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Smith SS, Rossa KR, Soleimanloo SS, Pattinson CL, Mann DL, Edmed SL, Salmon PM, Sullivan KA. Reducing crash risk for young drivers: Protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to improve young driver sleep. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27066. [PMID: 38463828 PMCID: PMC10920379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Road trauma is a leading cause of death and disability for young Australians (15-24 years). Young adults are overrepresented in crashes due to sleepiness, with two-thirds of their fatal crashes attributed to sleepy driving. This trial aims to examine the effectiveness of a sleep extension and education program for improved road safety in young adults. Methods Young adults aged 18-24 years (n = 210) will be recruited for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial employing a placebo-controlled, parallel-groups design. The intervention group will undergo sleep extension and receive education on sleep, whereas the placebo control group will be provided with information about diet and nutrition. The primary outcomes of habitual sleep and on-road driving performance will be assessed via actigraphy and in-vehicle accelerometery. A range of secondary outcomes including driving behaviours (driving simulator), sleep (diaries and questionnaire) and socio-emotional measures will be assessed. Discussion Sleep is a modifiable factor that may reduce the risk of sleepiness-related crashes. Modifying sleep behaviour could potentially help to reduce the risk of young driver sleepiness-related crashes. This randomised control trial will objectively assess the efficacy of implementing sleep behaviour manipulation and education on reducing crash risk in young adult drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Smith
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kalina R Rossa
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shamsi Shekari Soleimanloo
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pattinson
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dwayne L Mann
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shannon L Edmed
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University ofTechnology, Brisbane, Australia
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Palmer JK, van der Pols JC, Sullivan KA, Staudacher HM, Byrne R. A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Prebiotic Supplementation in Children with Autism: Effects on Parental Quality of Life, Child Behaviour, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and the Microbiome. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06239-z. [PMID: 38291245 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modifying gut bacteria in children with autism may influence behaviour, with potential to improve family functioning. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of prebiotics on behaviour, gastrointestinal symptoms and downstream effects on parental quality of life. METHOD Children with autism (4-10yrs) were randomised to 2.4 g/d of prebiotic (GOS) or placebo for six weeks. Pre and post stools samples were collected, and validated questionnaires used to measure change in social and mealtime behaviours, GI symptoms and pQOL. Linear mixed models evaluated group differences for behavioural variables, and Mann Whitney U tests were used to compare change between-groups for GI symptoms, differential abundance of genera and alpha diversity of the microbiome. RESULTS Thirty-three parent-child dyads completed the trial. No group difference was seen for behavioural variables but both groups improved significantly from baseline. There was a medium effect size between groups for GI symptoms (d = 0.47) and pQOL (d = 0.44) driven by greater improvements in the prebiotic group. Bifidobacterium increased threefold following prebiotics (1.4-5.9%, p < 0.001) with no change in controls. Supplements were well tolerated, compliance with dose 94%. CONCLUSION Prebiotics modify levels of Bifidobacterium and prove well tolerated but in this instance, resulted in only marginal effects on GI symptoms and pQOL. A larger sample of children with more severe symptoms could help to determine the potential of prebiotics in autism. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12619000615189 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Palmer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Heidi M Staudacher
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Byrne
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jaganathan KS, Sullivan KA, Greenslade J, McMahon KL, Mitchell G, Kerr G. Understanding the Sociocognitive Determinants Underlying Intentions to Exercise for Postconcussion Symptom Relief: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:873-883. [PMID: 37591504 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study investigated individual sociocognitive factors from the theory of planned behavior and their relationship to exercise for postconcussion recovery. DESIGN AND METHODS Four hundred and fifty-nine Australian adults, two-thirds of whom had no concussion history (66%), completed an online survey of their beliefs and attitudes toward exercise for postconcussion recovery. Secondary questions evaluated program design features that could affect engagement (eg, session frequency). RESULTS Structured equation modeling found that subjective norms were the strongest significant predictor of intention to participate in exercise for postconcussion recovery. Perceived behavioral control was also a significant predictor of intention to participate but to a lesser extent. Attitude did not predict participation intention. The design features identified as key were personalization and being supervised during the program. CONCLUSIONS This study found that people's intention to participate in a program of exercise postconcussion recovery is shaped by individual psychological factors and identified program design features that could be adjusted for increased engagement. Program success could be maximized through strategies such as supporting individuals to have a stronger sense of control over their participation through the choice of session timing or frequency and harnessing the influence of significant others via supportive messaging from key professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,Australia
| | - Jamie Greenslade
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane,Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,Australia
| | - Gary Mitchell
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane,Australia
| | - Graham Kerr
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,Australia
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Sullivan KA. Recovery after traumatic brain injury: An integrative review of the role of social factors on postinjury outcomes. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2023; 30:772-779. [PMID: 35508420 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2070021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research is an integrative review of the literature on social factors in TBI outcomes. It examines how such factors have been framed in TBI models, the social experience of people post-injury, and the evidence for effective social interventions. Evidence suggests that even when physical functioning has improved after injury, there is a lingering social distress that leaves individuals isolated and functionally impaired. A novel hypothesis is proposed to explain why these difficulties persist. This hypothesis draws from existing biopsychosocial models of TBI recovery, including those prominent in neuropsychology. It is argued that the social component of several TBI outcome models is too narrowly defined. This potentially has the effect of focusing efforts on the individual and their social skills or abilities as opposed to the seeking improvements at the level of the community. Evidence for and against this hypothesis is considered. This evaluation supports the idea that TBI outcomes are subject to a wider range of post injury social factors than is typically recognized, and that these factors are dynamic rather than static. Inspired by this hypothesis, this review proposes that social interventions for TBI should be adjusted to suit the stage of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Bennett R, Sullivan KA. A psychometric evaluation of a new social subscale for the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury (CM-TBI) questionnaire: toward the CM-TBI-II. Brain Inj 2023; 37:1253-1261. [PMID: 37525435 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2237891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing TBI misconception measures are critiqued for failing to measure postinjury social experiences. This study developed a social subscale for the Common Misconceptions about TBI (CM-TBI) questionnaire for use in the general public. METHODS Seven experts independently review items drawn from the literature. Shortlisted items were administered online to 158 adults (aged ≥18 years; 51% postschool educated; 60% no TBI experience), the CM-TBI, and a measure of construct validity (a published TBI-adaptation of the Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill; CAMI-TBI). One week later, the new items were redeployed (n = 46). RESULTS Expert review and iterative correlations identified a 10-item social subscale (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, α's>.80). When added to the CM-TBI (ie. CM-TBI-II), the internal consistency was .71. The social subscale was significantly correlated with CAMI-TBI measures (p's <.05, r's > .3). There was no significant difference on the social subscale for education subgroups (school vs post-school, p = 0.056) or previous TBI experience; but there was a difference for the CM-TBI-II (post-school>school; Cohen's d = 7.83, large effect). CONCLUSION This study found strong preliminary psychometric support for a new social subscale, administered as the CM-TBI-II. This subscale shows promise as a measure of misconceptions about social functioning post-TBI. The CM-TBI-II could support evaluations of programs aiming to improve social engagement and community participation for people with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryleigh Bennett
