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Malarz K. Universality of random-site percolation thresholds for two-dimensional complex noncompact neighborhoods. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034108. [PMID: 38632767 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of percolation is one of the core topics in statistical mechanics. It allows one to study the phase transition known in real physical systems only in a purely geometrical way. In this paper, we determine thresholds p_{c} for random-site percolation in triangular and honeycomb lattices for all available neighborhoods containing sites from the sixth coordination zone. The results obtained (together with the percolation thresholds gathered from the literature also for other complex neighborhoods and also for a square lattice) show the power-law dependence p_{c}∝(ζ/K)^{-γ} with γ=0.526(11), 0.5439(63), and 0.5932(47), for a honeycomb, square, and triangular lattice, respectively, and p_{c}∝ζ^{-γ} with γ=0.5546(67) independently on the underlying lattice. The index ζ=∑_{i}z_{i}r_{i} stands for an average coordination number weighted by distance, that is, depending on the coordination zone number i, the neighborhood coordination number z_{i}, and the distance r_{i} to sites in the ith coordination zone from the central site. The number K indicates lattice connectivity, that is, K=3, 4, and 6 for the honeycomb, square, and triangular lattice, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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2
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Krawczyk MJ, Malarz K. Recovering Zipf's law in intercontinental scientific cooperation. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 2023; 33:111102. [PMID: 37934184 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientific cooperation on an international level has been well studied in the literature. However, much less is known about this cooperation on an intercontinental level. In this paper, we address this issue by creating a collection of approximately 13.8×106 publications around the papers by one of the highly cited authors working in complex networks and their applications. The obtained rank-frequency distribution of the probability of sequences describing continents and the number of countries-with which authors of papers are affiliated-follows the power law with an exponent -1.9108(15). Such dependence is known in the literature as Zipf's law, and it has been originally observed in linguistics; later, it turned out that it is very commonly observed in various fields. The number of distinct "continent (number of countries)" sequences in a function of the number of analyzed papers grows according to power law with exponent 0.527(14); i.e., it follows Heap's law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata J Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Malarz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Malarz K, Wołoszyn M. Thermal properties of structurally balanced systems on classical random graphs. Chaos 2023; 33:073115. [PMID: 37408154 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of social relations and the possibility of reaching the state of structural balance (Heider balance) under the influence of the temperature modeling the social noise level are discussed for interacting actors occupying nodes of classical random graphs. Depending on the graph density D, either a smooth crossover or a first-order phase transition from a balanced to an imbalanced state of the system is observed with an increase in the thermal noise level. The minimal graph density Dmin for which the first-order phase transition can be observed decreases with the system size N as Dmin∝N-0.58(1). For graph densities D>Dmin, the reduced critical temperature Tc⋆=Tc/Tc(D=1) increases with the graph density as Tc⋆∝D1.719(6) independently of the system size N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Wołoszyn
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Dworak M, Malarz K. Vanishing Opinions in Latané Model of Opinion Formation. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 25:58. [PMID: 36673198 PMCID: PMC9858223 DOI: 10.3390/e25010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the results of computer simulations based on the Nowak-Szamrej-Latané model with multiple (from two to five) opinions available in the system are presented. We introduce the noise discrimination level (which says how small the clusters of agents could be considered negligible) as a quite useful quantity that allows qualitative characterization of the system. We show that depending on the introduced noise discrimination level, the range of actors' interactions (controlled indirectly by an exponent in the distance scaling function, the larger the exponent, the more influential the nearest neighbors are) and the information noise level (modeled as social temperature, which increases results in the increase in randomness in taking the opinion by the agents), the ultimate number of the opinions (measured as the number of clusters of actors sharing the same opinion in clusters greater than the noise discrimination level) may be smaller than the number of opinions available in the system. These are observed in small and large information noise limits but result in either unanimity, or polarization, or randomization of opinions.
