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Prakash K. Correlative super-resolution microscopy with deep UV reactivation. J Microsc 2023. [PMID: 38145966 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Correlative super-resolution microscopy has the potential to accurately visualize and validate new biological structures past the diffraction limit. However, combining different super-resolution modalities, such as deterministic stimulated emission depletion (STED) and stochastic single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), is a challenging endeavour. For correlative STED and SMLM, the following poses a significant challenge: (1) the photobleaching of the fluorophores in STED; (2) the subsequent reactivation of the fluorophores for SMLM and (3) finding the right fluorochrome and imaging buffer for both imaging modalities. Here, we highlight how the deep ultraviolet (DBUE) wavelengths of the Mercury (Hg) arc lamp can help recover STED bleaching and allow for the reactivation of single molecules for SMLM imaging. We also show that Alexa Fluor 594 and the commercially available Prolong Diamond to be excellent fluorophores and imaging media for correlative STED and SMLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.
- Integrated Pathology Unit, Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
| | - Alistair P Curd
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Hohlbein J, Diederich B, Marsikova B, Reynaud EG, Holden S, Jahr W, Haase R, Prakash K. Open microscopy in the life sciences: quo vadis? Nat Methods 2022; 19:1020-1025. [PMID: 36008630 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hohlbein
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Benedict Diederich
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Emmanuel G Reynaud
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Holden
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Wiebke Jahr
- In-Vision Technologies AG, Guntramsdorf, Austria
| | - Robert Haase
- DFG Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kirti Prakash
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.,Integrated Pathology Unit, Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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Prakash K, Diederich B, Heintzmann R, Schermelleh L. Super-resolution microscopy: a brief history and new avenues. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210110. [PMID: 35152764 PMCID: PMC8841785 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) is a fast-developing field that encompasses fluorescence imaging techniques with the capability to resolve objects below the classical diffraction limit of optical resolution. Acknowledged with the Nobel prize in 2014, numerous SRM methods have meanwhile evolved and are being widely applied in biomedical research, all with specific strengths and shortcomings. While some techniques are capable of nanometre-scale molecular resolution, others are geared towards volumetric three-dimensional multi-colour or fast live-cell imaging. In this editorial review, we pick on the latest trends in the field. We start with a brief historical overview of both conceptual and commercial developments. Next, we highlight important parameters for imaging successfully with a particular super-resolution modality. Finally, we discuss the importance of reproducibility and quality control and the significance of open-source tools in microscopy. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- Integrated Pathology Unit, Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Benedict Diederich
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
MINFLUX is purported as the next revolutionary fluorescence microscopy technique claiming a spatial resolution in the range of 1-3 nm in fixed and living cells. Though the claim of molecular resolution is attractive, I am concerned whether true 1 nm resolution has been attained. Here, I compare the performance with other super-resolution methods focusing particularly on spatial resolution claims, subjective filtering of localizations, detection versus labelling efficiency and the possible limitations when imaging biological samples containing densely labelled structures. I hope the analysis and evaluation parameters presented here are not only useful for future research directions for single-molecule techniques but also microscope users, developers and core facility managers when deciding on an investment for the next 'state-of-the-art' instrument. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- National Physical Laboratory, TW11 0LW Teddington, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
- Joint Integrated Pathology Unit, Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
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Prakash K, Diederich B, Reichelt S, Heintzmann R, Schermelleh L. Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy: past, present and future. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200143. [PMID: 33896205 PMCID: PMC8366908 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has emerged as an essential technique for three-dimensional (3D) and live-cell super-resolution imaging. However, to date, there has not been a dedicated workshop or journal issue covering the various aspects of SIM, from bespoke hardware and software development and the use of commercial instruments to biological applications. This special issue aims to recap recent developments as well as outline future trends. In addition to SIM, we cover related topics such as complementary super-resolution microscopy techniques, computational imaging, visualization and image processing methods. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- National Physical Laboratory, TW11 0LW Teddington, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedict Diederich
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Reichelt
- CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lothar Schermelleh
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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Abstract
