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Onal B, León MR, Augutis M, Mattacola E, Graham A, Hart K, Kelly E, Scheel-Sailer A, Taylor J. Health and LifeDomain ResearchPriorities in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in England. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2022; 28:91-110. [PMID: 35521061 PMCID: PMC9009198 DOI: 10.46292/sci21-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Although feedback from people with adult-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) has been considered in developing research programs, little is known about pediatric-onset SCI priorities. Objectives To describe the health and life (H&L) domain research priorities of youth with pediatric-onset SCI living in England. Methods Youth with pediatric-onset SCI (≥6 months) were recruited from five English rehabilitation centers and invited with their parents/caregivers to complete the age-appropriate surveys designed by the Pan-European Paediatric Spinal Cord Injury (PEPSCI) collaboration. Results A total of 73 surveys were received (32 from participants with SCI and 41 from their parents/caregivers), providing information on 47 individuals with SCI: 2- to 7-year-olds (29.8%), 8- to 12-year-olds (19.2%), 13- to 17-year-olds (17.0%), and 18 to 25-year-olds (34.0%). The top three research priorities reported by parents/caregivers of 2- to 12-year-old and 13- to 25-year-olds were pain (81%/89%), physical function (91%/83%) and health care access (78%/78%). Eighty-nine percent of 8- to 12-year-olds emphasized schooling, peer relationships, and general mood as their research priorities. The top three research priorities for Health or Life domains reported by 13- to 25-year-olds included spasms (95%), pain (91%), pressure injuries (91%), health care access (83%), physical function (78%), and daily personal needs (74%). Conclusion Although there should be an emphasis on addressing important life domain issues for 8- to 12-year-olds with SCI, adolescents and young adults mostly prioritized health domain research priorities in addition to health care access. This survey will aid health care and clinical research organizations to engage stakeholders to implement a comprehensive SCI research strategy in England for the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashak Onal
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
,Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
,Buckinghamshire Clinical Commissioning Group, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Marta Ríos León
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marika Augutis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Mattacola
- School of Psychology, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
| | - Allison Graham
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Kirsten Hart
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Erin Kelly
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Taylor
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
,Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
,Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
,Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Phillips ME, Robertson MD, Hart K, Kumar R, Pencavel T. Long-term changes in nutritional status and body composition in patients with malignant pancreatic disease - A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:85-95. [PMID: 34330517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with pancreatic cancer often experience significant deterioration in nutritional status over time. Malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, with malabsorption, pain, toxic dependencies, co-morbidities and malignant processes all playing a role. The aims of this systematic review were to assess nutritional changes over time and identify tolerance of nutritional intervention, thus identifying potential areas for further research to improve patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed was carried out in February 2020, identifying 2620 articles. After screening to exclude those reporting short-term measures, with only one data point, or in the wrong population, thirteen papers were selected for analysis (four trials in neo-adjuvant treatment, five in populations undergoing palliative treatment for pancreatic cancer, and four in mixed populations undergoing pancreatic resection). RESULTS Overall, studies were limited by predominantly retrospective designs, and poor control of potentially confounding variables. Meta-analysis could not be performed due to heterogenicity in study design and reporting methods. Surgery in mixed cohorts did not appear to result in weight loss. Only one small intervention study was identified. Patients with pancreatic cancer experienced a decline in nutritional status, with 44-63% of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy having low muscle mass prior to starting treatment. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of data regarding nutritional intervention in pancreatic cancer. Future work should include the use of validated functional and clinical assessment tools to further explore the impact of nutritional intervention, and the relationship between nutritional status and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Phillips
- Royal Surrey Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, UK; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - M D Robertson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - K Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - R Kumar
- Royal Surrey Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, UK
| | - T Pencavel
- Royal Surrey Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, UK
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Hart K, An S, Edwards AM, Mahadevan R, Master ER, Edwards EA. Could open science stimulate industry partnerships in
chemical engineering
university research? CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hart
- BioZone & Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- University of Toronto Faculty of Law Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sung An
- BioZone & Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- University of Toronto Faculty of Law Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Aled M. Edwards
- Structural Genomics Consortium University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- BioZone & Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Emma R. Master
- BioZone & Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Edwards
- BioZone & Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Wilson‐Barnes S, Gymnopoulos LP, Dimitropoulos K, Solachidis V, Rouskas K, Russell D, Oikonomidis Y, Hadjidimitriou S, María Botana J, Brkic B, Mantovani E, Gravina S, Telo G, Lalama E, Buys R, Hassapidou M, Balula Dias S, Batista A, Perone L, Bryant S, Maas S, Cobello S, Bacelar P, Lanham‐New SA, Hart K. PeRsOnalised nutriTion for hEalthy livINg: The PROTEIN project. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Wilson‐Barnes
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | | | | | - V. Solachidis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki Greece
| | - K. Rouskas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | - S. Hadjidimitriou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | - B. Brkic
- BioSense Institute, Research and Development Institute for Information Technology Vojvodina Serbia
| | - E. Mantovani
- Research Group on Law, Science, Technology and Society Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | | | - G. Telo
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals Lisbon Portugal
| | - E. Lalama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - R. Buys
