1
|
Liess M, Liebmann L, Vormeier P, Weisner O, Altenburger R, Borchardt D, Brack W, Chatzinotas A, Escher B, Foit K, Gunold R, Henz S, Hitzfeld KL, Schmitt-Jansen M, Kamjunke N, Kaske O, Knillmann S, Krauss M, Küster E, Link M, Lück M, Möder M, Müller A, Paschke A, Schäfer RB, Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Schulze T, Schüürmann G, von Tümpling W, Weitere M, Wogram J, Reemtsma T. Pesticides are the dominant stressors for vulnerable insects in lowland streams. Water Res 2021; 201:117262. [PMID: 34118650 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite elaborate regulation of agricultural pesticides, their occurrence in non-target areas has been linked to adverse ecological effects on insects in several field investigations. Their quantitative role in contributing to the biodiversity crisis is, however, still not known. In a large-scale study across 101 sites of small lowland streams in Central Europe, Germany we revealed that 83% of agricultural streams did not meet the pesticide-related ecological targets. For the first time we identified that agricultural nonpoint-source pesticide pollution was the major driver in reducing vulnerable insect populations in aquatic invertebrate communities, exceeding the relevance of other anthropogenic stressors such as poor hydro-morphological structure and nutrients. We identified that the current authorisation of pesticides, which aims to prevent unacceptable adverse effects, underestimates the actual ecological risk as (i) measured pesticide concentrations exceeded current regulatory acceptable concentrations in 81% of the agricultural streams investigated, (ii) for several pesticides the inertia of the authorisation process impedes the incorporation of new scientific knowledge and (iii) existing thresholds of invertebrate toxicity drivers are not protective by a factor of 5.3 to 40. To provide adequate environmental quality objectives, the authorisation process needs to include monitoring-derived information on pesticide effects at the ecosystem level. Here, we derive such thresholds that ensure a protection of the invertebrate stream community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology (E3T), Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormeier
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Weisner
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Escher
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Henz
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Kamjunke
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Knillmann
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Küster
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Link
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Maren Lück
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Federal Environmental Agency UBA, Dessau, UFZ, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörn Wogram
- Federal Environmental Agency UBA, Dessau, UFZ, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Renpenning J, Kümmel S, Hitzfeld KL, Schimmelmann A, Gehre M. Compound-Specific Hydrogen Isotope Analysis of Heteroatom-Bearing Compounds via Gas Chromatography–Chromium-Based High-Temperature Conversion (Cr/HTC)–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9443-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Renpenning
- Department
for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research−UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department
for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research−UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina L. Hitzfeld
- Department
for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research−UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Schimmelmann
- Department
of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-1405, United States
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department
for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research−UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bashir S, Hitzfeld KL, Gehre M, Richnow HH, Fischer A. Evaluating degradation of hexachlorcyclohexane (HCH) isomers within a contaminated aquifer using compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (CSIA). Water Res 2015; 71:187-196. [PMID: 25617603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) for assessing biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers was investigated in a contaminated aquifer at a former pesticide processing facility. A CSIA method was developed and tested for efficacy in determining carbon isotope ratios of HCH isomers in groundwater samples using gas chromatography - isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). The carbon isotope ratios of HCHs measured for samples taken from the field site confirmed contaminant source zones at former processing facilities, a storage depot and a waste dump site. The (13)C-enrichment in HCHs provided evidence for biodegradation of HCHs especially downstream of the contaminant source zones. CSIA from monitoring campaigns in 2008, 2009 and 2010 revealed temporal trends in HCH biodegradation. Thus, the impact and progress of natural attenuation processes could be evaluated within the investigated aquifer. Calculations based on the Rayleigh-equation approach yielded levels of HCH biodegradation ranging from 30 to 86 %. Moreover, time- and distance-dependent in situ first-order biodegradation rate constants were estimated with maximal values of 3 × 10(-3) d(-1) and 10 × 10(-3) m(-1) for α-HCH, 11 × 10(-3) d(-1) and 37 × 10(-3) m(-1) for β-HCH, and 6 × 10(-3) d(-1) and 19 × 10(-3) m(-1) for δ-HCH, respectively. This study highlights the applicability of CSIA for the assessment of HCH biodegradation within contaminated aquifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Bashir
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina L Hitzfeld
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anko Fischer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Isodetect GmbH - Company for Isotope Monitoring, Deutscher Platz 5b, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Renpenning J, Hitzfeld KL, Gilevska T, Nijenhuis I, Gehre M, Richnow HH. Development and Validation of an Universal Interface for Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Chlorine (37Cl/35Cl) by GC-High-Temperature Conversion (HTC)-MS/IRMS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2832-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504232u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Renpenning
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina L. Hitzfeld
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Gilevska
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hitzfeld KL, Gehre M, Richnow HH. A novel online approach to the determination of isotopic ratios for organically bound chlorine, bromine and sulphur. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011; 25:3114-3122. [PMID: 21953967 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the measurement of (37)Cl, (81)Br and (34)S in organic compounds containing chlorine, bromine, and sulphur is presented to overcome some of the major drawbacks of existing methods. Contemporary methods either require reference materials with the exact molecular compositions of the substances to be tested, or necessitate several laborious offline procedures prior to isotope analysis. In our online setup, organic compounds are separated by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a high-temperature reactor. Using hydrogen as a makeup gas, the reactor achieves quantitative conversion of chlorinated, brominated and sulphurated organic compounds into gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), and hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), respectively. In this study, the GC interface was coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in single-ion mode. The ion traces of either H(35)Cl (m/z 36) and H(37)Cl (m/z 38), H(79)Br (m/z 80) and H(81)Br (m/z 82), or H(2)(32)S (m/z 34) and H(2)(34)S (m/z 36), were recorded to determine the isotopic ratios of chlorine, bromine, and sulphur isotopes. The conversion interface presented here provides a basis for a novel method for compound-specific isotope analysis of halogenated and sulphur-containing compounds. Rapid online measurements of organic chlorine-, bromine- and sulphur-containing mixtures will facilitate the isotopic analysis of compounds containing these elements, and broaden their usage in fields of environmental forensics employing isotopic concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Hitzfeld
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|