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Jaganathan KS, Sullivan KA, Kinmond S, Berndt S, Street S, Haden C, Greenslade J, McMahon K, Mitchell G, Kerr G. Exercise Parameters for Postconcussion Symptom Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36940683 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise rehabilitation for postconcussion symptoms (PCS) has shown some benefits in adolescent athletes; but a synthesis of evidence on exercise per se has been lacking. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to determine if unimodal exercise interventions are useful to treat PCS and if so, to identify a set of clearly defined and effective exercise parameters for further research. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Relevant health databases and clinical trial registries were searched from inception to June 2022. The searches used a combination of subject headings and keywords related to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), PCSs, and exercise. Two independent reviewers screened and appraised the literature. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias-2 tool for randomized controlled trials was used to assess methodological quality of studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Seven studies were included in the review. Four studies were assessed to have a low overall risk of bias, 2 with low risk and 1 with some concerns. Participants in the studies comprised mostly adolescents with sports-related concussion. The review found exercise to be more beneficial than control conditions in 2 studies investigating acute PCS and 2 studies investigating persistent PCS. Within-group differences showing symptom improvement over time were observed in all 7 studies. In general, the review found support for programmatic exercise that commences after an initial period of rest for 24 to 48 hours. Recommendations for exercise parameters that can be explored in subsequent research include progressive aerobic exercise starting from 10 to 15 minutes at least 4 times a week, at a starting intensity of 50% HR of the subsymptom threshold, with length of program depending on recovery. CONCLUSION The evidence in support of exercise rehabilitation for PCSs is moderate based on the small pool of eligible studies. Further research can be guided by the exercise parameters identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology & Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology & Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Sara Berndt
- School of Psychology & Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Steve Street
- School of Psychology & Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Catherine Haden
- QUT Library, Academic Division, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Jaimi Greenslade
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, RBWH Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Katie McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Gary Mitchell
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, RBWH Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Graham Kerr
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
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Hennessy MJ, Sullivan KA. A 'Network of Understanding and Compassion': A Qualitative Study of Survivor Perspectives on Unmet Needs After Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Regional Communities. BRAIN IMPAIR 2023; 24:27-38. [PMID: 38167578 DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2021.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative study aimed to identify the service and support needs of people with a recent history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) living in the community. METHODS A postal survey was sent to 662 people 6-18 months after hospital admission for a mild-to-severe TBI. The survey included an open-ended item ('wish-basket') for collecting ideas about important unmet needs. RESULTS Responses from 53 individuals were coded and processed using thematic analysis. Five themes (n = 39) were identified, three of which were related to personal needs. These personal wishes were about being symptom-free, independent and emotionally supported by, and connected to, loved ones. The remaining themes were about the wished-for changes to the health system and society, such as wishing for health care continuity (as opposed to being abandoned), and for greater understanding and support by society. CONCLUSIONS There is scope to improve the services and support for people living with TBI in the community. This includes reconsidering the way that discharge occurs, addressing the personal needs that remain when living in the community and promoting greater social awareness of TBI to counteract disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- Queensland University of Technology School of Psychology and Counselling, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Jaganathan KS, Kinmond S. Sports fans, wagering, and concussion knowledge: implications for injury nondisclosure. BRAIN IMPAIR 2023; 24:103-113. [PMID: 38167580 DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Athletes perceive sports fans as a source of concussion nondisclosure pressure. Sports fans are exposed to injury depictions from the media that could lead them to underestimate its seriousness. This study examined the concussion knowledge of non-sports fans, sports fans, and wagering sports fans, as knowledge is a modifiable factor that can influence injury disclosure. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 443 Australian adults completed an online survey. DESIGN Cross-sectional. MAIN MEASURES Self-rated and actual concussion knowledge (the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey; RoCKAS). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the concussion knowledge of self-identified sports (n = 157) and non-sports (n = 286) fans; but sports fans rated their knowledge as significantly higher than non-sports fans (p < .05). Wagering sports fans (n = 24) had significantly less concussion knowledge than non-wagering sports fans (η2 = .03, small effect). DISCUSSION Athletes who feel nondisclosure pressure from sports fans may be influenced by people with incomplete concussion knowledge, particularly wagering sports fans. Sports fans over-estimated their knowledge, and this could contribute to the nondisclosure pressure felt by athletes. Programmes to increase injury disclosure by athletes should take these factors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Brooks KJL, Sullivan KA. Factor structure of the modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (mRPQ): an exploratory analysis with healthy adult simulators. Brain Inj 2023; 37:87-94. [PMID: 36653341 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2165150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) are challenging to diagnose. An improved diagnostic process could consider typical and atypical postconcussion symptoms. This study examined the structure of a modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (mRPQ) with both symptom types. METHOD 298 adult volunteers were randomized into groups: honest responders, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) simulators (MS), and biased mTBI simulators (BMS). Both mTBI simulating groups were coached about mTBI and primed about the simulation context (compensation evaluation). The BMS group was also encouraged to bias (exaggerate) symptoms. The participants completed an online battery of tests, including the mRPQ. RESULTS An exploratory factor analysis of the mRPQ (full sample) revealed a three-factor solution, including a separate dimension for atypical symptoms (all item loadings >0.45, ~4% of explained variance). The overall and group analyses of the standard RPQ items (typical symptoms) found a one- or two-factor solution, as did the analyses of atypical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior RPQ research, a unidimensional or bifactor structure was measurable from standard RPQ symptoms. Whilst this study did not find support for domain-level symptom scores for either typical or atypical symptoms, the findings support the use of an overall atypical symptoms score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jack Lee Brooks
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Response distortions in the reporting of postconcussion symptoms can occur for many reasons. The Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) was recently modified to include an embedded symptom validity indicator to test for atypical symptoms. The present study used a simulation design to investigate the psychometric properties of the modified RPQ (mRPQ). METHOD 298 adult volunteers were randomised into three groups: honest responding (Controls, C) who reported actual, current symptoms; mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) simulators (MS) who role played being injured, and; biased mTBI simulators (BMS) who role played being injured and were asked to bias (exaggerate) their response. The MS and BMS participants received instructions to support the simulation. All participants completed the mRPQ and a modified Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (mNSI). RESULTS A 2 × 3 mixed ANOVA with one within-group variable (Symptom type: Standard or Atypical) and one between-group variable (Instruction type: C, MS, BMS) found a significant two-way interaction (p < .05, ηp2 = .08). CONCLUSIONS The BMS group had score elevations for both standard and atypical postconcussion symptoms; therefore, both symptom types should be considered when evaluating for biased responding. The mRPQ has promising psychometric properties and should be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jack Lee Brooks