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - M. Hassapidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - S. Balula Dias
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | | | | | - S. Bryant
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Middlesex UK
| | - S. Maas
- AgriFood Capital BV Hertogenbosch Netherlands
| | - S. Cobello
- Polo Europeo della Conoscenza Verona Italy
| | - P. Bacelar
- Healthium/Nutrium Software Porto e Região Portugal
| | - S. A. Lanham‐New
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - K. Hart
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
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Sachamitr P, Ho JC, Ciamponi FE, Ba-Alawi W, Coutinho FJ, Guilhamon P, Kushida MM, Cavalli FMG, Lee L, Rastegar N, Vu V, Sánchez-Osuna M, Coulombe-Huntington J, Kanshin E, Whetstone H, Durand M, Thibault P, Hart K, Mangos M, Veyhl J, Chen W, Tran N, Duong BC, Aman AM, Che X, Lan X, Whitley O, Zaslaver O, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Richards LM, Restall I, Caudy A, Röst HL, Bonday ZQ, Bernstein M, Das S, Cusimano MD, Spears J, Bader GD, Pugh TJ, Tyers M, Lupien M, Haibe-Kains B, Artee Luchman H, Weiss S, Massirer KB, Prinos P, Arrowsmith CH, Dirks PB. PRMT5 inhibition disrupts splicing and stemness in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:979. [PMID: 33579912 PMCID: PMC7881162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly cancer in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustain tumor growth and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has recently emerged as a promising target in GBM. Using two orthogonal-acting inhibitors of PRMT5 (GSK591 or LLY-283), we show that pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 suppresses the growth of a cohort of 46 patient-derived GBM stem cell cultures, with the proneural subtype showing greater sensitivity. We show that PRMT5 inhibition causes widespread disruption of splicing across the transcriptome, particularly affecting cell cycle gene products. We identify a GBM splicing signature that correlates with the degree of response to PRMT5 inhibition. Importantly, we demonstrate that LLY-283 is brain-penetrant and significantly prolongs the survival of mice with orthotopic patient-derived xenografts. Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for the clinical development of brain penetrant PRMT5 inhibitors as treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Sachamitr
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jolene C Ho
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felipe E Ciamponi
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wail Ba-Alawi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona J Coutinho
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Guilhamon
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle M Kushida
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lilian Lee
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Rastegar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Vu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - María Sánchez-Osuna
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Evgeny Kanshin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heather Whetstone
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Durand
- RNomics Platform, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kirsten Hart
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Mangos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Veyhl
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nhat Tran
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bang-Chi Duong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xinghui Che
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Lan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Owen Whitley
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olga Zaslaver
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Richards
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Restall
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amy Caudy
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Maple Flavored Solutions, LLC, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hannes L Röst
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mark Bernstein
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julian Spears
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Panagiotis Prinos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Mycock K, Zhan L, Hart K, Taylor-Stokes G, Milligan G, Atkinson C, Mitra D. Real world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes associated with palbociclib combination therapy in nine european countries: Results from the IRIS study. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cusimano MD, Saarela O, Hart K, Zhang S, McFaull SR. A population-based study of fall-related traumatic brain injury identified in older adults in hospital emergency departments. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 49:E20. [DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.focus20520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to examine the population-based trends and factors associated with hospitalization of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in the Emergency Department (ED) among those 65 years and older. The implications of these trends for neurosurgery and the broader society are discussed.METHODWith a national, mandatory reporting system of ED visits, the authors used Poisson regression controlling for age and sex to analyze trends in fall-related TBI of those aged 65 years and older between 2002 and 2017.RESULTSThe overall rate of ED visits for TBI increased by 78%—from 689.51 per 100,000 (95% CI 676.5–702.8) to 1229 per 100,000 (95% CI 1215–1243) between 2002 and 2017. Females consistently experienced higher rates of fall-related TBI than did males. All age groups 65 years and older experienced significant increases in fall-related TBI rate over the study period; however, the highest rates occurred among the oldest individuals (90+ and 85–89 years). The hospital admission rate increased with age and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Males experienced both a higher admission rate and a greater percentage change in admission rate than females.CONCLUSIONSRates of ED visits for fall-related TBI, hospitalization, and in-ED mortality in those aged 65 years and older are increasing for both sexes. The increasing hospital admission rate is related to more advanced comorbidities, male sex, and increasing age. These findings have significant implications for neurosurgical resources; they emphasize that health professionals should work proactively with patients, families, and caregivers to clarify goals of care, and they also outline the need for more high-level and, preferably, randomized evidence to support outcomes-based decisions. Additionally, the findings highlight the urgent need for improved population-based measures for prevention in not only this age demographic but in younger ones, and the need for changes in the planning of health service delivery and long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Cusimano
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto
- 2Injury Prevention Research Office, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, University of Toronto
- 3Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; and
| | - Olli Saarela
- 3Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; and
| | - Kirsten Hart
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto
- 2Injury Prevention Research Office, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, University of Toronto
| | - Shudong Zhang
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto
