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Scheer JR, Behari K, Schwarz AA, Cascalheira CJ, Helminen EC, Pirog SA, Jaipuriyar V, Sullivan TP, Batchelder AW, Jackson SD. Expressive writing treatments to reduce PTSD symptom severity and negative alcohol-related outcomes among trauma-exposed sexual minority women and transgender/nonbinary people: Study protocol for a mixed-method pilot trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 35:101197. [PMID: 37671246 PMCID: PMC10475481 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender and/or nonbinary (TNB) individuals report an elevated prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and negative alcohol-related outcomes compared to heterosexual women and cisgender people. SMW and TNB individuals also face barriers to utilizing treatment, which can result in delayed or missed appointments. Accessible, feasible, and effective treatment approaches, such as web-based expressive writing (EW) treatments, are needed to address PTSD and negative alcohol-related outcomes in these populations. Method We describe the design of a mixed-method pilot randomized controlled trial which will compare an EW treatment adapted for SMW and TNB people (stigma-adapted EW) and trauma (i.e., non-adapted) EW with an active (neutral-event) control to determine acceptability and feasibility of a future fully powered randomized controlled trial. The sample will include 150 trauma-exposed SMW and TNB individuals from across the United States who will be randomly assigned to stigma-adapted EW (n = 50), trauma EW (n = 50), or control (n = 50). Participants will be assessed before treatment, one-week after the first writing session, and three-months after the first writing session. This paper identifies steps for evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of the proposed study and determining changes in outcomes resulting from adapted and non-adapted EW treatments to inform refinements. This paper also highlights our strategy for testing theory-driven mediators and moderators of treatment outcomes. Conclusions This mixed-method pilot trial will inform the first fully powered, self-administered, brief web-based treatment to reduce PTSD symptom severity and negative alcohol-related outcomes among trauma-exposed SMW and TNB individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R. Scheer
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Aubriana A. Schwarz
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Cory J. Cascalheira
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Emily C. Helminen
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Sophia A. Pirog
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Virinca Jaipuriyar
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Tami P. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06501, USA
| | - Abigail W. Batchelder
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Skyler D. Jackson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06501, USA
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Pachankis JE, Soulliard ZA, Layland EK, Behari K, Seager van Dyk I, Eisenstadt BE, Chiaramonte D, Ljótsson B, Särnholm J, Bjureberg J. Guided LGBTQ-affirmative internet cognitive-behavioral therapy for sexual minority youth's mental health: A randomized controlled trial of a minority stress treatment approach. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104403. [PMID: 37716019 PMCID: PMC10601985 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) addresses the adverse impacts of minority stress. However, this treatment has rarely been tested in randomized controlled trials with LGBTQ youth and never using an asynchronous online platform for broad reach. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, preliminary efficacy, and multi-level stigma moderators of LGBTQ-affirmative internet-based CBT (ICBT). METHOD Participants were 120 LGBTQ youth (ages 16-25; 37.5% transgender or non-binary; 75.8% assigned female at birth; 49.2% non-Latino White) living across 38 U.S. states and reporting depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive 10 sessions of LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT or only complete 10 weekly assessments of mental and behavioral health and minority stress; all completed measures of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, alcohol use, and HIV-transmission-risk behavior at baseline and 4 and 8 months post-baseline; 20 LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT participants completed a qualitative interview regarding intervention acceptability. RESULTS Participants randomized to LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT completed, on average, 6.08 (SD = 3.80) sessions. Participants reported that LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT was helpful and engaging and provided suggestions for enhancing engagement. Although most outcomes decreased over time, between-group comparisons were small and non-significant. LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT was more efficacious in reducing psychological distress than assessment-only for participants in counties high in anti-LGBTQ bias (b = -1.73, p = 0.001, 95% CI [-2.75, -0.70]). Session dosage also significantly predicted reduced depression and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT represents a feasible and acceptable treatment. Future research can identify more efficacious approaches and modalities for engaging LGBTQ youth, especially those living under stigmatizing conditions, who might benefit most.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Division for Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Josefin Särnholm
- Division for Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Johan Bjureberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