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kinmond S, Sullivan KA, Jaganathan KS. Research Letter: Concussion Knowledge Is Difficult to Predict From Self-Reported Exposure, Sports Participation, and Education. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2022; 37:272-277. [PMID: 34570025 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing concussion knowledge could contribute to improving injury outcomes. Understanding the predictors of concussion knowledge could determine the areas of educational need. This study examined whether individual factors, prior brain injury, prior concussion education, and contact-sports participation predicted concussion knowledge. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study with recruitment of community volunteers. PARTICIPANTS An online survey was completed by 525 adults, 443 of whom provided useable responses. MAIN MEASURES The respondents provided background information and completed the Concussion Knowledge Index from the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS). RESULTS On average, the participants answered 19.8 out of 25 items correctly. A multiple regression model with demographic, injury, and sport-related variables did not significantly predict concussion knowledge. CONCLUSION This community sample had higher than expected concussion knowledge (restricted range), but some important misconceptions were still present. The model reflecting a combination of self-reported factors did not predict concussion knowledge. The implications for concussion education are discussed, including the need for targeted education to address specific misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (Ms Kinmond and Mr Jaganathan); and School of Psychology and Counselling, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (Dr Sullivan)
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Sullivan KA, Graham K, Parkinson L. Ratings of the reasons for and against the disclosure of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: has anything changed in the past 20 years? Aging Ment Health 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35930316 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The disclosure of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis poses challenges for health care professionals, patients, and their families. Past research has shown that people favour disclosure, but it is uncertain if this situation has changed. METHOD We used a cross-sectional online survey to explore disclosure preferences in a sample of young adults (n = 229; 66.7% aged 18 - 25 years, 79.5% Australian born). Factors contributing to preferences were also examined (knowledge, experience, close experience, age, relationship to diagnosis recipient). Established measures were used to assess knowledge (the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test) and preferences (the Reasons for Wanting to Know Questionnaire). RESULTS Most (95%) but not all participants favoured disclosure, whilst recognising as important at least one reason against it. Only age was a significant determinant of preferences (older people were more likely to prefer disclosure). Those against disclosure cited the fear of suicide as a key reason. CONCLUSION The right to know remains a primary reason for preferring disclosure. Health care professionals should use pre-diagnostic interviewing to discuss overall preference and the underpinning reasons both for and against disclosure. Focus should be on developing a person-centred approach that responds to concerns, with further research to evaluate this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen Graham
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lauren Parkinson
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Purser K, Graham K, Parkinson L. Public awareness of legal decision-making capacity and planning instruments in dementia: implications for health care practitioners. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2022; 30:565-578. [PMID: 37484509 PMCID: PMC10360997 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2022.2060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The protection of a person facing difficulties with legal decision-making can be challenging; however, estate planning documents (EPDs) can offer safeguards. Little is known about the community awareness of EPDs and their perceived importance, including for people with dementia. Two-hundred and thirty adults read a mild dementia vignette, proposed a diagnosis for the vignette character (VC), and rated the VC's legal decision-making capacity (DMC). The effect on ratings about DMC under different conditions was explored (e.g., variation of VC characteristics and the decision). Awareness, and the personal importance, of EPDs were assessed. DMC was affected by the variations in the VC's age, diagnosis, and the decision, as high- or low-stakes, but not VC sex. Awareness of EPDs was low; however, planning importance was increased for dementia. Although the public understand that dementia affects DMC, they require further information about EPDs to validly enact them, thereby reducing potential vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kelly Purser
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Graham
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lauren Parkinson
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Parkinson L, Sullivan KA, Graham K. On becoming a dementia-friendly community: An empirical study of the individual factors that predict openness towards dementia-friendly communities. Dementia (London) 2022; 21:1971-1986. [PMID: 35642568 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that limited public awareness and dementia-related stigma can create barriers to community inclusiveness. This study explored the relation between public knowledge of dementia, attitudes towards people with dementia, experience with dementia and openness towards dementia-friendly communities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two-hundred and twenty-nine members of the public completed a cross-sectional online survey with three established measures [Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test, Attitudes Towards People with Dementia scale and Understanding of Health Problems survey] and one exploratory scale [Openness Towards Dementia-Friendly Communities]. An existing 'mild' dementia vignette was used to evaluate dementia recognition. Factors contributing to correct dementia recognition (knowledge, exposure to dementia, education and gender), worry about developing dementia (knowledge, exposure and respondent age), and openness towards dementia-friendly communities (knowledge, exposure and attitudes) were examined through group comparisons and a multiple linear regression. RESULTS Consistent with the literature, the respondents had poor knowledge, reasonably good dementia recognition, and mostly positive attitudes towards people with dementia. None of the proposed factors were significantly associated with correct dementia recognition, and only gender was significantly associated with dementia worry. Knowledge and attitudes towards people with dementia (not exposure) were significant independent predictors of openness towards dementia-friendly communities. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The expansion of dementia-friendly communities will require further investment in awareness-raising initiatives to improve dementia knowledge and attitudes in the community. This study shows the importance of these factors in the broader community's openness towards dementia-friendly communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Parkinson
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, 1969Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, 1969Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen Graham
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, 1969Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Hennessy M, Sullivan KA. Quality of life, community integration, service needs and clinical outcomes of people with traumatic brain injury in urban, regional and remote areas of Queensland, Australia. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:164-174. [PMID: 35034392 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand and explore the traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes for people returning to urban versus rural communities post-injury, and if geographical location plays a role in those outcomes. DESIGN Cross-sectional mail-out survey of TBI patients, using standardised, quantitative measures. SETTING Data were drawn from three Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) areas in Queensland to model the contribution of these areas and other factors to TBI outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Using hospital records, 662 people with mild to severe TBI were identified. These people were sent a survey, postdischarge. Usable surveys were returned by 91 individuals, 6- to 18-months post-injury. Location was coded using the ARIA (urban n = 22, rural n = 43, remote n = 26). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TBI-related symptoms, quality of life, service obstacles, unmet needs, mental health and community integration. RESULTS No group differences in TBI outcomes due to location were found. While the participant's gender, age, and injury severity were significant independent predictors of five of the six outcomes, location did not play a role. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous findings, geographical remoteness did not affect self-reported TBI outcomes. Older people, women and those with severe TBI had worse outcomes and required additional supports, and men require community integration assistance. An Australia-wide study with regular follow-ups is strongly recommended to support direct regional comparisons and improve service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hennessy