- 2Injury Prevention Research Office, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, University of Toronto
| | - Steven R. McFaull
- 4Injury Section, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Taylor-Stokes G, Zhan L, Mycock K, Milligan G, Hart K, Mitra D. 269P Real world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes associated with palbociclib combination therapy in five European countries: Results from the IRIS study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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9
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Henriott M, Hart K, Herrera N, Ribeiro F, Bland N, Gwartney B, Calkins C. The Impacts of Feeding Natursafe (an Immune Support Product) on Beef Quality. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesNaturSafe® (Diamond V, USA) is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product developed as an animal feed supplement for the further manufacture of nutritionally balanced feeds for beef cattle. This immune support product (Association of American Feed Control Officials number 96.8, 73.046 and International Feed Name number 7–05–520, 8–08–034) has been specifically formulated to optimize beef cattle health and performance, antibiotic stewardship, and food safety. Research has shown that NaturSafe supports optimal rumen and liver health, overall health and immune function, consistency of feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion, and antibiotic effectiveness. As no research previously has assessed the impacts of this feed ingredient on the quality of meat, the objective of this research was to characterize the effects of feeding NaturSafe on meat quality characteristics in beef.Materials and MethodsCrossbred steers (N = 60, n = 12 per treatment; mean hot carcass weight = 421 kg), through an antibiotic free production system, were individually fed diets containing 12, 15, or 18 g/d of NaturSafe or a control diet without (–AB) antibiotics or a control with antibiotics (+AB; 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer–1·d–1) for 112 d. Strip loins were collected and aged for 13 or 29 d postmortem prior to fabrication. Steaks (m. Longissimus) were then evaluated for Warner-Bratzler shear force, pH, sarcoplasmic calcium concentration, troponin-T degradation, fatty acid profile, proximate composition, sarcomere length, total collagen and insoluble collagen. After each aging period, steaks were evaluated for lipid oxidation, and color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, discoloration percentage, and percentage surface oxymyoglobin, metmyoglobin and deoxymyoglobin), during and/or after a 7 d simulated retail display period. A subset of samples at various aging and retail display periods were analyzed for lactic acid bacteria (LAB), psychotrophic plate counts (PPC), and aerobic plate counts (APC). Animal was considered the experimental unit and hot carcass weight and marbling score were used as covariates in the analysis.ResultsTreatment had no effect on pH, sarcomere length, troponin-T degradation, fatty acid profile, proximate composition, total collagen, insoluble collagen, LAB, PPC, APC, lipid oxidation, oxymyoglobin percentage, or metmyoglobin percentage. Meat from cattle fed 18 g/d of NaturSafe was (1) equal to–AB controls and had higher shear force values compared to all other treatments (P < 0.01), (2) had higher (P < 0.05) sarcoplasmic calcium levels than +AB controls and cattle fed 12 g of NaturSafe/d, (3) was redder (higher a* values, P < 0.05) than all other treatments, and (4) was yellower (higher b* values, P < 0.01) than the 12 or 15 g dose and the–AB control. There were no differences among treatments fed NaturSafe for lightness (L*) at either aging time. There were no differences for meat from animals fed 12 or 15 g NatureSafe/d, except deoxymyoglobin percent and discoloration, which were both minimal. Discoloration values were low for all treatments (< 10%).ConclusionThese data indicate that feeding NaturSafe had few discernible effects on meat quality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Hart
- University of Nebraska Animal Science
| | | | | | - N. Bland
- University of Nebraska Animal Science
| | - B. Gwartney
- Diamond V, Inc. Protein Food Safety Research
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Henriott M, Ribeiro F, Herrera N, Hart K, Bland N, Calkins C. Impact of Myoglobin Oxygenation State at Freezing on Color Stability of Frozen Beef. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesMeat color is the number one factor influencing consumer purchase decisions. The emerging market of frozen meat emphasizes the need to understand beef surface discoloration and the ideal parameters of freezing beef to retain a superior color. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of oxygenation level and frozen storage duration on frozen beef color.Materials and MethodsUSDA Choice strip loins (n = 36) were aged for 4 d or 20 d. Steaks were randomly assigned to a myoglobin state [deoxymyoglobin (DeOxy; immediately packaged), low oxygenation (LoOxy; oxygenated in air for 30 min), and high oxygenation (HiOxy; packaged for 24 h in 80% O2)]. Steaks were then vacuum packaged in oxygen permeable or impermeable film and immediately frozen (–20°C). Following either 0, 2, 4, or 6 mo of frozen storage, steaks were removed from the packaging and immediately analyzed for instrumental color (L*, a*, b*), delta E (magnitude of difference in the L*, a*, b* color space), subjective discoloration, lipid oxidation (via thiobarbituric acid reactive substances- TBARS), oxygen penetration, percent oxymyoglobin, metmyoglobin, and deoxymyoglobin (via spectrometer), and redness (calculated as 630nm/530nm). Data were analyzed using PROC Glimmix procedure in SAS as a split-split-plot with an incomplete block and a 2 × 3 factorial.ResultsHiOxy steaks had greater oxygen penetration and the highest a* values compared to DeOxy and LoOxy steaks regardless of packaging (P < 0.0005). Conversely, DeOxy steaks exhibited the lowest oxygen penetration and a* values regardless of film (P < 0.0005). HiOxy steaks at 4 d had higher a* values than DeOxy and LoOxy at all storage times (P = 0.0118). HiOxy steaks had the highest delta E values compared to DeOxy and LoOxy in permeable packaging and with increasing storage time an increase in delta E for the HiOxy steaks was observed (P = 0.0010).Redness and percent oxymyoglobin were highest for HiOxy steaks within each storage period (P < 0.0002). HiOxy and LoOxy steaks were similar in percent oxymyoglobin when in permeable packaging film. HiOxy steaks had the highest percent oxymyoglobin and DeOxy had the lowest percent oxymyoglobin within each aging and storage period (P < 0.01). Conversely, DeOxy steaks had the highest percent metmyoglobin and HiOxy had the lowest percent metmyoglobin when packaged in impermeable film (P < 0.0001). Lowest percent metmyoglobin values were from the 4 d HiOxy steaks at 2, 4, and 6 mo of storage (P = 0.0188).The HiOxy 20 d steaks had the highest discoloration compared to 4 d aging and more discoloration than all other myoglobin treatments at 6 mo of storage (P < 0.0001). Lipid oxidation increased with storage time (P = 0.0169). HiOxy 20 d aged steaks exhibited the highest TBARS values at 2, 4, and 6 mo (P = 0.0224). HiOxy and LoOxy were similar in discoloration and lipid oxidation except with the HiOxy 20 d (which were less desirable).ConclusionHiOxy steaks exhibit a brighter and deeper cherry red color compared to the DeOxy steaks. HiOxy steaks were superior or similar when compared to LoOxy steaks but displayed more detrimental effects when frozen storage was extended. Based on the results, HiOxy steaks aged for 4 d give a superior red color for extended storage with few unfavorable effects. However, it is not advised to freeze deoxygenated steaks and expect a cherry red color through frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K. Hart
