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Kemény LV, Robinson KC, Hermann AL, Walker DM, Regan S, Yew YW, Lai YC, Theodosakis N, Rivera PD, Ding W, Yang L, Beyer T, Loh YHE, Lo JA, van der Sande AAJ, Sarnie W, Kotler D, Hsiao JJ, Su MY, Kato S, Kotler J, Bilbo SD, Chopra V, Salomon MP, Shen S, Hoon DSB, Asgari MM, Wakeman SE, Nestler EJ, Fisher DE. Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates UV/endorphin and opioid addiction. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/24/eabe4577. [PMID: 34117054 PMCID: PMC8195487 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current opioid epidemic warrants a better understanding of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to opioid addiction. Here we report an increased prevalence of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder and an inverse and dose-dependent association of VitD levels with self-reported opioid use. We used multiple pharmacologic approaches and genetic mouse models and found that deficiencies in VitD signaling amplify exogenous opioid responses that are normalized upon restoration of VitD signaling. Similarly, physiologic endogenous opioid analgesia and reward responses triggered by ultraviolet (UV) radiation are repressed by VitD signaling, suggesting that a feedback loop exists whereby VitD deficiency produces increased UV/endorphin-seeking behavior until VitD levels are restored by cutaneous VitD synthesis. This feedback may carry the evolutionary advantage of maximizing VitD synthesis. However, unlike UV exposure, exogenous opioid use is not followed by VitD synthesis (and its opioid suppressive effects), contributing to maladaptive addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen C Robinson
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hermann
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deena M Walker
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Regan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yi Chun Lai
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip D Rivera
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
| | - Weihua Ding
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liuyue Yang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Beyer
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Hwee E Loh
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Services, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita A J van der Sande
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Sarnie
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Kotler
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hsiao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mack Y Su
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shinichiro Kato
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Kotler
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanita Chopra
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Salomon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wakeman
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Robinson KC, Kemény LV, Fell GL, Hermann AL, Allouche J, Ding W, Yekkirala A, Hsiao JJ, Su MY, Theodosakis N, Kozak G, Takeuchi Y, Shen S, Berenyi A, Mao J, Woolf CJ, Fisher DE. Reduced MC4R signaling alters nociceptive thresholds associated with red hair. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabd1310. [PMID: 33811065 PMCID: PMC11057701 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans and mice with natural red hair have elevated basal pain thresholds and an increased sensitivity to opioid analgesics. We investigated the mechanisms responsible for higher nociceptive thresholds in red-haired mice resulting from a loss of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) function and found that the increased thresholds are melanocyte dependent but melanin independent. MC1R loss of function decreases melanocytic proopiomelanocortin transcription and systemic melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) levels in the plasma of red-haired (Mc1re/e ) mice. Decreased peripheral α-MSH derepresses the central opioid tone mediated by the opioid receptor OPRM1, resulting in increased nociceptive thresholds. We identified MC4R as the MSH-responsive receptor that opposes OPRM1 signaling and the periaqueductal gray area in the brainstem as a central area of opioid/melanocortin antagonism. This work highlights the physiologic role of melanocytic MC1R and circulating melanocortins in the regulation of nociception and provides a mechanistic framework for altered opioid signaling and pain sensitivity in red-haired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Robinson
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gillian L Fell
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Andrea L Hermann
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Jennifer Allouche
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Weihua Ding
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ajay Yekkirala
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hsiao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mack Y Su
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gabor Kozak
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- University Neurology Hospital and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yuichi Takeuchi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Neurocybernetics Excellence Center, University of Szeged, 10 Dom sqr, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shiqian Shen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Antal Berenyi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- Neurocybernetics Excellence Center, University of Szeged, 10 Dom sqr, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10016, USA