We report that high-density single-molecule super-resolution microscopy can be achieved with a conventional epifluorescence microscope set-up and a mercury arc lamp. The configuration termed as laser-free super-resolution microscopy (LFSM) is an extension of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) techniques and allows single molecules to be switched on and off (a phenomenon termed as 'blinking'), detected and localized. The use of a short burst of deep blue excitation (350-380 nm) can be further used to reactivate the blinking, once the blinking process has slowed or stopped. A resolution of 90 nm is achieved on test specimens (mouse and amphibian meiotic chromosomes). Finally, we demonstrate that stimulated emission depletion and LFSM can be performed on the same biological sample using a simple commercial mounting medium. It is hoped that this type of correlative imaging will provide a basis for a further enhanced resolution. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- National Physical Laboratory, TW11 0LW Teddington, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Rohini MR, Sankaran M, Rajkumar S, Prakash K, Gaikwad A, Chaudhury R, Malik SK. Morphological characterization and analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in Citrus × jambhiri Lush. using SSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 2020; 67:1259-1275. [DOI: 10.1007/s10722-020-00909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Bayraktar OA, Bartels T, Holmqvist S, Kleshchevnikov V, Martirosyan A, Polioudakis D, Ben Haim L, Young AMH, Batiuk MY, Prakash K, Brown A, Roberts K, Paredes MF, Kawaguchi R, Stockley JH, Sabeur K, Chang SM, Huang E, Hutchinson P, Ullian EM, Hemberg M, Coppola G, Holt MG, Geschwind DH, Rowitch DH. Astrocyte layers in the mammalian cerebral cortex revealed by a single-cell in situ transcriptomic map. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:500-509. [PMID: 32203496 PMCID: PMC7116562 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the cerebral cortex is organized into six excitatory neuronal layers, it is unclear whether glial cells show distinct layering. In the present study, we developed a high-content pipeline, the large-area spatial transcriptomic (LaST) map, which can quantify single-cell gene expression in situ. Screening 46 candidate genes for astrocyte diversity across the mouse cortex, we identified superficial, mid and deep astrocyte identities in gradient layer patterns that were distinct from those of neurons. Astrocyte layer features, established in the early postnatal cortex, mostly persisted in adult mouse and human cortex. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial reconstruction analysis further confirmed the presence of astrocyte layers in the adult cortex. Satb2 and Reeler mutations that shifted neuronal post-mitotic development were sufficient to alter glial layering, indicating an instructive role for neuronal cues. Finally, astrocyte layer patterns diverged between mouse cortical regions. These findings indicate that excitatory neurons and astrocytes are organized into distinct lineage-associated laminae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ali Bayraktar
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Theresa Bartels
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Staffan Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Araks Martirosyan
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven Department of Neuroscience, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Damon Polioudakis
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam M H Young
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mykhailo Y Batiuk
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven Department of Neuroscience, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirti Prakash
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Brown
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John H Stockley
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khalida Sabeur
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandra M Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Hutchinson
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G Holt
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven Department of Neuroscience, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Prakash K, Bunce N, Anderson L, He T, Tome M, Papadakis M, Kaski JC, Sharma S. 554Ethnic differences in the phenotypic expression of HCM on CMR. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez125.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Prakash
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Bunce
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Anderson
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - T He
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Tome
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Papadakis
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J C Kaski
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Sharma
- St George"s University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Prakash K, Kumar JV, Latha P, Kumar PS, Karuthapandian S. Fruitful fabrication of CDs on GO/g-C3N4 sheets layers: A carbon amalgamation for the remediation of carcinogenic pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Latha P, Prakash K, Karuthapandian S. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of CeO 2 /alumina nanocomposite: Synthesized via facile mixing-calcination method for dye degradation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prakash K, Kumar PS, Latha P, Saravanakumar K, Karuthapandian S. Design and Fabrication of a Novel Metal-Free SiO2/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite: A Robust Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Organic Contaminants. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prakash K, Aggarwal S, Bhardwaj S, Ramakrishna G, Pandey CK. Serial perioperative cell-free DNA levels in donors and recipients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:1084-1094. [PMID: 28766696 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is not known. Given that surgical stress augments inflammation and injury, we hypothesized that levels of cfDNA will fluctuate during perioperative period. Therefore, in this study serial perioperative cfDNA concentration was measured in donors and recipients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS Baseline, post-induction, intraoperative and post-operative plasma cfDNA levels were evaluated in 21 donors and recipients each, by Sytox green method. In addition, qPCR was performed in a subset of samples. RESULTS Baseline cfDNA levels were higher in recipients (37.62 ng/ml) than in donors (25.49 ng/ml). A decrease in cfDNA was observed following anaesthesia induction in both recipients (11.90 ng/ml) and donors (10.75 ng/ml). When the kinetics of the cfDNA was monitored further, an increase was noted intraoperatively in donors (46.18 ng/ml) and recipients (anhepatic phase: 56.25 ng/ml, reperfusion phase: 54.36 ng/ml). cfDNA levels remained high post-operatively. One recipient who developed post-operative sepsis had the highest cfDNA level (94.72 ng/ml). CONCLUSION Plasma cfDNA levels are high in recipients indicative of liver injury. Lower cfDNA levels following induction may be attributed to the subduing effect of anaesthetic agents on cell death. High cfDNA levels seen in intra- and post-operative phases reflect cellular trauma and inflammation. This similar pattern of fluctuation of cfDNA level in donors and recipients is suggestive of its possible utility as a surgical stress marker. In addition, comparable cfDNA levels in anhepatic and reperfusion phase reflect less ischemia reperfusion injury during LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Prakash
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care; Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences; Vasant Kunj New Delhi India
| | - S. Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine; Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences; Vasant Kunj New Delhi India