- University of Nebraska Animal Science
| | - N. Bland
- University of Nebraska Animal Science
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Hart K, Marshall H, Swinscoe J, Robinson S, Matthew T, Tozer-Loft S, Hatton M, Wild J, Ireland R, Tahir B. OC-0523 3He MRI for functional lung avoidance VMAT treatment planning in lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Henriott M, Hart K, Herrera N, Ribeiro F, Bland N, Gwartney B, Calkins C. The Impacts of Feeding Natursafe (an Immune Support Product) on Beef Quality. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Henriott M, Ribeiro F, Herrera N, Hart K, Bland N, Calkins C. Impact of Myoglobin Oxygenation State at Freezing on Color Stability of Frozen Beef. Meat and Muscle Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Hart K, Ribeiro FA, Henriott M, Herrera NJ, Calkins CR. 196 Display Life and Oxidation of Beef from Cattle Fed Corn Distillers By-Products. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Hart
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - M Henriott
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Tahir B, Hughes P, Robinson S, Marshall H, Stewart N, Biancardi A, Chan H, Collier G, Hart K, Swinscoe J, Hatton M, Wild J, Ireland R. OC-0182: A comparison of CT ventilation with 3He and 129Xe MRI for functional avoidance treatment planning. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hart K, Ribeiro F, Henriott M, Herrera N, Calkins C. Quality Effects of Beef from Cattle Fed High-Protein Corn Distillers Grains and Other Ethanol By-Products. Meat and Muscle Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2018.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ribeiro FA, Domenech-Perez K, Herrera N, Hart K, Calkins C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Instability Caused by Dietary Fat Source May Affect Early Postmortem Tenderization of Beef. Meat and Muscle Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2018.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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McCoy TH, Castro VM, Snapper L, Hart K, Januzzi JL, Huffman JC, Perlis RH. Polygenic loading for major depression is associated with specific medical comorbidity. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1238. [PMID: 28926002 PMCID: PMC5639245 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder frequently co-occurs with medical disorders, raising the possibility of shared genetic liability. Recent identification of 15 novel genetic loci associated with depression allows direct investigation of this question. In cohorts of individuals participating in biobanks at two academic medical centers, we calculated polygenic loading for risk loci reported to be associated with depression. We then examined the association between such loading and 50 groups of clinical diagnoses, or topics, drawn from these patients' electronic health records, determined using a novel application of latent Dirichilet allocation. Three topics showed experiment-wide association with the depression liability score; these included diagnostic groups representing greater prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders, greater prevalence of cardiac ischemia, and a decreased prevalence of heart failure. The latter two associations persisted even among individuals with no mood disorder diagnosis. This application of a novel method for grouping related diagnoses in biobanks indicate shared genetic risk for depression and cardiac disease, with a pattern suggesting greater ischemic risk and diminished heart failure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H McCoy
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V M Castro
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Partners Research Information Systems and Computing, Partners HealthCare System, One Constitution Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Snapper
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Hart
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA. E-mail:
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Ribeiro FA, Kunze EK, Domenech-Perez K, Herrera NJ, Voegele HR, Hart K, Calkins CR. 126 Effects of dietary fat source and modified distillers grains on beef quality. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tahir B, Marshall H, Hughes P, Stewart N, Horn F, Collier G, Norquay G, Hart K, Swinscoe J, Hatton M, Wild J, Ireland R. WE-AB-202-07: Ventilation CT: Voxel-Level Comparison with Hyperpolarized Helium-3 & Xenon-129 MRI. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Weatherley ND, Stewart NJ, Marshall H, Collier G, Hart K, Horn F, Norquay G, Whyte MK, Bianchi S, Wild JM. P286 Correlations of functional multi-nuclear MR imaging indices with pulmonary function tests in the assessment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kreitzer N, Hart K, Betham B, Lindsell C, Adeoye O. 424 Factors Associated With Clinical Course in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury With Intracranial Hemorrhage. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shawe J, Cooke D, Hart K, McGowan BM, Pring C, Subramanian D, Whyte M. Pregnancy after diabetes obesity surgery (PADOS): Qualitative study of pre-pregnancy care. Pregnancy Hypertens 2015; 4:238. [PMID: 26104632 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Half of all bariatric surgical procedures are in women of childbearing age. Surgery may improve fertility yet exacerbate nutritional deficiencies, that may be disadvantageous to the fetus. A frequently encountered subgroup of obese women have type 2 diabetes. The health risks, to both mother and child, of diabetes in pregnancy are well described including 4.7× risk of stillbirth and 2× risk of congenital abnormality. What is not clear is whether bariatric surgery mitigates or complicates the health consequences of women with obesity and diabetes in pregnancy. In addition the influence of the type of surgery, the optimal interval between surgery and conception and evidence based preconception recommendations are unknown. This study complements wider research aiming to inform optimal management of this patient population. Obese diabetic women require clear guidance regarding pregnancy planning after surgery. This study will develop an understanding of the barriers and facilitators (psychological, behavioural, attitudinal and nutritional) to achieving effective pre-pregnancy health and care in women with type 2 diabetes who have undergone metabolic surgery. Currently women's perception of fertility issues and risks after bariatric surgery is unknown and thus a qualitative interpretive paradigm was chosen. Interviews with the target population will explore decision-making processes; experience regarding metabolic surgery and perceived pregnancy risk. Interviews with a broad range of health professionals involved in bariatric care will include rationale for selected surgical procedure and post surgery referral processes e.g. contraceptive care. This will advance understanding of how to provide targeted support and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shawe
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - D Cooke
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - K Hart
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - B M McGowan
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - C Pring
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - D Subramanian
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - M Whyte