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Scheer JR, Helminen EC, Cascalheira CJ, Jaipuriyar V, Shaw TJ, Zabelski S, Behari K, Pirog S, Batchelder AW, Possemato K, Hughes TL, Sullivan TP. Probable PTSD, PTSD symptom severity, and comorbid PTSD and hazardous drinking among sexual minority women compared to heterosexual women: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 102:102283. [PMID: 37150043 PMCID: PMC10205673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent among sexual minority women (SMW) than among heterosexual women. PTSD risk varies among SMW, but no meta-analysis has clarified sexual identity-related disparities in probable PTSD among women or SMW's heterogeneity in PTSD risk. SMW are also at pronounced risk of comorbid PTSD and hazardous drinking (HD). However, the difference in comorbid PTSD/HD between SMW and heterosexual women is understudied. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of differences between SMW and heterosexual women and among SMW across demographic characteristics. Peer-reviewed publications that were written in English and reported quantitative data on PTSD specific to SMW were included. Eligible publications (n = 45) were identified through a systematic search of 11 electronic databases, supplemented by a search of reference lists of relevant papers. We found that probable PTSD, PTSD symptom severity, and probable comorbid PTSD/HD are highly prevalent among SMW, with SMW of color, transgender and gender diverse people, and bi+ women (e.g., bisexual, pansexual, queer) being at greatest risk. These results emphasize the need to improve accurate assessment of trauma-related sequelae among SMW and to develop, disseminate, and implement culturally sensitive treatments to reduce PTSD and comorbid PTSD/HD among at-risk SMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Scheer
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Emily C Helminen
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; College of Health Science and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Cory J Cascalheira
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Department of Counseling & Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Virinca Jaipuriyar
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Thomas J Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sasha Zabelski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Sophia Pirog
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Abigail W Batchelder
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Possemato
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University School of Nursing Center for Sexual and Gender Minority Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tami P Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Pachankis JE, Harkness A, Maciejewski KR, Behari K, Clark KA, McConocha E, Winston R, Adeyinka O, Reynolds J, Bränström R, Esserman DA, Hatzenbuehler ML, Safren SA. LGBQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young gay and bisexual men's mental and sexual health: A three-arm randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2022; 90:459-477. [PMID: 35482652 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective Skills to Empower Effective Men (ESTEEM) represents the first intervention to address the psychological pathways through which minority stress undermines young sexual minority men's (SMM's) mental and sexual health using transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study compared the efficacy of ESTEEM against two existing interventions. METHOD Participants were young human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative SMM (N = 254; ages = 18-35; 67.2% racial/ethnic minority) experiencing a depression, anxiety, and/or stress-/trauma-related disorder and past-90-day HIV transmission risk behavior. After completing HIV testing and counseling, participants were randomized to receive 10-session ESTEEM (n = 100); 10-session community-based lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning (LGBQ)-affirmative counseling (n = 102); or only HIV testing and counseling (n = 52). RESULTS For the primary outcome of any HIV transmission risk behavior at 8 months, ESTEEM was not significantly associated with greater reduction compared to HIV testing and counseling (risk ratio [RR] = 0.89, p = .52). Supportive analyses of the frequency of HIV transmission risk behavior at 8 months showed a nonsignificant difference between ESTEEM compared to HIV testing and counseling (RR = 0.69) and LGBQ-affirmative counseling (RR = 0.62). For secondary outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use, suicidality, number of mental health diagnoses) at 8 months, ESTEEM had a larger effect size than the two comparison conditions, but these comparisons did not reach statistical significance when adjusting for the false discovery rate. Observed effect sizes for condition comparisons were smaller than the effect sizes used to power the study. In exploratory analyses, ESTEEM showed promise for reducing comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Because the control conditions were associated with stronger effects than anticipated, and given the heterogeneous nature of transdiagnostic outcomes, the study possessed insufficient power to statistically detect the consistently small-to-moderate benefit of ESTEEM compared to the two control conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Pachankis JE, Williams SL, Behari K, Job S, McConocha EM, Chaudoir SR. Brief online interventions for LGBTQ young adult mental and behavioral health: A randomized controlled trial in a high-stigma, low-resource context. J Consult Clin Psychol 2020; 88:429-444. [PMID: 32271053 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify scalable interventions for improving sexual minority mental health and health-risk behavior, this study tested the efficacy of two self-guided online writing interventions-expressive writing