numerous theoretical predictions, but only few experiments. We study a weakly excited dilute gas of rods, confined in a cuboid container in microgravity during a suborbital rocket flight. With respect to a gas of spherical grains at comparable filling fraction, the mean free path is considerably reduced. This guarantees a dominance of grain-grain collisions over grain-wall collisions. No clustering was observed, unlike in similar experiments with spherical grains. Rod positions and orientations were determined and tracked. Translational and rotational velocity distributions are non-Gaussian. Equipartition of kinetic energy between translations and rotations is violated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Harth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - U Kornek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Trittel
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - U Strachauer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Höme
- Institute of Automation Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Will
- Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Stannarius
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eremin A, Baumgarten S, Harth K, Stannarius R, Nguyen ZH, Goldfain A, Park CS, Maclennan JE, Glaser MA, Clark NA. Two-dimensional microrheology of freely suspended liquid crystal films. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:268301. [PMID: 22243186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.268301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Smectic liquid crystals form freely-suspended, fluid films of highly uniform structure and thickness, making them ideal systems for studies of hydrodynamics in two dimensions. We have measured particle mobility and shear viscosity by direct observation of the gravitational drift of silica spheres and smectic islands included in these fluid membranes. In thick films, we observe a hydrodynamic regime dominated by lateral confinement effects, with the mobility of the inclusion determined predominantly by coupling of the fluid flow to the fixed boundaries of the film. In thin films, the mobility of inclusions is governed primarily by coupling of the fluid to the surrounding air, as predicted by Saffman-Delbrück theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Eremin
- Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Institute for Experimental Physics, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Halaweish I, Harth K, Broome AM, Voskerician G, Jacobs MR, Rosen MJ. Novel in vitro model for assessing susceptibility of synthetic hernia repair meshes to Staphylococcus aureus infection using green fluorescent protein-labeled bacteria and modern imaging techniques. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011; 11:449-54. [PMID: 20815759 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2009.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesh infection complicating hernia repair is a major cause of patient morbidity and results in substantial healthcare expenditures. The various constructs of prosthetic mesh may alter the ability of bacteria to attach and form a biofilm. Few data exist evaluating biofilm formation. Using the Maestro in-Vivo Imaging System (CRi, Inc., Woburn, MA) to detect green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Staphylococcus aureus, we studied the ability of synthetic mesh to withstand bacterial biofilm formation in an in vitro model. METHODS We included four meshes: Polypropylene (PP), polypropylene/expanded PTFE (PX), compressed PTFE (cPTFE), and polyester/polyethylene glycol and collagen hydrogel (PE). Five samples of each mesh were exposed to GFP-expressing S. aureus for 18 h at 37°C. Next, green fluorescence was measured using the Maestro Imaging System, with the results expressed in relative fluorescence units (RFU), subtracting the fluorescence of uninfected mesh (control). Each mesh subsequently underwent sonication and quantitative culture of the released bacteria, with the results expressed in colony-forming units (CFU). Analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values for the different meshes. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in bacterial fluorescence for the four meshes: PE (49.9 ± 25.5 [standard deviation] RFU), PX (30.8 ± 9.4 RFU), cPTFE (10.1 ± 4.0 RFU), and PP (5.8 ± 7.5 RFU)(p = 0.001). Bacterial counts also were significantly different: PE (2.2 × 10(8) CFU), PX (8.6 × 10(7) CFU), cPTFE (3.7 × 10(7) CFU), and PP (9.1 × 10(7) CFU)(p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Using novel imaging technology, this study documented significantly different amounts of S. aureus biofilm formation and proliferation on different mesh constructs, with good agreement between imaging and culture results. A multifilament woven mesh (PE) had the highest degree of biofilm formation. These findings are being evaluated in a clinical infection model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Halaweish