| | - S. Bhardwaj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine; Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences; Vasant Kunj New Delhi India
| | - G. Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine; Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences; Vasant Kunj New Delhi India
| | - C. K. Pandey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care; Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences; Vasant Kunj New Delhi India
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Saravanakumar K, Karthik R, Chen SM, Vinoth Kumar J, Prakash K, Muthuraj V. Construction of novel Pd/CeO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites as efficient visible-light photocatalysts for hexavalent chromium detoxification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 504:514-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Papatheodorou E, Papadakis M, Ensam B, Finocchiaro G, Mellor G, Prakash K, D'Silva A, Wijeyeratne Y, Miles C, Malhotra A, Tome-Esteban M, Batchvarov V, Sheppard M, Sharma S, Behr E. P2115Validation of the proposed Shanghai Brugada Syndrome Score (SBrS) in a cohort of relatives of Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) victims. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Papatheodorou
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Papadakis
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. Ensam
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Finocchiaro
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Mellor
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. Prakash
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. D'Silva
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Wijeyeratne
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Miles
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Malhotra
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Tome-Esteban
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - V. Batchvarov
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - M.N. Sheppard
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Sharma
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - E.R. Behr
- St George's University of London, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Millar L, Dhutia H, Keteepe-Arachi T, Finocchiaro G, Malhotra A, Di Silva A, Prakash K, Carr-White J, Webb J, Merghani A, Bunce N, Anderson L, Narain R, Sharma R, Sharma S. P1531Clinical parameters to differentiate athlete's heart from dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Histone modifications alone or in combination are thought to modulate chromatin structure and function; a concept termed histone code. By combining evidence from several studies, we investigated if the histone code can play a role in higher-order folding of chromatin. Firstly using genomic data, we analyzed associations between histone modifications at the nucleosome level. We could dissect the composition of individual nucleosomes into five predicted clusters of histone modifications. Secondly, by assembling the raw reads of histone modifications at various length scales, we noticed that the histone mark relationships that exist at nucleosome level tend to be maintained at the higher orders of chromatin folding. Recently, a high-resolution imaging study showed that histone marks belonging to three of the five predicted clusters show structurally distinct and anti-correlated chromatin domains at the level of chromosomes. This made us think that the histone code can have a significant impact in the overall compaction of DNA: at the level of nucleosomes, at the level of genes, and finally at the level of chromosomes. As a result, in this article, we put forward a theory where the histone code drives not only the functionality but also the higher-order folding and compaction of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Prakash
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - David Fournier
- Faculty of Biology and Center for Computational Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Raine D, Begg G, Moore J, Taylor E, Buck R, Honarbakhsh S, Yew Ding W, Redfearn D, Opel A, Opel A, Thomas D, Prakash K, Thomas D, Khokhar A, Honarbakhsh S, Tairova S, Getman N, McAloon C, Honarbakhsh S, Shah M, Al-Lawati K, Al-Lawati K, Ensam B, Collins G, Akbar S, Merghani A, Furniss G, Yones E, Vijayashankar SS, Vijayashankar SS, Shariat H, Moss A, Yeoh A, Sadiq A, Taylor R, Edwards T, Nizam ud Din K, Langley P, Shepherd E, Murray S, Lord S, Bourke J, Plein S, Lip G, Tayebjee MH, Owen N, White S, O'Neill M, Hughes L, Carroll S, Moss-Morris R, Baker V, Kirkby C, Patel K, Robinson G, Antoniou S, Richmond L, Ullah W, Hunter R, Finlay M, Earley M, Whitbread M, Schilling R, Cooper R, Modi S, Somani R, Ng A, Hobson N, Caldwell J, Hadjivassilev S, Ang R, Finlay M, Dhinoja M, Earley M, Sporton S, Schilling R, Hunter R, Hadjivassilev S, Earley M, Lambiase P, Turley A, Child N, Linker N, Owens W, James S, Milner J, Tayebjee M, Sibley J, Griffiths A, Meredith T, Basher Y, Betts T, Rajappan K, Lambiase P, Lowe M, Hunter R, Schilling R, Finlay M, Rakhimbaeva G, Akramova N, Getman T, Hamborg T, O'Hare J, Randeva H, Osman F, Srinivasan N, Kirkby C, Firman E, Tobin L, Murphy C, Lowe M, Hunter R, Finlay M, Schilling R, Lambiase P, Mohan P, Salahia G, Lim H, Lim HS, Batchvarov V, Brennan P, Cox A, Muir A, Behr E, Hamill S, Laventure C, Newell S, Gordon B, Bashir K, Chuen J, Foster W, Yusuf S, Osman F, Hayat S, Panagopoulos D, Davies E, Tomlinson D, Haywood G, Mullan J, Kelland N, Horwood A, Connell N, Odams S, Maloney J, Shetty A, Kyriacou A, Sahu J, Lee J, Uzun O, Wong A, Ashtekar S, Uzun O, Wong A, Ashtekar S, Hashemi J, Gazor S, Redfearn D, Song A, Jenkins J, Glancy J, Wilson D, Sammut E, Diab I, Cripps T, Gill A, Abbas S, Enye J, Wahab A, Elshafie S, Ling K, Carey P, Chatterjee D, Timbrell S, Tufail W, Why H, Martos R, Thornley A, James S, Turley A, Bates M, Linker N, Hassan E, Quick J, Cowell R, Ho E. POSTERS (1)59MULTIPOLAR CONTACT MAPPING GUIDED ABLATION OF TEMPORALLY STABLE HIGH FREQUENCY AND COMPLEX FRACTIONATED ATRIAL ELECTROGRAM SITES IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION60INTRA-CARDIAC AND PERIPHERAL LEVELS OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF FIBROSES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATHETER ABLATION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILATION61THE DON'T WAIT TO ANTICOAGULATE PROJECT (DWAC) BY THE WEST OF ENGLAND ACADEMIC HEALTH SCIENCE NETWORK (AHSN) OPTIMISES STROKE PREVENTION FOR PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) WITHIN PRIMARY CARE IN LINE WITH NICE CG180 IN THE WEST OF ENGLAND62ILLNESS AND TREATMENT REPRESENTATIONS, COPING AND DISTRESS: VICIOUS CYCLES OF EVERYDAY EXPERIENCES IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION63THE NEEDS OF THE ADOLESCENT LIVING WITH AN INHERITED CARDIAC CONDITION: THE PATIENTS' PERSPECTIVE64SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PARAMEDIC TREATMENT OF REGULAR SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (PARA-SVT)65NATURAL PROGRESSION OF QRS DURATION FOLLOWING IMPLATABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD) - IMPLANTATION66COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF VOLTAGE DIRECTED CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS ABLATION USING MINI VS CONVENTIONAL ELETRODES67CRYOBALLOON ABLATION (CRYO) FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) CANNOT BE GUIDED BY TEMPERATURE END-POINTS ALONE68MODERATOR BAND ECTOPY UNMASKED BY ADENOSINE AS A CAUSE OF ECTOPIC TRIGGERED IDIOPATHIC VF69EARLY CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH TARGETED SITE SELECTION FOR THE WiCS-LV ELECTRODE FOR CRT70DOES VECTOR MAPPING PRIOR TO IMPLANTABLE LOOP RECORDER INSERTION IMPROVE THE DETECTION OF ARRHYTHMIA?71THE ROLE OF SPECKLE TRACKING STRAIN IMAGING IN ASSESSING LEFT VENTRICULAR RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY IN RESPONDERS AND NON-RESPONDERS72EVALUATING PATIENTS' EXPERIENCE AND SATISFACTION OF THE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION PROCEDURE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS73TROUBLESHOOTING LV LEAD IMPLANTATION - NOVEL “UNIRAIL TECHNIQUE”74SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCELEROSIS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT75EFFECT OF LOZARTANE ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRICAL INSTABILITY OF THE MYOCARDIUM76THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELLING IN CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY77FAMILY SCREENING IN IDIOPATHIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION78MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN A LARGE TEACHING HOSPITAL79THE EFFECT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD POSITION ON SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH BINVENTRICULAR PACEMAKRS/DEFIBRILLATORS80ACUTE DEVICE IMPLANT-RELATED COMPLICATIONS DO NOT INCREASE LATE MORTALITY81ABORTED CARIDAC ARREST AS THE SENTINEL PRESENTATION IN A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH THE CONCEALED BRUGADA PHENOTYPE82POST-CARDIAC DEVICE IMPLANTATION MOBILISATION ADVICE: A NATIONAL SURVEY83DO RISK SCORES DEVELOPED TO PROTECT ONE-YEAR MORTALITY ACTUALLY HELP IN ACCURATELY SELECTING PATIENTS RECEIVING PRIMARY PREVENTION ICD?84ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA ARISING FROM THE NON-CORONARY AORTIC CUSP85THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION STRATEGIES ON SURFACE ECG P WAVE DURATION86PRESCRIBING DRONEDARONE: HOW IS IT DONE ACROSS THE UK AND IS IT SAFE?87A CASE OF WIDE COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA88TRANSITION TO DEDICATED DAY CASE DEVICES - SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN A LARGE VOLUME CENTRE89SEQUENTIAL REGIONAL DOMINANT FREQUENCY MAPPING DURING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A NOVEL TEQUNIQUE90ELECTIVE CARDIOVERSION ENERGY PROTOCOLS: A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF ESCALATION STRATEGIES91THE INCIDENCE OF CLINCALLY RELEVANT HAEMATOMAS WITH PERIOPERATIVE USE OF NEWER P2Y12 INHIBITORS AND INTERRUPTED NOAC THERAPY IN CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE INSERTION92AN AUDIT OF THE OUTCOMES FOR CHEMICAL AND DIRECT CURRENT CARDIOVERSION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AT OUR DGH OVER A 3 YEAR DURATION93REAL LIFE ACUTE MANAGEMET OF HAEMODYNAMICALLY TOLERATED MONOMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA. ARE WE MAKING EVIDENCE BASED ON DECISIONS?94A SERVICE EVALUATION TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS VERSUS WARFARIN FOR ELECTIVE CARDIVERSION IN PATIENTS WITH NON VALVULAR AF IN A NURSE LED CARDIOVERSION SERVICE95PICK UP RATE OF IMPLANTED LOOP RECORDER AT A DISTRICT HOSPITAL. Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prakash K, Aggarwal S, Bhardwaj S, Ramakrishna G, Pandey CK. Abstract PR524. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492907.46035.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Żurek-Biesiada D, Szczurek AT, Prakash K, Mohana GK, Lee HK, Roignant JY, Birk UJ, Dobrucki JW, Cremer C. Localization microscopy of DNA in situ using Vybrant ® DyeCycle™ Violet fluorescent probe: A new approach to study nuclear nanostructure at single molecule resolution. Exp Cell Res 2016; 343:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Żurek-Biesiada D, Szczurek AT, Prakash K, Best G, Mohana GK, Lee HK, Roignant JY, Dobrucki JW, Cremer C, Birk U. Quantitative super-resolution localization microscopy of DNA in situ using Vybrant® DyeCycle™ Violet fluorescent probe. Data Brief 2016; 7:157-71. [PMID: 27054149 PMCID: PMC4802433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) is a recently emerged optical imaging method that was shown to achieve a resolution in the order of tens of nanometers in intact cells. Novel high resolution imaging methods might be crucial for understanding of how the chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins, is arranged in the eukaryotic cell nucleus. Such an approach utilizing switching of a fluorescent, DNA-binding dye Vybrant® DyeCycle™ Violet has been previously demonstrated by us (Żurek-Biesiada et al., 2015) [1]. Here we provide quantitative information on the influence of the chemical environment on the behavior of the dye, discuss the variability in the DNA-associated signal density, and demonstrate direct proof of enhanced structural resolution. Furthermore, we compare different visualization approaches. Finally, we describe various opportunities of multicolor DNA/SMLM imaging in eukaryotic cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Żurek-Biesiada
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Kirti Prakash
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Best
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giriram K Mohana
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hyun-Keun Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Mainz (JGU), Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Roignant
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jurek W Dobrucki
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Mainz (JGU), Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Udo Birk