and self-affirmation. To reach sexual minority young adults living in high-stigma, low-resource settings, we developed and tested these interventions in Appalachian Tennessee. METHOD In consultation with sexual minority young adults (n = 10) and stakeholders (n = 10) living in Appalachian Tennessee, we adapted these two writing interventions that we then delivered to 108 local sexual minority young adults (Mage = 23.68, SD = 3.11). Participants, representing diverse sexual and gender identities and socioeconomic backgrounds, were randomly assigned to participate in a 3-session expressive writing intervention, self-affirmation intervention, or neutral control. Participants completed mental health and health-risk behavior measures at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Compared to the neutral control, expressive writing exerted 3-month improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.48) and general psychological distress (d = 0.36) whereas self-affirmation exerted improvement in suicidal ideation (d = 0.62) and drug abuse (d = 0.59). Participants who were exposed to greater contextual minority stressors common in rural regions (i.e., discrimination and victimization) experienced significantly greater 3-month reductions in depression from expressive writing and self-affirmation compared to control. Those who experienced greater discrimination also experienced significantly greater 3-month reductions in suicidality from self-affirmation compared to control. CONCLUSION Brief writing interventions exert significant impact on the mental health of young adult sexual minorities, especially those exposed to minority stress. Future research can consider strategies for population-level implementation, especially in high-stigma, low-resource settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
| | | | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Sarah Job
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University
| | - Erin M McConocha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
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Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, Brisbin CD, Scheer JR, Lehavot K. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2020; 88:613-630. [PMID: 32437174 PMCID: PMC7597069 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To remedy the notable gap in evidence-based treatments for sexual minority women, this study tested the efficacy of a minority-stress-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment intended to improve this population's mental and behavioral health. METHOD The intervention, EQuIP (Empowering Queer Identities in Psychotherapy), was adapted from a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatment as also recently adapted for sexual minority men. Sexual minority women at risk of mental and behavioral health problems (n = 19) and expert providers with this population (n = 12) shaped the treatment's development, including by supporting its primary focus on universal and minority-stress-focused processes underlying this population's disproportionately poor mental and behavioral health. The resulting treatment was then delivered to young adult sexual minority women (n = 60; M age = 25.58; 41.67% racial/ethnic minority; 43.33% transgender/nonbinary) experiencing depression/anxiety and past 90-day heavy alcohol use. RESULTS Compared to waitlist (n = 30), participants randomized to immediately receive EQuIP (n = 30) experienced significantly reduced depression and anxiety (d = 0.85, 0.86, respectively); effects for alcohol use problems were smaller (d = 0.29) and marginally significant. In pre- to post-intervention pooled analyses, effect sizes for minority stress processes (mean d = .25) and universal risk factors (mean d = .48), through which the treatment was expected to work, were small and moderate, respectively, and in the expected direction. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial support for a minority-stress-focused transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatment for sexual minority women. These first results can launch exploration of other mechanisms and modalities through which to equip this population with evidence-based support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katie Wang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Keren Lehavot
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care
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Scheer JR, McConocha E, Behari K, Pachankis JE. Sexual violence as a mediator of sexual orientation disparities in alcohol use, suicidality, and sexual-risk behaviour among female youth. Psychol Sex 2019; 12:37-51. [PMID: 33981383 DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2019.1690031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence exposure represents a serious public health issue among female youth given its association with female youths' engagement in health-risk behaviours. Sexual minority female youth are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence exposure, alcohol use, suicidality, and sexual-risk behaviour. Using the population-based 2017 Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, we examined sexual violence as a mediator of sexual orientation disparities in health-risk behaviours among female youth. This study included 7,532 female students in grades 9 through 12 across the US. Participants identified their sexual orientation as heterosexual (73.5%); bisexual (12.2%); and, gay or lesbian (2.2%). Compared to heterosexual female youth, sexual violence exposure, alcohol use, binge drinking, and multiple sex partners were more common among bisexual female youth. The elevated risk of suicidality was most notable among gay or lesbian female youth relative to heterosexual female youth and bisexual female youth relative to heterosexual female youth. Mediation analyses showed that sexual violence exposure partially explained the sexual orientation disparity in these co-occurring health-risk behaviours between bisexual female youth and heterosexual female youth. Our findings highlight the need for clinical attention to be paid to assessing and treating the health effects of sexual violence, especially among bisexual female youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Scheer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erin McConocha