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jin J, Voskerician G, Hunter SA, McGee MF, Cavazzola LT, Schomisch S, Harth K, Rosen MJ. Human Peritoneal Membrane Controls Adhesion Formation and Host Tissue Response Following Intra-Abdominal Placement in a Porcine Model. J Surg Res 2009; 156:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Harth K, Stannarius R. Corona patterns around inclusions in freely suspended smectic films. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2009; 28:265-272. [PMID: 19169722 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2008-10404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the structure and physical origin of corona patterns observed around solid or liquid spherical inclusions in freely suspended smectic films. Such patterns are observed when droplets or solid beads of micrometer size are sprayed onto the films. They are found in the smectic C phase and in the smectic A phase above such a smectic C phase, but disappear, for example, at the transition into a lower-temperature smectic B phase. We show that these structures are equivalent to splay domains found in the meniscus of freely suspended films, originating from surface-induced spontaneous splay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Harth
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heins E, Seitz C, Schüz J, Toschke AM, Harth K, Letzel S, Böhler E. [Bedtime, television and computer habits of primary school children in Germany]. Gesundheitswesen 2007; 69:151-7. [PMID: 17440845 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-971061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatricians recommend daily sleep of at least ten hours for children aged 9 and 10 years. Sufficient sleep is necessary for maintaining the body's homeostasis, as well as for fixing memories and learning. Lack of sleep in children has been associated with a diminished school performance, reduced attention span, and obesity. Adulthood is influenced by childhood lifestyle habits. Data from 4th graders in 34 schools in Mainz and its surroundings were analysed in order to determine negative health lifestyle factors in German primary school children, such as lack of sleep and increased leisure time spent watching television and computer gaming. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study regarding cellular phone use in fourth-graders in Mainz were used for this analysis. Bedtime, television and computer use habits, as well as other factors were explored. A total of 1933 children from 34 schools participated by answering a questionnaire in the 2002-2003 school year (participation rate: 88%). Complete data for the secondary analysis were available from 1889 students (51% male, median age 10 years). RESULTS Overall, 28% of the children reported going to bed after 9 pm on week nights, 16% reported watching television more than three hours daily, and 11% played computer or video games more than three hours daily. In the adjusted binary logistic regression model, being older, male, having older siblings, watching television (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.61) and playing computer games (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.24-4.67) for more than three hours daily, owning a mobile phone, and being in a school in the city were associated with going to bed after 9 pm. CONCLUSION Every fourth child does not obtain a sleep duration of 10 hours, under the assumption that primary schoolchildren need to be awake at 7 am on weekdays. Lifestyle factors that may negatively influence a child's development determine their actual and future habits. Sufficient sleep and less television and computer leisure times should be assertively emphasized to parents and carers of primary school students, in order to prevent the negative consequences of lack of sleep, such as diminished school performance. Developing sex-specific prevention programs, which take into account the complex lifestyles and habits of primary schoolchildren, seems to be relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Heins
- Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heins E, Seitz C, Schüz J, Toschke AM, Harth K, Letzel S, Böhler E. Schlafenszeiten, Fernseh- und Computergewohnheiten von Grundschulkindern in Deutschland. Gesundheitswesen 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-948611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
Ganz J, Siegel A, Bussert W, Harth K, Ruf MW, Hotop H, Geiger J, Fink M. On the Ne(2p5ns',nd') autoionisation resonances: high-resolution measurement and quantum defect analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/16/19/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Klar D, Harth K, Ganz J, Kraft T, Ruf MW, Hotop H, Tsemekhman V, Tsemekhman K, Amusia MY. On theJ-dependence of the odd (ns?,J=0,1) autoionization resonances of the rare gases Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01436731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Harth K, Ruf MW, Hotop H. Electron transfer from laser excited rydberg atoms to molecules. Absolute rate constants at low and intermediate principal quantum numbers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01399037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Kraft T, Bregel T, Ganz J, Harth K, Ruf MW, Hotop H. Accurate comparison of Hel, NeI photoionization and He(23, 1 S), Ne(3s 3 P s,3 P 0) penning ionization of argon atoms and dimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01425766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Harth K, Raab M, Hotop H. Odd Rydberg spectrum of20NeI: High resolution laser spectroscopy and multichannel quantum defect theory analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01384987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|