- School of Psychology, James Cook University Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling Queensland, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Singaravelu Jaganathan K, Sullivan KA. Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: An Exercise Immunology Perspective. Exerc Immunol Rev 2022; 28:90-97. [PMID: 35452396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability globally. The physical and psychosocial consequences after TBI can persist for prolonged periods, and lead to increased health care and economic burden. Exercise has shown promise over recent years as a mode of rehabilitation that alleviates multiple TBI symptoms; but there is a lack of controlled large-scale studies and limited research into the underlying mechanisms. This critical review draws from animal and human studies on exercise immunology to speculate on possible mechanisms that could underlie beneficial outcomes of exercise after TBI. The anti-inflammatory role of exercise, protective role offered by pre-injury exercise, and the need for more objective studies on biomarker analysis are expected to be useful considerations to develop optimal post-TBI exercise rehabilitation programs. Future studies can consider investigating the specific immunological processes induced by exercise in consideration of individual differences and non-aerobic exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Sullivan KA. Can Adults Recognize Concussion Symptoms? A Critical Review of Empirical Research Using the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:509-515. [PMID: 34009792 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The correct identification of concussion symptoms is vital for mild traumatic brain injury recognition, diagnosis, and injury management. Numerous surveys of symptom recognition have been conducted, including with athletes at-risk for injury. This critical, methodologically focused review aimed to: (1) discover which concussion symptoms are recognized, and (2) provide recommendations for future research. DATA SOURCES A quasi-systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that used the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. STUDY SELECTION Eighty-five publications were identified, 8 of which were retained after screening. DATA EXTRACTION The identification of individual concussion symptoms was coded as good (a correct response by >90% of the sample), moderate (a correct response by 75%-90% of the sample), or poor (a correct response by <75% of the sample). DATA SYNTHESIS The pooled data comprised responses from more than 2000 individuals, most of whom were male, young adult, sport players. Overall, there was good recognition of 3 concussion symptoms (headaches, dizziness, and confusion), poor recognition of sleep disturbances, nausea, and loss of consciousness, and misattribution to concussion of 2 distractor symptoms (weakness of neck range of motion, difficulty speaking). The methodological evaluation revealed significant variability in symptom measurement. CONCLUSIONS The identified trends for concussion symptom recognition must be regarded as tentative because of the significant methodological variation in the reviewed studies. This variability affected the number, wording, and classification of items, and it restricted the data synthesis. This problem must be addressed in future research and recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Sullivan KA, Bennett D. An Experimental Study of the Effects of Biased Responding on the Modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and Validity Indicators. Psychol Inj and Law 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-021-09419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Ward
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology,
- Stepping Stones for Life Psychology QLD Pty Ltd,
| | - Karen A. Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology,
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology,
| | - Linda Gilmore
- School of Cultural and Professional Learning, Queensland University of Technology,
- Children and Youth Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology,
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20
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Kalyani HH, Sullivan KA, Moyle GM, Brauer SG, Jeffrey ER, Kerr GK. Dance improves symptoms, functional mobility and fine manual dexterity in people with Parkinson disease: a quasi-experimental controlled efficacy study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 56:563-574. [PMID: 32383572 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, individuals diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) present several symptoms that impact on their functional independence and quality of life. While there is accumulating evidence supporting dance as an effective symptom management option, few studies have objectively assessed these benefits, particularly related to the Dance for Parkinson's Disease<sup>®</sup> (DfPD<sup>®</sup>) program. AIM The aim of this study was to explore the effects of DfPD<sup>®</sup>-based dance classes on disease-related symptoms, fine-manual dexterity and functional mobility in people with PD. DESIGN A quasi-experimental controlled efficacy study, with pre and post testing of two parallel groups (dance versus control). SETTING Community. POPULATION Thirty-three participants with PD allocated to one of two groups: dance group (DG; N.=17; age=65.8±11.7 years) or control group (CG: N.=16; age=67.0±7.7 years). They were cognitively intact (Addenbrooke's Score: DG=93.2±3.6, CG=92.6±4.3) and in early-stage of disease (Hoehn & Yahr: DG=1.6±0.7, CG=1.5±0.8). METHODS The DG undertook a one-hour DfPD<sup>®</sup>-based class, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The CG had treatment as usual. Both groups were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks on disease-related symptom severity (MDS-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale: MDS-UPDRS), fine-manual dexterity (Perdue Peg Board), measures of functional mobility (Timed Up & Go: single & dual task, Tinetti, Berg, Mini-BESTest) and self-rated balance and gait questionnaires (Activities Balance Confidence Scale: ABC-S; Gait and Falls: G&F-Q; Freezing of Gait: FOG). RESULTS Compared to the CG, there was significantly greater improvement in the DG pre-post change scores on measures of symptom severity MDS-UPDRS, dexterity, six measures of functional mobility, and the ABC-S, G&F-Q, FOG questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS DfPD<sup>®</sup>-based dance classes improved disease-related symptom severity, fine-manual dexterity, and functional mobility. Feasibility of the approach for a large scale RCT was also confirmed. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT DfPD<sup>®</sup> could be an effective supportive therapy for the management of symptoms and functional abilities in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewa H Kalyani
- Movement Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia - .,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia - .,Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka -
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gene M Moyle
- School of Creative Practice, Faculty of Creative Industries, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra G Brauer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Erica R Jeffrey
- Queensland Ballet, South Brisbane, Australia.,Dance for Parkinson's Australia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graham K Kerr
- Movement Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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21
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Kalyani HHN, Sullivan KA, Moyle G, Brauer S, Jeffrey ER, Kerr GK. Impacts of dance on cognition, psychological symptoms and quality of life in Parkinson's disease. NeuroRehabilitation 2020; 45:273-283. [PMID: 31561398 DOI: 10.3233/nre-192788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dance may improve motor features in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is not yet clear if the benefits extend to non-motor features. OBJECTIVE To determine whether dance classes based on Dance for PD®, improve cognition, psychological symptoms and Quality of Life (QoL) in PD. METHODS Participants were allocated to a Dance Group (DG; n = 17) or Control Group (CG: n = 16). Participants had early-stage PD (Hoehn & Yahr: DG = 1.6±0.7, CG = 1.5±0.8) with no cognitive impairment (Addenbrooke's score: DG = 93.2±3.6, CG = 92.6±4.3). The DG undertook a one-hour class, twice weekly for 12 weeks, while the CG had treatment as usual. Both groups were assessed for disease severity (MDS-UPDRS), cognition (NIH Toolbox® cognition battery, Trail Making Test), psychological symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MDS-UPDRS-I) and QoL (PDQ-39, MDS-UPDRS-II). RESULTS Group comparison of pre-post change scores showed that selected cognitive skills (executive function and episodic memory), psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression) as well as QoL (PDQ-39 summary index) were significantly improved by the intervention (DG > CG, p's < 0.05, Cohen's d > 0.8). DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION Dance classes had a clear benefit on psychological symptoms, QoL and a limited cognitive benefit. Follow-up assessment is required to confirm the durability of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H N Kalyani