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
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Holbrook S, Howlett A, Hicks M, Buddhavarapu S, Hart K, Boulton J. 71: NICU Staff Perceptions of Differences Between a Shared Room NICU and a Single Family Room NICU. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e59a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Holbrook S, Howlett A, Hicks M, Buddhavarapu S, Hart K, Boulton J. 70: Parent Reports of Stressful Experiences in a Shared Room Versus a Single Family Room NICU. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ferris R, Boyle L, Hartwick C, Lanham-New S, Moreno L, Fielding B, Hart K. Innovating nutrition education. Promoting food appreciation and nutrition to school-aged children at an international sporting event. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shawe J, Cooke D, Hart K, McGowen B, Pring C, Subramanian D, White D, Whyte M. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hart K, Raviraj S, Jones C, Johnston K. Factors associated with successful weight loss maintenance after very low calorie diet-induced weight loss. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hart K, Kim L, Zaman M, Grimont C, D'Onofrio D, Freedman S, Martin C. Gut Hormone Levels in Preterm Infants as Predictors of Feeding Intolerance. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.901.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hart
- School of Medicine Boston UniversityUnited States
| | - L Kim
- Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia CollegeUnited States
| | - M Zaman
- Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUnited States
| | - C Grimont
- Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUnited States
| | - D D'Onofrio
- Department of Neonatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUnited States
| | - S Freedman
- Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUnited States
| | - C Martin
- Department of Neonatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUnited States
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Benson I, Hart K, Tussler D, van Middendorp JJ. Lower-limb exoskeletons for individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: findings from a feasibility study. Clin Rehabil 2015; 30:73-84. [PMID: 25761635 DOI: 10.1177/0269215515575166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of conducting a well-powered trial evaluating the neurological and functional effects of using an exoskeleton in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. DESIGN A longitudinal, prospective, self-controlled feasibility study. SETTING Specialist Spinal Cord Injuries Centre, UK; 8 months during 2013-2014. SUBJECTS Individuals with chronic motor complete or incomplete spinal cord injury. INTERVENTIONS Enrolled subjects were assigned to 20 exoskeleton (ReWalk™, Argo Medical Technologies Ltd, Yokneam Ilit, Israel) training sessions over a 10-week training period. MAIN MEASURES Feasibility measures, clinical and mobility outcome measures and measures appraising subjects' disability and attitude towards assistive technology were assessed before, during and after the study. Descriptive statistics were applied. RESULTS Out of 60 candidates, ten (17%) were enrolled and five (8%) completed the training programme. Primary reasons for not enrolling were ineligibility (n = 24, 40%) and limited interest to engage in a 10-week training programme (n = 16, 27%). Five out of ten enrolled subjects experienced grade I/II skin aberrations. While walking speeds were higher and walking distances were longer in all exoskeleton users when compared with non-use, the exoskeleton did generally not meet subjects' high expectations in terms of perceived benefits. CONCLUSIONS The conduct of a controlled trial evaluating the benefits of using exoskeletons that require a lengthy user-commitment to training of individuals with chronic motor complete or incomplete spinal cord injury comes with considerable feasibility challenges. Vigilance is required for preventing and detecting medical complications in spinal cord injury exoskeleton users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Benson
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Kirsten Hart
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Dot Tussler
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Joost J van Middendorp
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
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Whyte M, Pring C, Cooke D, Hart K, McGowan BM, Subramanian D, Shawe J. Pregnancy after diabetes obesity surgery (PADOS): Incidence and outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014; 4:239. [PMID: 26104634 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Half of all bariatric surgical procedures are in women of childbearing age but it remains unclear whether surgery is suitable for women who subsequently conceive: specifically the relative risks and benefits of potential nutrient deficiencies versus weight reduction. We will present data collected from Clinical Practice Research Databases on the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated either by obesity or previous bariatric surgery (BS). Two groups, matched to obese controls for BMI pre-BS and post-BS (at the time of ante-natal booking) will be compared. In this way, the effect of BS on pregnancy outcomes may be examined, independent of its effect on weight. A sub-group of women with antecedent Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) will allow for investigation of the additional impact and persistence of this co-morbidity. This builds upon pilot data collected from a retrospective cohort of women (18-45years) undergoing laparoscopic roux-en-Y (RYGB) surgery over a 24-month period (n=218). After exclusions and loss to follow up, data from 111 patients were analysed; 81 (73%) had conceived prior to RYGB, 20 (18%) became pregnant post RYGB and a further 22 patients (20%) were trying to conceive at the time of data collection. Three women had T2DM which resolved post BS. A suggestion of greater miscarriage risk prior to surgery in this sub-group will be confirmed as more women are recruited. Pregnancy is a frequent desire/occurrence after BS. This database study will advance understanding of the maternal and fetal outcomes of such pregnancies and inform antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Whyte
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - C Pring
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - D Cooke
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - K Hart
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - B M McGowan
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - D Subramanian
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - J Shawe
- Faculty Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
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Vionnet J, Hart K, Spertini F. [Shingles vaccine: which recommendations in 2014?]. Rev Med Suisse 2014; 10:869-875. [PMID: 24834646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zostavax, a live attenuated vaccine against shingles (herpes zoster) has been available in Switzerland since 2008. In a population aged 60 and over, evidence suggests the vaccine effectively reduces the incidence of shingles and some of its corresponding complications. More importantly, in terms of public health, vaccination appears to reduce the burden of illness and be pharmaco-economically viable. Despite being part of the vaccination programmes in the United States and several European countries, the vaccine is not yet part of the Swiss vaccination programme. Should Switzerland follow suit by incorporating Zostavax into their vaccination policy?
