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Laguette MJN, Barrow K, Firfirey F, Dlamini S, Saunders CJ, Dandara C, Gamieldien J, Collins M, September AV. Exploring new genetic variants within COL5A1 intron 4-exon 5 region and TGF-β family with risk of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1856-1865. [PMID: 31922278 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Variants within genes encoding structural and regulatory elements of ligaments have been associated with musculoskeletal soft tissue injury risk. The role of intron 4-exon 5 variants within the α1 chain of type V collagen (COL5A1) gene and genes of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, TGFBR3 and TGFBI, was investigated on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. A case-control genetic association study was performed on 210 control (CON) and 249 participants with surgically diagnosed ruptures (ACL), of which 147 reported a noncontact mechanism of injury (NON). Whole-exome sequencing data were used to prioritize variants of potential functional relevance. Genotyping for COL5A1 (rs3922912 G>A, rs4841926 C>T, and rs3124299 C>T), TGFBR3 (rs1805113 G>A and rs1805117 T>C), and TGFBI (rs1442 G>C) was performed using Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Significant overrepresentation of the G allele of TGFBR3 rs1805113 was observed in CON vs ACL (P = .014) and NON groups (P = .021). Similar results were obtained in a female with the G allele (CON vs ACL: P = .029; CON vs NON: P = .016). The TGFBI rs1442 CC genotype was overrepresented in the female ACL vs CON (P = .013). Associations of inferred allele combinations were observed in line with the above results. COL5A1 intron 4-exon 5 genomic interval was not associated with the risk of ACL ruptures. Instead, this novel study is the first to use this approach to identify variants within the TGF-β signaling pathway to be implicated in the risk of ACL ruptures. A genetic susceptibility interval was identified to be explored in the context of extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jessica N Laguette
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly Barrow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Firzana Firfirey
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Senanile Dlamini
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Colleen J Saunders
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/MRC Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Bellville, South Africa.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Junaid Gamieldien
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/MRC Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gandhi R, Crowder K, Barrow K, Paolini J. 1002 KPL-716, an anti-oncostatin M receptor β (OSMRβ) monoclonal antibody, reduces IL-31-induced scratching behavior in cynomolgus monkeys: Establishment and optimization of a PK/PD model. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mohindra P, Barrow K, Kieta K, Parker J, de Faria E, Taylor-Howell C, Dobbin T, Gibbs A, Farese A, MacVittie T. Use of Computed Tomography (CT) Scan to Assess Efficacy of Mitigators of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury (RILI): A Rhesus Macaque Whole-Thoracic Lung Irradiation (WTLI) Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Postlethwaite AE, Seyer JM, Endres R, Ward F, Kang AH, Myers L, McKown K, Barrow K, Carbone L. 354 HLA ASSOCIATIONS WITH T CELL REACTIVITY TO TYPE II COLLAGEN EPITOPES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Toh M, Moffitt MC, Henrichsen L, Raftery M, Barrow K, Cox JM, Marquis CP, Neilan BA. Cereulide, the emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus, is putatively a product of nonribosomal peptide synthesis. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 97:992-1000. [PMID: 15479414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if cereulide, the emetic toxin produced by Bacillus cereus, is produced by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). METHODS AND RESULTS NC Y, an emetic strain of Bacillus cereus, was examined for a NRPS gene using PCR with primers recognizing a fragment of a NRPS gene from the cyanobacterium Microcystis. The amplicon was sequenced and compared with other gene sequences using BLAST analysis, which showed that the amplicon from strain NC Y was similar in sequence to peptide synthetase genes in other micro-organisms, including Bacillus subtilis and B. brevis, while no such sequence was found in the complete genome sequence of a nonemetic strain of B. cereus. Specific PCR primers were then designed and used to screen 40 B. cereus isolates previously implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illness. The isolates were also screened for toxin production using the MTT cell cytotoxicity assay. PCR and MTT assay screening of the B. cereus isolates revealed a high correlation between the presence of the NRPS gene and cereulide production. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that cereulide is produced by a NRPS complex. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study to provide evidence identifying the mechanism of production of cereulide, the emetic toxin of B. cereus. The PCR primers developed in the study allow determination of the potential for cereulide production among isolates of B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toh
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Macdonald N, Barrow K, Tonge R, Davison M, Roberts RA, Chevalier S. PPARalpha-dependent alteration of GRP94 expression in mouse hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 277:699-704. [PMID: 11062016 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of the peroxisome proliferators (PPs), a class of rodent nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens, include suppression of apoptosis, induction of hepatocyte proliferation, and liver enlargement which eventually leads to tumours. The response to PPs is mediated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). We carried out proteomic analyses of PP-treated hepatocytes from wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice to identify the molecular pathways underlying the adverse effects of PPs. We have identified eighteen protein spots exhibiting differential expression in PP-treated wild-type mouse hepatocytes. Several proteins involved in lipid metabolism pathways, but also ATP synthase beta subunit, which are regulated by PPs were identified. In addition, both 2D silver-stained gels and Western blotting analysis indicated that the anti-apoptotic glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is consistently overexpressed upon stimulation with PPs, providing us with novel insights into the anti-apoptotic mechanism activated by PPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Macdonald
- Cancer Biology Group, Zeneca Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, United Kingdom
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