- Movement Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - K A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G Moyle
- School of Creative Practice, Faculty of Creative Industries, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Brauer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E R Jeffrey
- Queensland Ballet, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Dance for Parkinson's Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G K Kerr
- Movement Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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22
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Jaganathan KS, Sullivan KA. Moving towards individualised and interdisciplinary approaches to treat persistent post-concussion symptoms. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 18:100230. [PMID: 31922119 PMCID: PMC6948221 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Windle K, Sullivan KA. Towards an embedded symptom validity indicator for the rivermead postconcussion symptom questionnaire. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2019; 28:512-524. [PMID: 34380355 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1660880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This simulation study aimed to develop and test an embedded symptom validity indicator for use with the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Seven mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) experts assisted in generating a shortlist of 15 atypical postconcussion symptoms. A modified RPQ (mRPQ) was constructed by embedding these items with the 16 standard RPQ items. Eighty-four mTBI simulators completed the mRPQ after random allocation to a symptom-exaggeration condition (ES group; n = 46) or simulation-only condition (S group; n = 38). They also completed the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Recognition Memory Test (RMT), and the groups were re-formed and compared using modified criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (mMND). There was no significant group by item-type interaction for either grouping methods (i.e. as allocated or as reclassified). Exploratory analyses of the main effects showed that ES group had higher mRPQ scores than the S group, and standard symptoms were endorsed more than atypical symptoms. If further developed, the mRPQ could eventually aid the screening of PCS over-reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Windle
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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24
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Sullivan KA, Cox R. Prior head injury but not sex or sports-participation affects expectations for post-injury rest and activity in simulated mild traumatic brain injury. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2019; 26:374-382. [PMID: 30793978 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1433180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rest acutely followed by a gradual return to activity is commonly recommended for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the general public's rest and activity expectations for this injury are unknown, as are the individual factors that might affect them. 165 individuals completed an online survey. A series of between-groups comparisons of expectations for the week following a mild TBI was performed. The comparisons were between individuals with or without a prior mild TBI; sports-playing versus non-sports-playing individuals, and; females versus males. Expectations were elicited for 39 everyday behaviours referred to in mild TBI patient advice. Compared to a rating indicating 'no change' in the amount of pre-injury activity, "rest" was expected for 37 items (p's < .05). Expectations were not different based on participants' sex or sports-participation. However, for seven predominantly cognitive items such as studying, a prior injury increased rest expectations (p < .05; small-to-medium effects). The findings indicate that whilst the proposed activity restrictions are appropriate for some circumstances such as acutely postinjury, they have the potential to be overly strong. To address this potential, especially with first-ever injury, clinicians and sports officials should check their patient's postinjury rest and activity plans when providing active rest advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- a School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
- b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Rebecca Cox
- a School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Sullivan KA, Kaye SA, Blaine H, Edmed SL, Meares S, Rossa K, Haden C. Psychological approaches for the management of persistent postconcussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2243-2251. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1558292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sherrie-Anne Kaye
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah Blaine
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shannon L. Edmed
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanne Meares
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Services, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kalina Rossa
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Haden
- Library, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Billing L. An experimental study of the effect on activity intentions of postconcussion recovery advice. Journal of Concussion 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700219872673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the effect of issuing return-to-activity advice on activity intentions at Day 2 and Day 10 days post simulated mild traumatic brain injury. One hundred and twenty-eight volunteers were randomly allocated to one of two groups who received ( n = 65) or did not receive standardized post-injury advice ( n = 63). To prime the simulation, the participants read a mild traumatic brain injury vignette about a person who is concussed while playing sport. Then the participants role-played the injured person and reported activity intentions for three activity types (cognitive, physical and restful) twice, once for each time frame (i.e. Day 2 and Day 10). The advice was to rest for the first 24–48 h and then gradually resume normal activities. There was no significant group by activity-type interaction ( p > .05) at Day 2. When both time frames were considered, there was no significant group × time frame interaction for any activity type or any item, except for an increase in non-manual (clerical) work and weight training at Day 10 compared to Day 2 in the group with the advice. In general, the intentions for all activity types were consistent with the recovery advice (i.e., rest then increasing activity), even when the advice was not given. However, at Day 10, cognitive and physical activity levels were still expected to be lower than usual (pre-injury), and many participants were uncertain about the concept of cognitive rest. These factors, along with individual patient circumstances, should be taken into account in rehabilitation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Billing
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Swygard H, Seña AC, Mobley V, Clymore J, Sampson L, Glenn K, Keller JE, Donovan J, Berger MB, Durr A, Klein E, Sullivan KA, Quinlivan EB. Implementation of the North Carolina HIV Bridge Counseling Program to Facilitate Linkage and Reengagement in Care for Individuals Infected with HIV/AIDS. N C Med J 2018; 79:210-217. [PMID: 29991608 DOI: 10.18043/ncm.79.4.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statewide interventions are critical to meeting the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy in this country. In 2012, the North Carolina Division of Public Health developed the North Carolina State Bridge Counselor program to improve linkage to and reengagement in care for newly diagnosed persons and persons living with HIV who were out-of-care.METHODS We reviewed the planning process for the North Carolina State Bridge Counselor program, which involved a review of existing strengths-based counseling models for persons living with HIV, implementation of these models, and communication strategies with other providers. State bridge counselor responsibilities were delineated from the role of disease intervention specialists while retaining the fieldwork capability of disease intervention specialists to conduct outreach and provide services for persons living with HIV throughout the state.RESULTS Program implementation required extensive planning with stakeholders, incorporation of strengths-based counseling models, development of performance standards, and utilization of CAREWare, an HIV care software program to document referrals and data-sharing between state bridge counselors and clinics. By the end of 2014, state bridge counselor services were provided to approximately 60 of the 400 persons living with HIV (15%) who are diagnosed each quarter in North Carolina, with increasing utilization of the program.LIMITATIONS We assessed the development of this intervention specific to the North Carolina Division of Public Health, which may limit its generalizability. However, the State Bridge Counselor program was implemented in both urban and rural areas throughout the state, which increases its applicability to different public health programs throughout the country.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that a statewide State Bridge Counselor program for linkage and reengagement activities can be implemented by leveraging existing infrastructures, electronic medical records, HIV care networks, and fieldwork activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Swygard