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Geenty KG, Brien FD, Hinch GN, Dobos RC, Refshauge G, McCaskill M, Ball AJ, Behrendt R, Gore KP, Savage DB, Harden S, Hocking-Edwards JE, Hart K, van der Werf JHJ. Reproductive performance in the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus using artificial insemination across different sheep-production environments in southern Australia. Anim Prod Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an11323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present paper covers reproductive performance in an artificial-insemination (AI) program of the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus with 24 699 lambs born at eight locations in southern Australia across five lambings between 2007 and 2011. Results from AI with frozen semen compared well with industry standards for natural mating. Conception rates averaged 72%, and 1.45 lambs were born per ewe pregnant for Merino ewes and 1.67 for crossbreds. Lamb deaths averaged 21% for Merino ewes and 15% for crossbreds and 19%, 22% and 20% for lambs from ewes that were mated to terminal, Merino and maternal sire types, respectively. Net reproductive rates were 82% for Merino ewes and 102% for crossbreds. From 3198 necropsies across 4 years, dystocia and starvation-mismothering accounted for 72% of lamb deaths within 5 days of lambing. Major risk factors for lamb mortality were birth type (single, twin or higher order), birthweight and dam breed. Losses were higher for twin and triplet lambs than for singles and there was greater mortality at relatively lighter and heavier birthweights. We conclude that reproductive rate in this AI program compared favourably with natural mating. Lamb birthweight for optimum survival was in the 4–8-kg range. Crossbred ewes had greater reproductive efficiency than did Merinos.
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Wright S, Conine B, Yamin C, Lindsell C, Hart K, Smith C, Trott A. Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection Rates in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-Center Cohort Study. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Trivedi J, Bundy B, Raja Rayan D, Salajegheh M, Statland J, Venance S, Wang Y, Fialho D, Hart K, Gorham N, Herbelin L, Amato A, Hanna M, Griggs R, Barohn R. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Non-Dystrophic Myotonia (P05.181). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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McMullan J, Rodriguez D, Hart K, Lindsell C, Branson R. 193 Prevalence of Hypoxemia and Oxygen Use in Trauma Patients Prior to Hospital Arrival. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wiggins SM, Reijnders MP, Abuazoum S, Hart K, Welsh GH, Issac RC, Jones DR, Jaroszynski DA. Note: femtosecond laser micromachining of straight and linearly tapered capillary discharge waveguides. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:096104. [PMID: 21974631 DOI: 10.1063/1.3640410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gas-filled capillary discharge waveguides are important structures in laser-plasma interaction applications, such as the laser wakefield accelerator. We present the methodology for applying femtosecond laser micromachining in the production of capillary channels (typically 200-300 μm in diameter and 30-40 mm in length), including the formalism for capillaries with a linearly tapered diameter. The latter is demonstrated to possess a smooth variation in diameter along the length of the capillary (tunable with the micromachining trajectories). This would lead to a longitudinal plasma density gradient in the waveguide that may dramatically improve the laser-plasma interaction efficiency in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wiggins
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.
