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Eltyeb EE, Halawi MHA, Tashari TBM, Alharbi K, Alsayari OS, Albarrak DA, Eltayeb RA, Al-Makramani AAA, Medani IEM. Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:431-441. [PMID: 37489414 PMCID: PMC10366848 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Birth defects are a significant concern since they can lead to permanent disability and death. This study comprehensively reviews the prevalence and patterns of birth defects in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A systematic analysis of the literature retrieved from three databases (Pub Med, Science Direct, and the Saudi digital library) published between 1989 and 2022 was performed. Observational studies that addressed the prevalence and patterns of birth defects in Saudi Arabia were chosen based on the eligibility criteria, while systematic reviews, review articles, non-relevant articles, and studies that did not fulfill the eligibility criteria were excluded. Quality and risk of bias were evaluated based on the JBI and GRADE tools, respectively. RESULTS We identified 26 eligible publications of 1277 records that included 297,668 patients from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The highest overall prevalence of birth defects was 46.5 per 1000 live births compared to a lowest rate of 8.6 per 1000 in one study. Several studies have reported positive associations of consanguinity, maternal folic acid supplementation, family history of birth defects or genetic abnormalities, and maternal co-morbidities. The most frequent birth defects include cardiac, genitourinary, craniofacial, and nervous system defects. CONCLUSION Robust findings have improved our understanding of the prevalence and pattern of birth defects in Saudi Arabia. Importantly, future studies will likely require multicenter collaboration to arrive at appropriate sample sizes in the context of the effects of risk factors on elevated prevalence. Furthermore, quantitative data require careful evaluation in more complex statistical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khaled Alharbi
- Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Saad Alsayari
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
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Nawaz H, Ali A, Saleem MH, Ameer A, Hafeez A, Alharbi K, Ezzat A, Khan A, Jamil M, Farid G. Comparative effectiveness of EDTA and citric acid assisted phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soil by using canola (Brassica napus). BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e261785. [PMID: 35703635 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an ecofriendly technique to clean heavy metals from contaminated soil by the use of high biomass producing plant species. Chelators can help to improve this biological technique by increasing metal solubility. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the chelators EDTA and citric acid (CA) in phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soil by using Brassica napus (canola). Two cultivars of B. napus, Con-II (tolerant) and Oscar (sensitive), were selected after screening and exposed to NiSO4 at 30 ppm at the time of sowing. CA (10 mM) and EDTA (1.5 mM) were applied either alone or in combination with each other after two weeks of Ni treatments. Different parameters like morpho-physiological and biochemical data were recorded after 15 days of chelate application. The results highlighted the successful use of chelating agents (CA and EDTA) not only to ameliorate Ni stress but also to enhance Ni accumulation which is prerequisite for phytoremediation. The basal application of 10 mMCA and 1.5 mM EDTA concentration proved to be effective for the growth of plants. The combination of chelating agents failed to show any synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nawaz
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M H Saleem
- Agriculture University, College of Plant Science and Technology, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Researches of Yangtze River, Wuhan, China
| | - A Ameer
- University of Agriculture, Department of Botany, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Hafeez
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Plant Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Alharbi
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Ezzat
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, Saudia Arabia.,South Valley University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Theriogenology, Qena, Egypt
| | - A Khan
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Jamil
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Botany, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - G Farid
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology - NIAB, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Al Raizah A, Al Askar A, Shaheen N, Aldosari K, Alnahdi M, Luhanga M, Alshuaibi T, Bajhmoum W, Alharbi K, Alsahari G, Algahtani H, Alrayes E, Basendwah A, Abotaleb A, Almegren M. High rate of bleeding and arterial thrombosis in COVID-19: Saudi multicenter study. Thromb J 2021; 19:13. [PMID: 33658062 PMCID: PMC7928187 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several observational studies have reported the rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients infected with COVID-19, with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of thrombotic and bleeding events in hospitalized patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This was a multicenter study of 636 patients admitted between 20 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 in four hospitals. Results Over a median length of stay in the non-ICU group of 7 days and of 19 days in the ICU group, twelve patients were diagnosed with Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (1.8 %) (95 % CI, 1.1–3). The rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19 % (95 % CI, 0.04–0.84), and that in the ICU group was 10.3 % (95 % CI, 6.4–16.2). The overall rate of arterial event is 2.2 % (95 % CI, 1.4–3.3). The rates in the non-ICU and ICU groups were 0.94 % (95 % CI, 0.46–0.1.9) and 8.4 % (95 % CI, 5.0–14.0). The overall composite event rate was 2.9 % (95 % CI, 2.0–4.3). The composite event rates in the non-ICU and ICU groups were 0.94 % (95 % CI, 0.46–0.1.9) and 13.2 % (95 % CI, 8.7–19.5). The overall rate of bleeding is 1.7 % (95 % CI, 1.0–2.8). The bleeding rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19 % (95 % CI, 0.04–0.84), and that in the ICU group was 9.4 % (95 % CI, 5.7–15.1). The baseline D-dimer level was a significant risk factor for developing VTE (OR 1.31, 95 % CI, 1.08–1.57, p = 0.005) and composite events (OR 1.32, 95 % CI, 1.12–1.55, p = 0.0007). Conclusions In this study, we found that the VTE rates in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 might not be higher than expected. In contrast to the risk of VTE, we found a high rate of arterial and bleeding complications in patients admitted to the ICU. An elevated D-dimer level at baseline could predict thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients and may assist in the identification of these patients. Given the high rate of bleeding, the current study suggests that the intensification of anticoagulation therapy in COVID-19 patients beyond the standard of care be pursued with caution and would best be evaluated in a randomized controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al Raizah
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box. 22490, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Society for Bone Marrow Transplant, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Al Askar
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box. 22490, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Society for Bone Marrow Transplant, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naila Shaheen
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aldosari
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box. 22490, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Society for Bone Marrow Transplant, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alnahdi
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box. 22490, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Society for Bone Marrow Transplant, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musumadi Luhanga
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box. 22490, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Society for Bone Marrow Transplant, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alshuaibi
- Department of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Bajhmoum
- Department of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alharbi
- Department of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida Alsahari
- Department of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Algahtani
- Department of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eunice Alrayes
- Department of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim Basendwah
- Oncology Division, Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Abotaleb
- Oncology Division, Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosaad Almegren
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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