- associate professor of medicine, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases and Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arlene C Seña
- associate professor of medicine, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases and Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - V Mobley
- HIV/STD medical director, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Communicable Disease Branch, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - J Clymore
- HIV/STD/Viral hepatitis director, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Communicable Disease Branch, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - L Sampson
- infectious disease epidemiologist, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; epidemiologist, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Communicable Disease Branch, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - K Glenn
- state bridge counselor, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Communicable Disease Branch, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - J E Keller
- clinical quality administrator, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Section on Infectious Disease, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J Donovan
- epidemiologist, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Communicable Disease Branch, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - M B Berger
- project coordinator, Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - A Durr
- clinical instructor, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - E Klein
- project coordinator, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - K A Sullivan
- research scholar, Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research and Center for AIDS Research, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - E B Quinlivan
- associate professor of medicine, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases and Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Sullivan KA, Hills AP, Iverson GL. Graded Combined Aerobic Resistance Exercise (CARE) to Prevent or Treat the Persistent Post-concussion Syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sullivan KA, Blaine H, Kaye SA, Theadom A, Haden C, Smith SS. A Systematic Review of Psychological Interventions for Sleep and Fatigue after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:195-209. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah Blaine
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sherrie-Anne Kaye
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alice Theadom
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Haden
- Division of Information and Library Services, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon S. Smith
- Recover Injury Research Center, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Brownfields Program provides grants to assess and clean up brownfields. There are few studies that estimate tax revenue impacts from cleanup beyond those generated directly from within the remediated site’s property lines. This study estimates the increased residential property tax revenue attributable to brownfields cleanup at 48 sites remediated between 2004 and 2011 under the EPA Brownfields Cleanup Grants Program. Findings from a previous study of a 5% to 15.2% property value increase following cleanup at these sites are applied to the assessed values of nearby residential properties along with local tax laws, assessment ratios, and rates to estimate tax revenue gained as a result of brownfields cleanup. The estimated increase in residential property tax revenue for a single tax year from remediating 48 brownfields properties was between $29 million and $97 million (2014 USD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Office of Communications, Partnerships and Analysis, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., MC 5101IT, Washington, DC 20460, USA
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Sullivan KA, Wade C. Assault-related mild traumatic brain injury, expectations of injury outcome, and the effect of different perpetrators: A vignette study. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2017; 26:58-64. [PMID: 28880678 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2017.1359603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effect of varying the assault perpetrator on expectations of outcome from mild TBI. Using a cross sectional between groups design, individuals with no history of mild TBI were randomly allocated to one of two vignette conditions. The vignette depicted a mild TBI with fixed injury parameters and a different assault perpetrator (partner, n = 27; or stranger, n = 27). The participants were instructed to imagine that they had been injured as per the depiction, and then to anticipate the injury consequences 6-months later. An online questionnaire was used including: the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, and the Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma. The depicted injury was rated for the extent to which it was perceived as life-threatening, the subsequent diagnosis, and the global recovery prospects. The anticipated consequences of the injury (symptoms and trauma variables) did not differ across the conditions, all p's > 0.05. The expected outcomes for an assault-related mild TBI were not affected by perpetrator type. However, the study had several limitations and further consideration of this factor may still be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- a School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Christina Wade
- a School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Wiley AS, Bertisch S, Camuso JA, Muresan CS, McCormick KC, Sullivan KA, Taylor JA, Joffe H. 0307 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HYPERAROUSAL IN HOT-FLASH ASSOCIATED INSOMNIA. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nathan M, Wiley A, Crawford S, Zhou E, Sullivan KA, Camuso J, Joffe H. 0825 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES AND HOT FLASHES IN PERIMENOPAUSAL SLEEP DISRUPTION. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of people who will require institutional care for dementia is rapidly rising. This increase raises questions about how the workforce can meet the challenge of providing quality care. A promising psychological concept that could improve staff and care recipient outcomes is staff sense of competence in their capacity to provide dementia care. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relative importance of staff factors associated with sense of competence. METHOD Sixty-one Australian dementia care staff (mostly nurses, 69%; and allied health, 21%) were recruited. Measures included the Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff (criterion) and standardised measures of empirically derived predictors: training, knowledge, attitudes and person-centred care strategies. RESULTS Standard multiple regression revealed that 33.9% of the variance in sense of competence was explained by the combination of the four predictors. Attitudes and person-centred strategies each uniquely explained a moderate amount of variance, while training and knowledge were not significant predictors of sense of competence. CONCLUSION A positive attitude towards people with dementia, and stronger intentions to implement person-centred care strategies, predicted a greater sense of competence to provide care, whereas knowledge and training, commonly believed to be important contributors to sense of competence in dementia care, did not predict this outcome. Investing in strategies that address staff attitude and encourage person-centred care could influence sense of competence, and by extension, dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Mullan
- a Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group , School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- a Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group , School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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Sullivan KA, Beattie E, Khawaja NG, Wilz G, Cunningham L. The Thoughts Questionnaire (TQ) for family caregivers of people with dementia. Dementia (London) 2016; 15:1474-1493. [PMID: 25280493 DOI: 10.1177/1471301214553038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a new measure of dysfunctional thoughts for family caregivers of people living with dementia. These thoughts can contribute to negative outcomes, but they may be modifiable. METHOD A stepwise process was used to develop the Thoughts Questionnaire, commencing with item generation, concept mapping, and pilot testing in a sample of professional and nonprofessional caregivers of people with dementia (n = 18). Next, an independent sample of 35 family caregivers of people with dementia (30 female; Mage = 64.30, standard deviation = 10.65) completed: (a) the Thoughts Questionnaire; (b) an existing measure of dysfunctional thoughts, the Dementia Thoughts Caregivers Questionnaire; and (c) separate validated measures of depressive symptoms, caregiver stress, and coping, respectively. RESULTS The level of agreement with dysfunctional thought statements from the Dementia Thoughts Caregivers Questionnaire and Thoughts Questionnaire was low. However, a small number of Thoughts Questionnaire statements were strongly endorsed by over 85% of the sample. Both dysfunctional thought measures had adequate reliability, but total scores were not significantly intercorrelated (r = .287, p = .095). Only the Thoughts Questionnaire was significantly, positively correlated with most caregiver stress measures. Thoughts Questionnaire items required a much lower reading level than the Dementia Thoughts Caregivers Questionnaire items. DISCUSSION This study provides preliminary data on a tool for assessing the negative role-related thoughts that family caregivers of people with dementia may experience. Given that these thoughts are implicated in depression but they may be modified, the capacity to identify dysfunctional thoughts may prove useful in caregiver support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beattie