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Macdonald HM, Mavroeidi A, Fraser WD, Darling AL, Black AJ, Aucott L, O'Neill F, Hart K, Berry JL, Lanham-New SA, Reid DM. Sunlight and dietary contributions to the seasonal vitamin D status of cohorts of healthy postmenopausal women living at northerly latitudes: a major cause for concern? Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2461-72. [PMID: 21085934 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We assessed sunlight and dietary contributions to vitamin D status in British postmenopausal women. Our true longitudinal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurements varied seasonally, being lower in the north compared to the south and lower in Asian women. Sunlight exposure in summer and spring provided 80% total annual intake of vitamin D. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is highlighted as a potential problem for countries at high latitude, but there are few true longitudinal, seasonal data to allow regional comparisons. We aimed to directly compare seasonal variation in vitamin D status (25(OH)D) in postmenopausal women at two northerly latitudes and to assess the relative contributions of sunlight exposure and diet. METHODS Vitamin D status was assessed in 518 postmenopausal women (age 55-70 years) in a two-centre cohort study with serum collected at fixed three-monthly intervals from summer 2006 for immunoassay measurement of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone. At 57° N (Aberdeen, Scotland, UK), there were 338 Caucasian women; at 51° N (Surrey, South of England, UK), there were 144 Caucasian women and 35 Asian women. UVB exposure (polysulphone film badges) and dietary vitamin D intakes (food diaries) were also estimated. RESULTS Caucasian women had lower 25(OH)D (p < 0.001) at 57° N compared to 51° N. Median (interquartile range) in nanomoles per litre for summer (June-August) at 57° N was 43.0 (20.9) and at 51° N was 62.5 (26.6) and for winter (December-February) at 57° N was 28.3 (18.9) and at 51° N was 39.9 (24.0). For Asian women at 51° N, median 25(OH)D was 24.0 (15.8) nmol/L in summer and 16.9 (15.9) nmol/L in winter. Median dietary vitamin D intakes were 80-100 IU for Caucasians and 50-65 IU for the Asian women. Sunlight was the main contributor to 25(OH)D with spring and summer providing >80% total annual intake. CONCLUSIONS These longitudinal data show significant regional and ethnic differences in UVB exposure and vitamin D status for postmenopausal women at northerly latitudes. The numbers of women who are vitamin D deficient is a major concern and public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Macdonald
- University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Kirkland PD, Davis RJ, Wong D, Ryan D, Hart K, Corney B, Hewitson G, Cooper K, Biddle A, Eastwood S, Slattery S, Rayward D, Evers M, Wright T, Halpin K, Selleck P, Watson J. The first five days: field and laboratory investigations during the early stages of the equine influenza outbreak in Australia, 2007. Aust Vet J 2011; 89 Suppl 1:6-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wilmott L, Hui S, Gibbs M, Hart K. Comparison of traditional and novel measures of body composition and vascular function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_41.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fisher K, Paxton R, Jackson H, Noble S, Thomsett K, Reynolds S, Hart K, Engel B. Comparison of screening tools in patients undergoing haemodialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Advocat T, McGlinn P, Fillet C, Leturcq G, Schuller S, Bonnetier A, Hart K. Melted Synthetic Zirconolite-Based Matrices: Effect of Cooling Rate and Heat Treatment on Ceramic Microstructure and Chemical Durability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-663-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe heat treatment conditions are a key factor in fabricating zirconolite ceramics and glass-ceramics following high-temperature melting. An oxide mixture melted at 1450°C and subsequently heat-treated at 1200°C yielded a glass-ceramic containing crystallized zirconolite–2M. The silica-enriched residual glass represented about 60-70 vol% of the total; the actinide surrogates (Nd, Ce)were equally distributed between the residual glass and the zirconolite crystals. Zirconolite ceramics obtained after melting an oxide mixture at 1600–1700°C consisted of zirconolite, perovskite and rutile. Rapid cooling rates (> 100°#x00B0;··min-1) were obtained by pouring the melt into ingot molds; the resulting zirconolite ceramics were characterized by crystals of zirconolite-2M ranging from 1 to no more than 20 μm. Slow cooling (< 25°C#x00B0;··min-1 produced ceramics with crystals several hundred micrometers long. Despite the microstructural differences, the chemical durability of the zirconolite ceramics was identical. The initial alteration rates r0 were about two orders of magnitude lower than those measured for the residual aluminosilicate glass of the zirconolite glass-ceramics. Moreover, during long-term leach tests at high S/V ratios to obtain advanced degrees of reaction progress, the alteration rates of all the materials diminished by over 3 to 4 orders of magnitude below r0.
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Wood J, Grupido N, Hart K, Flessa S, Kadin A, Keem J, Ferris D. MULTILAYER X-RAY REFLECTORS: EFFECTS OF LAYER IMPERFECTIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-56-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodic multilayer structures, consisting of largely amorphous alternating layers of heavy and light elements, have been fabricated by sputtering techniques. Investigations have been carried out into the effects of various types of layer imperfections on the x-ray optical properties of these multilayers. These have included extensive numerical modeling of real multilayers (using a computational scheme based on the complete dynamical theory) with simulations of diffused interfaces and deviations from constant d-spacing. Results are presented for examples of W–C and Hf–Si multilayers, with comparison of measurements at Cu–K to the theoretical model.
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Raynor DK, Thistlethwaite JE, Hart K, Knapp P. Are health professionals ready for the new philosophy of concordance in medicine taking? International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2001.tb01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To develop and administer a practical, valid and reliable tool to measure attitudes to concordance in medicine taking, a new concept where decisions depend on an equal partnership between patient and prescriber.
Method
A postal questionnaire was devised comprising statements from the original concordance document, along with statements reflecting the orthodox model of medicine taking. There was a total of 22 statements. Respondents rated each statement on a four-point Likert agreement scale. The questionnaire also included three scenarios of consultations involving medicine prescribing and taking, with associated statements for rating as true or false.