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Mainz (JGU), Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Rao B, Fathima S, Viswanath V, Prakash K, Padmini D, Reddy P. Novel Citric Acid Dendritic Hydrogels for the Delivery of Econazole Nitrate and its Antifungal Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.601213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kamalesh NP, Prakash K, Philip M, Pramil K, Sylesh A, Shaji P, Deepak GT, Rohan S. Menetrier’s Disease with Early Gastric Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 37:58-61. [PMID: 29668181 DOI: 10.7869/tg.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deepak GT, Karthik K, Vijin V, Rohan S, Pramil K, Kamlesh N, Shaji P, Prakash K. A prospective study of bladder and sexual dysfunction following laparoscopic low anterior resection for carcinoma rectum in males. Apollo Medicine 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apme.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kirmes I, Szczurek A, Prakash K, Charapitsa I, Heiser C, Musheev M, Schock F, Fornalczyk K, Ma D, Birk U, Cremer C, Reid G. A transient ischemic environment induces reversible compaction of chromatin. Genome Biol 2015; 16:246. [PMID: 26541514 PMCID: PMC4635527 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cells detect and adapt to hypoxic and nutritional stress through immediate transcriptional, translational and metabolic responses. The environmental effects of ischemia on chromatin nanostructure were investigated using single molecule localization microscopy of DNA binding dyes and of acetylated histones, by the sensitivity of chromatin to digestion with DNAseI, and by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) of core and linker histones. Results Short-term oxygen and nutrient deprivation of the cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 induces a previously undescribed chromatin architecture, consisting of large, chromatin-sparse voids interspersed between DNA-dense hollow helicoid structures 40–700 nm in dimension. The chromatin compaction is reversible, and upon restitution of normoxia and nutrients, chromatin transiently adopts a more open structure than in untreated cells. The compacted state of chromatin reduces transcription, while the open chromatin structure induced upon recovery provokes a transitory increase in transcription. Digestion of chromatin with DNAseI confirms that oxygen and nutrient deprivation induces compaction of chromatin. Chromatin compaction is associated with depletion of ATP and redistribution of the polyamine pool into the nucleus. FRAP demonstrates that core histones are not displaced from compacted chromatin; however, the mobility of linker histone H1 is considerably reduced, to an extent that far exceeds the difference in histone H1 mobility between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Conclusions These studies exemplify the dynamic capacity of chromatin architecture to physically respond to environmental conditions, directly link cellular energy status to chromatin compaction and provide insight into the effect ischemia has on the nuclear architecture of cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0802-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kirmes
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kirti Prakash
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Karolina Fornalczyk
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dongyu Ma
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Udo Birk
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany. .,Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - George Reid
- Institute for Molecular Biology, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Nagarajan R, Prakash K. Synthesis of Azepino[4,5-b]indole Analogues via 7-endo-Selective Cyclization of Isocyanoacetates and Indole-1,2-alkynylaldehydes: An Approach towards the Chromoazepinone Core. Synlett 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Szczurek AT, Prakash K, Lee HK, Żurek-Biesiada DJ, Best G, Hagmann M, Dobrucki JW, Cremer C, Birk U. Single molecule localization microscopy of the distribution of chromatin using Hoechst and DAPI fluorescent probes. Nucleus 2014; 5:331-40. [PMID: 25482122 PMCID: PMC4152347 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.29564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches have been described to fluorescently label and image DNA and chromatin in situ on the single-molecule level. These superresolution microscopy techniques are based on detecting optically isolated, fluorescently tagged anti-histone antibodies, fluorescently labeled DNA precursor analogs, or fluorescent dyes bound to DNA. Presently they suffer from various drawbacks such as low labeling efficiency or interference with DNA structure. In this report, we demonstrate that DNA minor groove binding dyes, such as Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and DAPI, can be effectively employed in single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) with high optical and structural resolution. Upon illumination with low intensity 405 nm light, a small subpopulation of these molecules stochastically undergoes photoconversion from the original blue-emitting form to a green-emitting form. Using a 491 nm laser excitation, fluorescence of these green-emitting, optically isolated molecules was registered until "bleached". This procedure facilitated substantially the optical isolation and localization of large numbers of individual dye molecules bound to DNA in situ, in nuclei of fixed mammalian cells, or in mitotic chromosomes, and enabled the reconstruction of high-quality DNA density maps. We anticipate that this approach will provide new insights into DNA replication, DNA repair, gene transcription, and other nuclear processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirti Prakash
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyun-Keun Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics; University of Mainz; Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Gerrit Best
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hagmann
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jurek W Dobrucki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Kraków, Poland
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics; University of Mainz; Mainz, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Birk
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics; University of Mainz; Mainz, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
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Basavaraja D, Narayana J, Puttaiah ET, Prakash K. Phytoplankton species diversity indices in Anjanapura reservoir, Western Ghat region, India. J Environ Biol 2013; 34:805-810. [PMID: 24640261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative study on species composition and diversity of phytoplankton flora was carried out in the Anjanapura reservoir. Water samples were collected monthly at four sites from November 2005 to October 2007 for plankton analysis. A total of 152 phytoplankton species belonging to 59 genera were recorded. The species belonging to genera Crucigenia, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Tetraedron, Cyclotella, Gyrosigma, Melosira, Navicula, Fragillaria, pinnularia, Synedra, Closterium, Cosmarium, Euastrum, Staurastrum, Gleocapsa, Merismopedia, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Euglena and Phacus were found dominant. Phytoplankton density was recorded in the range of 222-1467 Org l(-1) for chlorococcales, 267-1467 Org I (-1) for diatoms, 44-889 Org l(-1) for desmids, 44-889 Org l(-1) for blue-greens and 22-1667 Org l(-1) for euglenoids. Seasonal density Shannon-Weiner diversity index (1.60-1.88) indicate that reservoir exhibited rich phytoplankton and Nygaard tropic status indices for myxophycean (1.0-1.50), chlorophycean (1.62-2.16), diatoms (0.10-0.14), euglenophycean (0.18-0.19) and compound quotient(3.25-4.66) showed that reservoir was moderately polluted. From the observed data, it could be concluded that the presence of more diverse group of phytoplankton indicate the productivity of the reservoir.