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre-Carers and Consumers, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Nigar G Khawaja
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - Lauren Cunningham
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study developed standardized vignettes that depict a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) from one of several causes and subjected them to formal expert review. METHOD A base vignette was developed using the World Health Organization operational criteria for mild TBI. Eight specific causes (e.g. sport vs assault) were examined. A convenience sample of mild TBI experts with a discipline background of Neuropsychology from North America, Australasia and Europe (n = 21) used an online survey to evaluate the vignettes and rated the role of cause on outcome. RESULTS The vignette suite was rated as fitting the mild TBI WHO operational diagnostic criteria at least moderately well. When compared to other factors, cause was not rated as significantly contributing to outcome. When evaluated in isolation, approximately half of the sample rated cause as important or very important and at least two of three clinical outcomes were associated with a different cause. DISCUSSION The vignettes may be useful in experimental mild TBI research. They enable the injury parameters to be controlled so that the effects of cause can be isolated and examined empirically. Such studies should advance understanding of the role of this factor in mild TBI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- a School of Psychology and Counselling.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Shannon L Edmed
- a School of Psychology and Counselling.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Sullivan KA, Wade C. Does the cause of the mild traumatic brain injury affect the expectation of persistent postconcussion symptoms and psychological trauma? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 39:408-418. [PMID: 27662262 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1230597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A controlled experiment of the effect of injury cause on expectations of outcome from mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) was conducted. METHOD Ninety-three participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. The participants read a vignette that described a mild TBI (with fixed injury parameters) from a different cause (sport, domestic assault, fall, or motor vehicle accident). The effect of the manipulation on expectations of persistent postconcussion symptoms and psychological trauma was assessed with standard measures and a novel "threat-to-life" measure. RESULTS The Kruskal-Wallis H test for group differences revealed a significant but selective effect of group on symptom and trauma outcomes (ŋ2s ≥ .10; large effects). Post hoc pairwise tests showed that, in most cases, there was an expectation of a worse outcome following mild TBI from a domestic assault than from the other causes (small-to-medium effects). CONCLUSION Expectations were selectively altered by an experimental manipulation of injury cause. Given that expectations of outcome are known to affect mild TBI prognosis, the findings suggest the need for greater attention to injury cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- a School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , QLT , Australia
| | - Christina Wade
- a School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , QLT , Australia
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Abstract
Insufficient thiamine intake during heavy alcohol dependence has been well established as a precursor to alcohol-related brain damage, including Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This study compared the alcohol and thiamine intakes of 35 alcohol-dependent patients upon admission for detoxification with 49 healthy young undergraduates. Subjects were interviewed using a retrospective diary that recorded alcohol and food and vitamin consumption for the previous seven days. As predicted, the clinical group consumed significantly less thiamine than the healthy group, and well below the minimum safe daily intakes. Findings have implications for the prevention of alcohol-related brain damage and public health policy.
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Sullivan KA, Lurie JK. Principal components analysis of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory in a nonclinical civilian sample. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 2016; 24:522-531. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1216433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janine K. Lurie
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Berndt SL, Edmed SL, Smith SS, Allan AC. Poor sleep predicts subacute postconcussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 2016; 23:426-35. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1172229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara L. Berndt
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon L. Edmed
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon S. Smith
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Children’s Health Research (CCHR), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alicia C. Allan
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Mullan MA. Comparison of the psychometric properties of four dementia knowledge measures: Which test should be used with dementia care staff? Australas J Ageing 2016; 36:38-45. [PMID: 26970426 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the psychometric properties of four measures of dementia institutional knowledge. METHODS Fifty-eight dementia care staff completed the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version Two (DKAT2), Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test (ADKT), Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and Dementia Knowledge Twenty (DK-20). The convergent validity and reliability of each measure were examined. RESULTS The level of dementia knowledge in this sample was similar to that reported in comparable surveys. The ADKT, DKAT-2 and DK-20 had marginal to acceptable internal consistency (α ≥ 0.67), and the ADKT, DK-20 and ADKS were positively correlated with each other (r's = 0.45-0.60), demonstrating convergent validity. The DKAT2 had lower intercorrelations with the other measures (r's = 0.32-0.45). The ADKS had poor internal consistency (α = 0.29). CONCLUSION As the first head-to-head comparison of these tests in a single sample, this study should assist clinicians and researchers to select a dementia knowledge test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret A Mullan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Lange RT, Edmed SL. Utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory Validity-10 index to detect symptom exaggeration: An analogue simulation study. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 2016; 23:353-62. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1079714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sullivan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rael T. Lange
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon L. Edmed
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Thorberg FA, Young RM, Sullivan KA, Lyvers M, Hurst CP, Connor JP, Tyssen R, London ED, Noble EP, Feeney GFX. A longitudinal mediational study on the stability of alexithymia among alcohol-dependent outpatients in cognitive–behavioral therapy. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2016; 30:64-72. [DOI: 10.1037/adb0000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wong IY, Smith SS, Sullivan KA. Psychosocial factors significantly predict driving self-regulation in Australian older adults. Australas J Ageing 2015; 35:133-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ides Y. Wong
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q) and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI); Queensland University of Technology
- School of Public Health; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Simon S. Smith