Setting
A random sample of 207 medical, nursing and pharmacy graduates in the North of England at the time of qualification. We received 81 completed questionnaires (39 per cent)
Key findings
Item analysis reduced the 22-item scale to a 12-item scale with good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) and construct validity was demonstrated through correlation with responses to the scenarios. Although the typical respondent had a positive attitude towards concordance (mean = 2.3), 25 per cent of respondents had negative attitudes. Pharmacists showed the least favourable attitudes (P<0.05)
Conclusions
The 12-item Leeds Attitude Towards Concordance (LATCon) scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing health care providers' attitudes to the new concept of concordance in medicine taking. Newly qualified doctors, nurses and pharmacists tended to hold favourable attitudes, although a significant minority — especially pharmacists — hold negative attitudes. These results have implications for undergraduate education and continuing professional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Raynor
- Division of Academic Pharmacy Practice, University of Leeds, England LS2 9JT
| | | | - K Hart
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds
| | - P Knapp
- Division of Academic Pharmacy Practice, University of Leeds, England LS2 9JT
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Osman S, Kanate A, Bunner P, Leadmon S, Hart K, Goff L, Tse W, Cumpston A, Remick S, Abraham J, Craig M, Hamadani M. Cyclophosphamide (CY)/G-CSF Cannot Completely Overcome Imid-Induced Impairment of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Mobilization (Mob) in Patients With Multiple Myeloma (MM). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guglieri M, Herr B, McColl E, Eagle M, Pandya S, McDermott M, Tawil R, Martens W, Annis C, Hirtz D, Kirschner J, Korinthenberg R, Hart K, Brown M, Rafferty K, Griggs R, Bushby K. P3.52 FOR-DMD: double-blind randomized trial to optimize steroid regime in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rhind SM, Evans NP, Bellingham M, Sharpe RM, Cotinot C, Mandon-Pepin B, Loup B, Sinclair KD, Lea RG, Pocar P, Fischer B, van der Zalm E, Hart K, Schmidt JS, Amezaga MR, Fowler PA. Effects of environmental pollutants on the reproduction and welfare of ruminants. Animal 2010; 4:1227-1239. [PMID: 20582145 PMCID: PMC2888112 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollutants comprise a wide range of synthetic organic compounds and heavy metals, which are dispersed throughout the environment, usually at low concentrations. Exposure of ruminants, as for all other animals, is unavoidable and while the levels of exposure to most chemicals are usually too low to induce any physiological effects, combinations of pollutants can act additively or synergistically to perturb multiple physiological systems at all ages but particularly in the developing foetus. In sheep, organs affected by pollutant exposure include the ovary, testis, hypothalamus and pituitary gland and bone. Reported effects of exposure include changes in organ weight and gross structure, histology and gene and protein expression but these changes are not reflected in changes in reproductive performance under the conditions tested. These results illustrate the complexity of the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on the reproductive axis, which make it difficult to extrapolate between, or even within, species. Effects of pollutant exposure on the thyroid gland, immune, cardiovascular and obesogenic systems have not been shown explicitly, in ruminants, but work on other species suggests that these systems can also be perturbed. It is concluded that exposure to a mixture of anthropogenic pollutants has significant effects on a wide variety of physiological systems, including the reproductive system. Although this physiological insult has not yet been shown to lead to a reduction in ruminant gross performance, there are already reports indicating that anthropogenic pollutant exposure can compromise several physiological systems and may pose a significant threat to both reproductive performance and welfare in the longer term. At present, many potential mechanisms of action for individual chemicals have been identified but knowledge of factors affecting the rate of tissue exposure and of the effects of combinations of chemicals on physiological systems is poor. Nevertheless, both are vital for the identification of risks to animal productivity and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Rhind
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - N. P. Evans
- Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow G6 1QH, UK
| | - M. Bellingham
- Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow G6 1QH, UK
| | - R. M. Sharpe
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C. Cotinot
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Developpement et de la Reproduction 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Mandon-Pepin
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Developpement et de la Reproduction 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Loup
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Developpement et de la Reproduction 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - K. D. Sinclair
- Schools of Biosciences, and Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - R. G. Lea
- Schools of Biosciences, and Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - P. Pocar
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B. Fischer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - E. van der Zalm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - K. Hart
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - J.-S. Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - M. R. Amezaga
- Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology & Medicine, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - P. A. Fowler
- Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology & Medicine, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Healy B, Hart K, Clay J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Pre-hospital oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Med J 2010; 41:618-22. [PMID: 20214690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentration oxygen is commonly administered during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The aim of this study was to determine the association between oxygen, severity markers and poor outcomes in AECOPD. METHODS In an audit of patients with AECOPD arriving by ambulance to the Emergency Department of Wellington Hospital, details of oxygen administration, clinical outcomes and severity markers were documented. The main outcome measure was a composite of death, assisted ventilation, or respiratory failure. Associations between oxygen therapy, severity markers and poor clinical outcomes were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS Of 250 patients 77 (31%) died, required assisted ventilation or were in respiratory failure. Increased oxygen flow was associated with increasing risk of death, assisted ventilation or respiratory failure with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.4) per 1 L/min oxygen flow. Increasing PaO(2) was associated with a greater risk of a poor outcome with an OR of 1.1 (95% CI 1.0-1.3) per 10 mmHg higher PaO(2). Home oxygen (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.1), previous respiratory failure (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.6), previous ventilation (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7-5.9) and home nebulizer use (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-4.3) were associated with an increased risk of a poor outcome. CONCLUSION In AECOPD high flow oxygen in the ambulance is associated with poor clinical outcomes. A number of easily identified markers of chronic disease severity indicate an increased risk of a poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wijesinghe
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand
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Yu P, Hart K, Du L. An investigation of carbohydrate and protein degradation ratios, nitrogen to energy synchronization and hourly effective rumen digestion of barley: effect of variety and growth year. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:555-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barr S, Hart K, Reeves S, Jeanes Y. Dietary intake, body composition and physical activity levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with healthy controls. J Hum Nutr Diet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00881_6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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