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John E Pachankis
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Reynolds JS, Winston R, Adeyinka O, Harkness A, Burton CL, Behari K, Sullivan TJ, Eldahan AI, Esserman DA, Hatzenbuehler ML, Safren SA. Project ESTEEM protocol: a randomized controlled trial of an LGBTQ-affirmative treatment for young adult sexual minority men's mental and sexual health. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1086. [PMID: 31399071 PMCID: PMC6688287 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young gay and bisexual men disproportionately experience depression, anxiety, and substance use problems and are among the highest risk group for HIV infection in the U.S. Diverse methods locate the source of these health disparities in young gay and bisexual men's exposure to minority stress. In fact, minority stress, psychiatric morbidity, substance use, and HIV risk fuel each other, forming a synergistic threat to young gay and bisexual men's health. Yet no known intervention addresses minority stress to improve mental health, substance use problems, or their joint impact on HIV risk in this population. This paper describes the design of a study to test the efficacy of such an intervention, called ESTEEM (Effective Skills to Empower Effective Men), a 10-session skills-building intervention designed to reduce young gay and bisexual men's co-occurring health risks by addressing the underlying cognitive, affective, and behavioral pathways through which minority stress impairs health. METHODS This study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, is a three-arm randomized controlled trial to examine (1) the efficacy of ESTEEM compared to community mental health treatment and HIV counseling and testing and (2) whether ESTEEM works through its hypothesized cognitive, affective, and behavioral minority stress processes. Our primary outcome, measured 8 months after baseline, is condomless anal sex in the absence of PrEP or known undetectable viral load of HIV+ primary partners. Secondary outcomes include depression, anxiety, substance use, sexual compulsivity, and PrEP uptake, also measured 8 months after baseline. DISCUSSION Delivering specific stand-alone treatments for specific mental, behavioral, and sexual health problems represents the current state of evidence-based practice. However, dissemination and implementation of this one treatment-one problem approach has not been ideal. A single intervention that reduces young gay and bisexual men's depression, anxiety, substance use, and HIV risk by reducing the common minority stress pathways across these problems would represent an efficient, cost-effective alternative to currently isolated approaches, and holds great promise for reducing sexual orientation health disparities among young men. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered October 10, 2016 to ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02929069 .
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Erin M. McConocha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Jesse S. Reynolds
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Roxanne Winston
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Oluwaseyi Adeyinka
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Charles L. Burton
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Timothy J. Sullivan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Adam I. Eldahan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Denise A. Esserman
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Mark L. Hatzenbuehler
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, USA
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Behari K, Chatterjee H, Pandey NN. Oxidation of cyclohexanone and 2-methyl cyclohexanone by Cerium Sulphate in aqueous sulphuric acid medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1981-26239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Norman JF, Phillips F, Cheeseman JR, Thomason KE, Ronning C, Behari K, Kleinman K, Calloway AB, Lamirande D. Perceiving Object Shape from Specular Highlight Deformation, Boundary Contour Deformation, and Active Haptic Manipulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149058. [PMID: 26863531 PMCID: PMC4749382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that motion facilitates the visual perception of solid object shape, particularly when surface texture or other identifiable features (e.g., corners) are present. Conventional models of structure-from-motion require the presence of texture or identifiable object features in order to recover 3-D structure. Is the facilitation in 3-D shape perception similar in magnitude when surface texture is absent? On any given trial in the current experiments, participants were presented with a single randomly-selected solid object (bell pepper or randomly-shaped "glaven") for 12 seconds and were required to indicate which of 12 (for bell peppers) or 8 (for glavens) simultaneously visible objects possessed the same shape. The initial single object's shape was defined either by boundary contours alone (i.e., presented as a silhouette), specular highlights alone, specular highlights combined with boundary contours, or texture. In addition, there was a haptic condition: in this condition, the participants haptically explored with both hands (but could not see) the initial single object for 12 seconds; they then