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q) and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI); and; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Karen A. Sullivan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group; School of Psychology and Counselling and Institute of Health; and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Wong IY, Smith SS, Sullivan KA. The development, factor structure and psychometric properties of driving self-regulation scales for older adults: Has self-regulation evolved in the last 15 years? Accid Anal Prev 2015; 80:1-6. [PMID: 25841080 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The term driving self-regulation is typically used to describe the practice of drivers who avoid driving in situations that they regard as unsafe because of perceived physical impairment. Older adults report using this strategy to improve safety while retaining mobility. Self-regulation is typically assessed using the driving avoidance items from the driving habits questionnaire (DHQ) and the driver mobility questionnaire (DMQ-A). However, the psychometric properties of these measures are not well understood. Using data from 277 older drivers, exploratory factor analysis was used to test the homogeneity of three driving self-regulation scales: the DHQ, DMQ-A, and an extended DMQ-A. Good internal consistency for each of the scales was identified (all αs≥.9). A one factor solution was identified for two of the measures (DHQ, DMQ-A) and a two factor solution accounting for over 70% of the score variance was identified for the third measure. The two factors assessed situations that may be avoided while driving because of the "external" (e.g., weather-related) or "internal" (e.g., passenger-related) driving environments, respectively. The findings suggest that the interpretation of an overall summated scale score, or single-item interpretations, may not be appropriate. Instead, driving self-regulation may be a multifaceted construct comprised of distinct dimensions that have not been identified previously but can be reliably measured. These data have implications for our understanding of driving self-regulation by older adults and the way in which this behavior is measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ides Y Wong
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Australia; Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q) & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Simon S Smith
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q) & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q) & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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Edmed SL, Sullivan KA, Allan AC, Smith SS. Assessment method influences the severity and type of symptoms reported after self-reported mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015; 37:641-52. [PMID: 26011761 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1038984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of assessment method (spontaneous report versus checklist) on the report of postconcussive syndrome (PCS) symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six participants (58% female) with postacute self-reported mTBI (i.e., sustained 1-6 months prior to participation) and 36 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched controls with no history of mTBI. DESIGN Cross-sectional. MAIN MEASURES Spontaneous symptom report from open-ended questions and checklist endorsed symptoms from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (both measures administered online). RESULTS Assessment method significantly affected individual symptom item frequencies (small to large effects), the number of symptoms reported, the total severity score, domain severity scores (i.e., somatic/sensory, cognitive, and affective symptom domains), and the number of participants who met a PCS caseness criterion (large effects; checklist > spontaneous report). The types of symptoms that were different between the groups differed for the assessment methods: Compared to controls, the nonclinical mTBI group spontaneously reported significantly greater somatic/sensory and cognitive domain severity scores, whilst no domain severity scores differed between groups when endorsed on a checklist. CONCLUSIONS Assessment method can alter the number, severity, and types of symptoms reported by individuals who have sustained an mTBI and could potentially influence clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Edmed
- a Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
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Abstract
Hyperphenylalaninemia is a variant of phenylketonuria, and debate remains as to what, if any, active management of this condition is required to preserve cognitive function and psychological well-being. This study is the first to examine longitudinally the executive function (EF) in adolescents with hyperphenylalaninemia. Two sibling pairs with mild hyperphenylalaninemia underwent neuropsychological examination in early childhood and again in adolescence using EF tests that were highly sensitive to phenylalanine exposure. By early adolescence, none of the 4 children demonstrated EF impairment. The children demonstrated a typical developmental trajectory of EF from childhood to adolescence, given phenylalanine exposure consistent with their condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Sharman
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Toni Jones
- Great Southern Psychiatric and Psychological Services, Albany, Western Australia; and
| | - Ross McD Young
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jim McGill
- Neurometabolic Department, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sullivan KA, Edmed SL, Allan AC, Smith SS, Karlsson LJE. The role of psychological resilience and mTBI as predictors of postconcussional syndrome symptomatology. Rehabil Psychol 2015; 60:147-154. [PMID: 25822180 DOI: 10.1037/rep0000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resilience is 1 of several factors that are thought to contribute to outcome following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study explored the predictors of the postconcussional syndrome (PCS) symptoms that can occur following mTBI. We hypothesized that a reported recent mTBI and lower psychological resilience would predict worse reported PCS symptomatology. METHOD 233 participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Three NSI scores were used to define PCS symptomatology. A total of 35 participants reported an mTBI (as operationally defined by the World Health Organization) that was sustained between 1 and 6 months prior to their participation (positive mTBI history); the remainder reported having never had an mTBI. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that a positive reported recent mTBI history and lower psychological resilience were significant independent predictors of reported PCS symptomatology. These results were found for the 3 PCS scores from the NSI, including using a stringent caseness criterion, p < .05. Demographic variables (age and gender) were not related to outcome, with the exception of education in some analyses. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that: (a) both perceived psychological resilience and mTBI history play a role in whether or not PCS symptoms are experienced, even when demographic variables are considered, and (b) of these 2 variables, lower perceived psychological resilience was the strongest predictor of PCS-like symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Shannon L Edmed
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Alicia C Allan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Simon S Smith
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Lina J E Karlsson
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology
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Sullivan KA, Edmed SL, Allan AC, Karlsson LJE, Smith SS. Characterizing self-reported sleep disturbance after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:474-86. [PMID: 25275933 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is commonly reported as debilitating and persistent. However, the nature of this disturbance is poorly understood. This study sought to characterize sleep after mTBI compared with a control group. A cross-sectional matched case control design was used. Thirty-three persons with recent mTBI (1-6 months ago) and 33 age, sex, and ethnicity matched controls completed established questionnaires of sleep quality, quantity, timing, and sleep-related daytime impairment. The mTBI participants were compared with an independent sample of close-matched controls (CMCs; n = 33) to allow partial internal replication. Compared with controls, persons with mTBI reported significantly greater sleep disturbance, more severe insomnia symptoms, a longer duration of wake after sleep onset, and greater sleep-related impairment (all medium to large effects, Cohen's d > 0.5). No differences were found in sleep quantity, timing, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, or daytime sleepiness. All findings except a measure of sleep timing (i.e., sleep midpoint) were replicated for CMCs. These results indicate a difference in the magnitude and nature of perceived sleep disturbance after mTBI compared with controls, where persons with mTBI report poorer sleep quality and greater sleep-related impairment. Sleep quantity and timing did not differ between the groups. These preliminary findings should guide the provision of clearer advice to patients about the aspects of their sleep that may change after mTBI and could inform treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- 1 Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
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Edmed SL, Sullivan KA. Diagnostic terminology is not associated with contact-sport players’ expectations of outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2015; 29:623-32. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.998709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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