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Prakash K, Varma D, Ramesh GN, Philip M, Mahadevan P. Ileal ganglioneuromatosis with adenocarcinoma in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis. Indian J Surg 2012; 73:375-6. [PMID: 23024548 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-011-0276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Recklinghausen's disease or type 1 neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by mucocutaneous neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots and involves many organs including gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal involvement in neurofibromatosis is uncommon and is seen 25% patients and nearly 5% of them are only symptomatic (Shekitka and Sobin, Am J Surg Pathol 18:250-257, 1994; Tomita et al., Int J Colorectal Dis 21: 89-91, 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prakash
- PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala India
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Sahu JK, Sriwastva M, Prakash K. An association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) polymorphism and large-artery ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 2012; 125:e1; author reply e2. [PMID: 22188375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chandrasekaran CV, Vijayalakshmi MA, Prakash K, Bansal VS, Meenakshi J, Amit A. Review Article: Herbal Approach for Obesity Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.327119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tan E, Prakash K, Au W, Tan LC. 3.058 ANALYSIS OF LRRK2 VARIANT IN ESSENTIAL TREMOR. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gupta SK, Gupta N, Suman P, Choudhury S, Prakash K, Gupta T, Sriraman R, Nagendrakumar S, Srinivasan V. Zona pellucida-based contraceptive vaccines for human and animal utility. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 88:240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Patil RH, Prakash K, Maheshwari VL. Hypolipidemic Effect of Celastrus paniculatus in Experimentally Induced Hypercholesterolemic Wistar Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:405-10. [PMID: 21966115 PMCID: PMC2994564 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate hypolipidemic effect of methanolic extract of Celastrus paniculatus in experimentally induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding the animals with high fat diet. Oral administration of methanolic seed extract (50%) of Celastrus paniculatus at the optimized dose of 65 mg/kg body weight, substantially reduced the plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in comparison with induced hypercholesterolemic animal group and the results were comparable with the standard hypocholesterolemic drug and almost similar to the control group. Atherogenic index and liver weight of treated animals also showed significant decrease compared to the hypercholesterolemic animals. It substantially increased the HDL cholesterol level as compared to control group. A significant increase in the activities of lipoprotein lipase and plasma LCAT enhanced hepatic bile acid synthesis and thereby, increased degradation of cholesterol to neutral sterols. Furthermore, the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced. Histological studies showed less cholesterol deposits in the aorta of animals fed with seed extract of C. paniculatus compared to the induced hypercholesterolemic animals not given C. paniculatus supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. H. Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R.C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, 425405 MS India
| | - K. Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashatra University, Jalgaon, 425001 MS India
| | - V. L. Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashatra University, Jalgaon, 425001 MS India
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Abstract
AIM To compare corneal endothelial structure and central corneal thickness (CCT) between type II diabetics and non-diabetic control patients. To look for correlations between diabetic status and corneal findings. METHODS Hospital-based, observational study. 200 eyes (from 100 type II diabetic patients and 100 controls) were included. Specular microscopy and pachymetry were used to measure endothelial cell density, size, coefficient of variation in cell area, hexagonality as well as corneal thickness. Independent t-tests were used to compare variables between diabetics and controls. Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate correlations between corneal findings and diabetic status such as duration of diabetes, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and severity of diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS Endothelial cell density in the diabetic group (2541.6±516.4 cells/mm(2)) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2660.1±515.5 cells/mm(2), P<0.05). The average size of endothelial cells, standard deviation (SD) of cell size and coefficient of variation (CV) of cell area were all significantly higher in diabetics. Hexagonality was significantly lower in diabetics (41.1%±19.6%) compared to non-diabetics (45.2%±20.6%). CCT was higher in diabetics but not significant (P>0.05). Duration of diabetes, HbA1c level and severity of diabetic retinopathy were not significantly correlated with corneal endothelial findings. CONCLUSION Type II diabetes causes a significant alteration in the state of the cornea including reduction in endothelial cell density and increased pleomorphism and polymegathism. Central corneal thickness is unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mm Choo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Prakash K. A functional micro-architecture for binocular disparity and ocular dominance in visual cortex. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.15.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Salunke BK, Prakash K, Vishwakarma KS, Maheshwari VL. Plant metabolites: an alternative and sustainable approach towards post harvest pest management in pulses. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2009; 15:185-97. [PMID: 23572929 PMCID: PMC3550355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-009-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are an important source of proteins in vegetarian diet besides their role in biological nitrogen fixation. They are prone to heavy pest infestation both on and off the field. Pest associated losses are an important contributing factor towards declining per capita availability of grain legumes. Synthetic chemical pesticides have played an important role in crop preservation, however their incessant use has posed several environmental and human health concerns. Methyl bromide and phosphine are commonly used for the post harvest preservation of grain legumes. However, the former has to be phased out by 2015 as per the Montreal protocol whereas the latter is showing development of resistance to it by the insects. In the light of this, alternative, safer and sustainable strategies are needed for crop protection. Plants can serve as a rich source of bioactive chemicals for this purpose. Both primary as well as secondary metabolites can be evaluated against the target pests. The paper reviews the status of research in the area of use of plant metabolites in post harvest pest management of grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Salunke