performed the same shape-matching task used in the visual conditions. For both the visual and haptic conditions, motion (rotation in depth or active object manipulation) was present in half of the trials and was not present for the remaining trials. The effect of motion was quantitatively similar for all of the visual and haptic conditions-e.g., the participants' performance in Experiment 1 was 93.5 percent higher in the motion or active haptic manipulation conditions (when compared to the static conditions). The current results demonstrate that deforming specular highlights or boundary contours facilitate 3-D shape perception as much as the motion of objects that possess texture. The current results also indicate that the improvement with motion that occurs for haptics is similar in magnitude to that which occurs for vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Farley Norman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Flip Phillips
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Jacob R. Cheeseman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kelsey E. Thomason
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Ronning
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Kayla Kleinman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Autum B. Calloway
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Davora Lamirande
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
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Phillips F, Norman F, Behari K, Kleinman K, Mazzarella J. Shape From Very Little: The Visual and Haptic Kinetic Depth Effect. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Veena, Behari K. Kinetic study of ruthenium(VI) -- catalyzed oxidation of 2-methoxy- ethanol by aqueous alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III). TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-006-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gupta KC, Verma M, Behari K. Studies on the aqueous polymerization of acrylamide initiated by potassium permanganate/glyceric acid redox system. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00157a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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16
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Barson CA, Behari K, Bevington JC, Huckerby TN. The Reactivity of α-Methoxystyrene Toward the Benzoyloxy Radical: End Groups of Copolymers of α-Methoxystyrene with Methyl Methacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00222338808053411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Behari K, Gautam M. Oxidation of Some Aldehydes by Bromamine-T in Feebly Alkaline Medium—a Kinetic Study. Z PHYS CHEM 1988. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1988-269115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Behari K, Bevington J, Breuer S, Huckerby T. The reactions with initiating radicals of monomers having low ceiling temperatures: the case of alpha-methoxy styrene with the 2-cyano-2-propyl radical. Eur Polym J 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(88)90150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Gupta KC, Raja GD, Behari K. Note: Gel-Free Polymerization ofN, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide by Persulfate/Ascobic Acid in Aqeuous Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/00222338708068143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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23
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Behari K, Narayan H, Shukla RS, Gupta KC. Kinetic study of Ru(VI)-catalyzed oxidation of cyclic alcohols by hexacyanoferrate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium. INT J CHEM KINET 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550160302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Dwivedi R, Verma (K, Kumar P, Behari K. Ruthenate ion catalysed oxidation of some unsaturated alcohols by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) ion. Tetrahedron 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)91859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Behari K, Pandey NN, Khanna RK, Shukla RS. Kinetics of oxidation of hexane-1,6 diol by cerium(IV) in sulphuric acid. Z PHYS CHEM 1982. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1982-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Pandey NN, Narayan H, Shukla RS, Behari K. Kinetics of oxidation of Methanol and Ethanol by hexacyanoferrate(m) in alkaline medium using sodium ruthenate as catalyst. Z PHYS CHEM 1982. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1982-01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Behari K, Chatterjee H, Pandey NN. Oxidation of cyclohexanone and 2-methyl cyclohexanone by Cerium Sulphate in aqueous sulphuric acid medium. Z PHYS CHEM 1981. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1981-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Shukla M, Behari K. Congenital Bitot spots. Indian J Ophthalmol 1979; 27:63-4. [PMID: 541036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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29
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Singh B, Behari K, Krishna B. Kinetics of hydrolysis of n-hexyl bromide, n-heptyl bromide, and n-octyl bromide in alkaline and neutral media. Aust J Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9690137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Data obtained in the
kinetic study of the hydrolysis of n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and n-octyl bromide in
alkaline and neutral media at different temperatures and in varying
ethanol-water mixtures are reported. The rate constants for the three reactions
(bimolecular and unimolecular substitution, and bimolecular elimination) which
occur simultaneously have been calculated for each compound.
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