- HCEMM-USZ Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, 10 Dom sqr, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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Abstract
While few people would deny the appeal of a day in the sun there are some who seem to
take it too far. In recent years the concept of ‘tanning addiction’ has
become popular and several studies have supported the notion of viewing exposure to UV
radiation as a form of substance abuse. In this article we will review some of the
literature on sun seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Robinson
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School ; Boston, MA USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School ; Boston, MA USA
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE The RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase/ERK cascade plays a crucial role in melanoma cell proliferation and survival. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A inhibitor commonly used for erectile dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that BRAF activation down-regulates PDE5A levels, and low PDE5A expression by BRAF activation or sildenafil use increases the invasiveness of melanoma cells, which raises the possible adverse effect of sildenafil use on melanoma risk. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between sildenafil use and risk of incident melanoma among men in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Our study is a prospective cohort study. In 2000, participants in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study were questioned regarding sildenafil use for erectile dysfunction. Participants who reported cancers at baseline were excluded. A total of 25,848 men remained in the analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The incidence of skin cancers, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), was obtained in the self-reported questionnaires biennially. The diagnosis of melanoma and SCC was pathologically confirmed. RESULTS We identified 142 melanoma, 580 SCC, and 3030 BCC cases during follow-up (2000-2010). Recent sildenafil use at baseline was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent melanoma with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.04-3.22). In contrast, we did not observe an increase in risk of SCC (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.59-1.20) or BCC (1.08; 0.93-1.25) associated with sildenafil use. Moreover, erectile function itself was not associated with an altered risk of melanoma. Ever use of sildenafil was also associated with a higher risk of melanoma (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.14-3.22). A secondary analysis excluding those reporting major chronic diseases at baseline did not appreciably change the findings; the HR of melanoma was 2.24 (95% CI, 1.05-4.78) for sildenafil use at baseline and 2.77 (1.32-5.85) for ever use. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Sildenafil use may be associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma. Although this study is insufficient to alter clinical recommendations, we support a need for continued investigation of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence3Channing Division of Network Medicine, Depa
| | - Kathleen C Robinson
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston5Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts3Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts6Department of
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Praetorius C, Grill C, Stacey SN, Metcalf AM, Gorkin DU, Robinson KC, Van Otterloo E, Kim RSQ, Bergsteinsdottir K, Ogmundsdottir MH, Magnusdottir E, Mishra PJ, Davis SR, Guo T, Zaidi MR, Helgason AS, Sigurdsson MI, Meltzer PS, Merlino G, Petit V, Larue L, Loftus SK, Adams DR, Sobhiafshar U, Emre NCT, Pavan WJ, Cornell R, Smith AG, McCallion AS, Fisher DE, Stefansson K, Sturm RA, Steingrimsson E. A polymorphism in IRF4 affects human pigmentation through a tyrosinase-dependent MITF/TFAP2A pathway. Cell 2014; 155:1022-33. [PMID: 24267888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sequence polymorphisms linked to human diseases and phenotypes in genome-wide association studies often affect noncoding regions. A SNP within an intron of the gene encoding Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor with no known role in melanocyte biology, is strongly associated with sensitivity of skin to sun exposure, freckles, blue eyes, and brown hair color. Here, we demonstrate that this SNP lies within an enhancer of IRF4 transcription in melanocytes. The allele associated with this pigmentation phenotype impairs binding of the TFAP2A transcription factor that, together with the melanocyte master regulator MITF, regulates activity of the enhancer. Assays in zebrafish and mice reveal that IRF4 cooperates with MITF to activate expression of Tyrosinase (TYR), an essential enzyme in melanin synthesis. Our findings provide a clear example of a noncoding polymorphism that affects a phenotype by modulating a developmental gene regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Praetorius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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7