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - K. Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - K. S. Vishwakarma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - V. L. Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
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Prakash K, Raju PN, Shanta KK, Lakshmi MN. Preparation and characterization of lamivudine microcapsules using various cellulose polymers. TROP J PHARM RES 2007. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v6i4.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Downing A, Prakash K, Gilthorpe MS, Mikeljevic JS, Forman D. Socioeconomic background in relation to stage at diagnosis, treatment and survival in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:836-40. [PMID: 17311024 PMCID: PMC2360059 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a large population-based series of invasive breast cancer patients, we investigated socioeconomic background (SEB) in relation to (a) stage at diagnosis; (b) treatment pattern; and (c) 5-year survival. Women diagnosed during 1998–2000 and resident in the Northern and Yorkshire regions of England were identified from the cancer registry database (N=12 768). Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to estimate associations between SEB (defined using the Townsend Index for area of residence) and tumour stage, treatment pattern, and survival. Living in a more deprived area was associated with increased likelihood of being diagnosed with stage III or IV disease (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.18 per quartile increase in Townsend score), and, after adjustment for age and stage, reduced odds of having surgery (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.80–0.91), and receiving radiotherapy (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.88–0.94). Amongst patients receiving surgery, those living in more deprived areas had decreased odds of having breast conserving surgery (age plus stage-adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.89–0.95). Living in a more deprived area was also associated with increased mortality (age- plus stage-adjusted hazard ratio 1.08; 95% CI 1.05–1.11). These effects may operate through several pathways, such as later presentation leading to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Downing
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Leeds, 30-32 Hyde Terrace, Leeds, UK.
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Bastion MLC, Prakash K, Siow YC, Loh SS. Bilateral corneal perforation in a sexually active adult male with gonococcal conjunctivitis. Med J Malaysia 2006; 61:366-8. [PMID: 17240593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A 41 year-old Malay man had been treated by general practitioners for bilateral red eyes with profuse discharge of three weeks' duration with no improvement. He then presented to an ophthalmologist who noted profuse purulent discharge, bilateral corneal perforation, lid swelling and chemosis. Culture of the ocular discharge grew Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Treatment with systemic and topical antibiotics prevented microperforations in the right eye from progressing to overt perforation and was able to control disease in the left eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L C Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Himalaya Eye Hospital (HEH), established in 1993, is rendering eye care services in the Gandaki and Dhaulagiri zones. The hospital has extensive community outreach activities along with services for outpatients, emergencies, and subspecialties such as vitreoretinal, paediatric, and low vision. The operation theatre is well equipped to match the surgical needs including phaco surgery for cataract. The hospital has performed more than 14 000 cataract surgeries and 250 000 treatment services during this period. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and cataract surgical coverage among the older adult population of three districts of Gandaki Zone, where 80% of the hospital's service recipients reside. METHODS People aged 45 years and older were enrolled in the study using a stratified cluster design. Subjects in 25 randomly selected clusters from the listed 806 were recruited through door to door visits. Each recruited subject had visual acuity (VA) and clinical examination conducted by an ophthalmologist. The survey was preceded by pre-pilot and pilot studies to refine the operational method. To assess quality assurance the interobserver variation in VA measurement was also carried out in five different clusters. RESULTS Out of 5863 selected subjects 85.3% were examined. Blindness defined as presenting VA <6/60 in both eyes was found in 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 3.9), whereas 16.8% individuals examined had vision <6/19 in one or both eyes. Cataract was the principal cause of blindness in 60.5%, and refractive error was the dominant cause of vision impairment (<6/19) 83.3%. Cataract surgical coverage was 59.5% among the cataract blind and associated with younger age, literacy, and male sex. CONCLUSION The finding suggests a positive impact of the HEH programme on the prevalence of blindness and cataract surgical services in the survey area. Strategies to further improve access and utilisation of facilities and increase cataract surgical coverage need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Sapkota
- Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh, PO Box 335, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Mani J, Gupta A, Mascha E, Lachhwani D, Prakash K, Bingaman W, Wyllie E. Postoperative seizures after extratemporal resections and hemispherectomy in pediatric epilepsy. Neurology 2006; 66:1038-43. [PMID: 16606916 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000204236.96232.1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To estimate frequency and risk factors for acute postoperative seizures (APOS) within the first week after extratemporal cortical resection (ETR) and hemispherectomy (HS) in children and to assess the predictive value of APOS on long-term seizure outcome in this group.Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of children (<18 years), who underwent ETR or HS for intractable epilepsy between 1995 and 2002. APOS features and seizure outcome after ETR or HS were obtained at 6, 12, and 24 months. Univariate logistic regression was used for risk factors of APOS and life table analysis and log rank tests for seizure outcome at 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 24 months.Results: Of 132 patients, 34 (26%) had APOS. APOS were more frequent after ETR (26/71) than HS (8/61) (p < 0.01). APOS, irrespective of their timing, number, semiology, or other perioperative complications, were an independent predictor of poor postoperative seizure outcome at 2 years (p < 0.001). The estimated odds of postoperative Engel class I outcome in the APOS vs non-APOS categories was 0.27 (73% less likely) for 0- to 6-month, 0.22 (78% less likely) for 6- to 12-month, and 0.13 (87% less likely) for the 12- to 24-month intervals.Conclusions: Acute postoperative seizures (APOS) occur in 26% children, and the risk is higher after extratemporal cortical resection than hemispherectomy. APOS predict a poor postoperative seizure outcome at 6, 12, and 24 months. This study is useful for counseling families after epilepsy surgery. It also suggests that APOS may not be discounted as “benign” in research studies that evaluate seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mani
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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Shah U, Arlotti J, Dhir R, Lu S, Pirozzi G, Prakash K, Getzenberg R. Androgen Regulation of JM-27 is Associated With the Diseased Prostate. J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)01027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U.S. Shah
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - J. Arlotti
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - R. Dhir
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. Lu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - G. Pirozzi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - K. Prakash
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - R.H. Getzenberg
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Prasad N, Biswas G, Khadwal A, Prakash K, Paiurikh KM. Carcinoma Esophagus with Brain Matastasis. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Hemorial Hospital Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - G Biswas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Hemorial Hospital Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - A Khadwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Hemorial Hospital Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - K Prakash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Hemorial Hospital Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - KM Paiurikh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Hemorial Hospital Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Jethani J, Prakash K, Vijayalakshmi P, Parija S. Changes in astigmatism in children with congenital nystagmus. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005; 244:938-43. [PMID: 16362319 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-005-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astigmatism is commonly reported in children with and without nystagmus. In children less than 4 years of age the astigmatism changes from against the rule (ATR) to with the rule (WTR) astigmatism in children without nystagmus. However, little is known about children with congenital nystagmus. We compared astigmatism in children with congenital nystagmus below 4 years and above 4 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred and fifty-six eyes in 178 children who satisfied the study criteria were included. The children were divided into those below 4 years of age (n of eyes = 192) and those above (n of eyes = 164). Cycloplegic refraction (with manual retinoscopy) carried out at presentation and at the last follow-up were recorded and compared. Cycloplegia was achieved using cyclopentolate eye drops. Outcome of eyes with no astigmatism at initial presentation was compared with the final refraction in both the age groups. The visual acuity at the first presentation was compared with the visual acuity at the last presentation. RESULTS Average follow-up duration was 3.36+/-1.59 years. On presentation, 176 (49.44%) eyes did not have any astigmatism. We found that 26 (25.2%) out of the 103 children below 4 years of age who did not have any astigmatism on presentation developed WTR astigmatism after a mean follow-up of 3.5+/-1.5 years. (p= 0.042). In children >or=4 years of age only 7 (9.6%) children out of 73 developed WTR after a mean follow-up of 3.4+/-1.4 years. The visual acuity change was not found to be significant in the two groups. The majority (90.3%) improved or had same visual acuity in group A and 88.9% improved or had the same visual acuity in group B at the last follow-up (p= 0.77). DISCUSSION Our incidence of WTR astigmatism in children with congenital nystagmus is similar to those previously reported series. Our data suggest that there is a significant chance that children under 4 years with congenital nystagmus may develop WTR astigmatism compared with children above 4 years of age. CONCLUSION With the rule (WTR) astigmatism is common in children with nystagmus. Children under 4 years of age presenting with no astigmatism may acquire WTR astigmatism as they grow. The amount of astigmatism increases with age in children with nystagmus. Visual acuity, however, remains stable as the age advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jethani
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospitals, 1, Annanagar, 625020, Madurai, India.
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Prakash K, Ramesh H, Jacob G, Venugopal A, Lekha V, Varma D, Ramesh GN, Augustine P. Multidisciplinary approach in the long-term management of intrahepatic stones: Indian experience. Indian J Gastroenterol 2005; 23:209-13. [PMID: 15627659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic stones, though common in East Asia, are uncommon in India. There is paucity of data from India regarding the treatment and long-term outcome of patients with intrahepatic stones. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 35 patients with intrahepatic stones who had been treated surgically. Endoscopic biliary drainage had been used in patients who presented with acute cholangitis. Intraoperative stone clearance was confirmed by choledochoscopy and intraoperative cholangiography. Outcome of surgery, frequency and subsequent management of recurrent intrahepatic stones, and factors associated with stone recurrence and cholangitis were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-one (60%) patients had bilobar disease. Eight patients underwent hepatectomy and 16 hepatico-jejunostomy with access loop; 12 of these were jejuno-duodenal anastomoses. Postoperative morbidity was observed in 10 patients (29%). Recurrence of stones occurred in 12 patients (34%) and cholangitis in 9 patients (26%). Presence of bilobar disease and associated biliary strictures were associated with recurrent cholangitis (p< 0.05). Two patients (6%) required re-operation for recurrent cholangitis. Complete removal of recurrent stones using conventional endoscope was possible through jejuno-duodenostomy in all 5 cases who had this type of access loop construction. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment for intrahepatic stones depends on the site of involvement. Construction of a jejuno-duodenal access loop in patients with bilobar disease and intrahepatic strictures is helpful in facilitating postoperative stone clearance. A multidisciplinary approach is beneficial especially when the disease is bilobar and recurrent in type.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prakash
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, P V S Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
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