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Levy C, Khaled M, Robinson KC, Veguilla RA, Chen PH, Yokoyama S, Makino E, Lu J, Larue L, Beermann F, Chin L, Bosenberg M, Song JS, Fisher DE. Lineage-specific transcriptional regulation of DICER by MITF in melanocytes. Cell 2010; 141:994-1005. [PMID: 20550935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DICER is a central regulator of microRNA maturation. However, little is known about mechanisms regulating its expression in development or disease. While profiling miRNA expression in differentiating melanocytes, two populations were observed: some upregulated at the pre-miRNA stage, and others upregulated as mature miRNAs (with stable pre-miRNA levels). Conversion of pre-miRNAs to fully processed miRNAs appeared to be dependent upon stimulation of DICER expression--an event found to occur via direct transcriptional targeting of DICER by the melanocyte master transcriptional regulator MITF. MITF binds and activates a conserved regulatory element upstream of DICER's transcriptional start site upon melanocyte differentiation. Targeted KO of DICER is lethal to melanocytes, at least partly via DICER-dependent processing of the pre-miRNA-17 approximately 92 cluster thus targeting BIM, a known proapoptotic regulator of melanocyte survival. These observations highlight a central mechanism underlying lineage-specific miRNA regulation which could exist for other cell types during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Levy
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA
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Robinson KC, Fisher DE. Specification and loss of melanocyte stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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McKenna WJ, Franklin RC, Nihoyannopoulos P, Robinson KC, Deanfield JE. Arrhythmia and prognosis in infants, children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:147-53. [PMID: 3335690 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the annual mortality rate from sudden death is 2 to 3%, and the finding of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia during electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring provides a marker of the patient who is at increased risk. In the young, the annual mortality rate from sudden death is even higher, approximately 6%, but the prognostic significance of arrhythmia is unknown. To determine the prevalence of arrhythmia and its relation to prognosis, 2 days of ECG monitoring was performed in 6 infants, 14 children and 33 adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy receiving no cardioactive medications. An additional 1 to 9 days (median 2) of monitoring was performed in 29 patients. All patients had sinus rhythm; 4 adolescents had episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, a child with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome had symptomatic reentrant atrioventricular tachycardia and 5 adolescents had asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. During follow-up of 1 week to 7 years (median 3 years), five patients died suddenly and two had successful resuscitation from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation; none of these seven patients had ventricular arrhythmias during 2 to 7 days (median 3) of ECG monitoring. The two patients with ventricular fibrillation, the five with ventricular tachycardia, the one with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the seven with recurrent syncope or adverse family history, or both, received low dose amiodarone. None of these "high risk" patients died during 6 months to 6 years (median 3 years) of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W J McKenna
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England
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10
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Robinson KC, McKenna WJ, Krikler DM. Amiodarone: current perspectives from Europe. Heart Lung 1987; 16:636-9. [PMID: 3316126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Robinson
- Cardiovascular Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Conlee RK, Dalsky GP, Robinson KC. The influence of free fatty acids on glycogen recovery in rat heart after exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1981; 47:377-83. [PMID: 7199440 DOI: 10.1007/bf02332965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen supercompensation is the term used to denote the abnormally high levels of glycogen found in the heart shortly after an exercise-induced reduction of the substrate. Using rats, we tested whether this condition was linked to the use of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), which normally rise with exercise. Before a 1-h swim, animals received an injection of either saline (S) or nicotinic acid (NA). The nicotinic acid treatment dramatically suppressed the rise in plasma FFA observed in the S-group. Exercise caused a significant but similar reduction (35-38%) of the myocardial glycogen content in both groups. After 1 h of recovery in the S-group, myocardial glycogen reached a value of 30.3 +/- 1.7 mumol x g-1 or 113% of that measured before the exercise began. In contrast, the value for hearts from the NA-group with reduced FFA levels was 24.0 +/- 1.9 mumol x g-1 or only 91% of that measured before exercise. After 2 h the values were 33.8 +/- 1.4 and 29.0 +/- 1.9 mumol x g-1 respectively. These data indicate that glycogen repletion in rat heart after exercise is related to the amount of FFA present in the plasma. We suggest that carbohydrate metabolism is diverted towards synthesis and storage as a result of the glycolytic inhibition exerted by the increased use of fat as an energy source as previously observed in hearts from fasted or diabetic animals.
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