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5
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Malarz K, Hołyst JA. Mean-field approximation for structural balance dynamics in heat bath. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064139. [PMID: 36671080 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A critical temperature for a complete signed graph of N agents where the time-dependent polarization of links tends towards the Heider (structural) balance is found analytically using the heat-bath approach and the mean-field approximation as T^{c}=(N-2)/a^{c}, where a^{c}≈1.71649. The result is in perfect agreement with numerical simulations starting from the paradise state where all links are positively polarized as well as with the estimation of this temperature received earlier with much more sophisticated methods. When heating the system, one observes a discontinuous and irreversible phase transition at T^{c} from a nearly balanced state when the mean link polarization is about x_{c}=0.796388 to a disordered and unbalanced state where the polarization vanishes. When the initial conditions for the polarization of links are random, then at low temperatures a balanced bipolar state of two mutually hostile cliques exists that decays towards the disorder and there is a discontinuous phase transition at a temperature T^{d} that is lower than T^{c}. The system phase diagram corresponds to the so-called fold catastrophe when a stable solution of the mean-field equation collides with a separatrix, and as a result a hysteresislike loop is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz A Hołyst
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
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6
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Malarz K. Random site percolation on honeycomb lattices with complex neighborhoods. Chaos 2022; 32:083123. [PMID: 36049902 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a rough estimation-up to four significant digits, based on the scaling hypothesis and the probability of belonging to the largest cluster vs the occupation probability-of the critical occupation probabilities for the random site percolation problem on a honeycomb lattice with complex neighborhoods containing sites up to the fifth coordination zone. There are 31 such neighborhoods with a radius ranging from one to three and containing 3-24 sites. For two-dimensional regular lattices with compact extended-range neighborhoods, in the limit of the large number z of sites in the neighborhoods, the site percolation thresholds p follow the dependency p ∝ 1 / z, as recently shown by Xun et al. [Phys. Rev. E 105, 024105 (2022)]. On the contrary, non-compact neighborhoods (with holes) destroy this dependence due to the degeneracy of the percolation threshold (several values of p corresponding to the same number z of sites in the neighborhoods). An example of a single-value index ζ = ∑ i z r-where z and r are the number of sites and radius of the ith coordination zone, respectively-characterizing the neighborhood and allowing avoiding the above-mentioned degeneracy is presented. The percolation threshold obtained follows the inverse square root dependence p ∝ 1 / ζ. The functions boundaries() (written in C) for basic neighborhoods (for the unique coordination zone) for the Newman and Ziff algorithm [Phys. Rev. E 64, 016706 (2001)] are also presented. The latter may be useful for computer physicists dealing with solid-state physics and interdisciplinary statistical physics applications, where the honeycomb lattice is the underlying network topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Biernacki S, Malarz K. Does Social Distancing Matter for Infectious Disease Propagation? An SEIR Model and Gompertz Law Based Cellular Automaton. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:e24060832. [PMID: 35741552 PMCID: PMC9222381 DOI: 10.3390/e24060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present stochastic synchronous cellular automaton defined on a square lattice. The automaton rules are based on the SEIR (susceptible → exposed → infected → recovered) model with probabilistic parameters gathered from real-world data on human mortality and the characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 disease. With computer simulations, we show the influence of the radius of the neighborhood on the number of infected and deceased agents in the artificial population. The increase in the radius of the neighborhood favors the spread of the pandemic. However, for a large range of interactions of exposed agents (who neither have symptoms of the disease nor have been diagnosed by appropriate tests), even isolation of infected agents cannot prevent successful disease propagation. This supports aggressive testing against disease as one of the useful strategies to prevent large peaks of infection in the spread of SARS-CoV-2-like diseases.
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Wołoszyn M, Malarz K. Thermal properties of structurally balanced systems on diluted and densified triangulations. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024301. [PMID: 35291079 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of social relations and the possibility of reaching the state of structural balance (Heider balance) are discussed for various networks of interacting actors under the influence of the temperature modeling the social noise level. For that purpose, two main types of lattices are considered. The first is created by removing some links from a regular triangular lattice to produce a diluted triangular lattice, and the second by adding more links to create an enhanced triangular lattice. In both those cases, the full range of possible graph densities is discussed, limited by the extreme cases of networks which consist of a small number of separated triads and fully connected networks. It is shown that the existence of the balanced state is not possible if the average node degree is too close to the value characterizing the regular triangular lattice. Otherwise, both balanced (or partially balanced) and imbalanced states are possible, depending on the temperature. However, only for graphs which are dense enough a phase transition of the first kind is observed, while less enhanced networks (and all diluted) indicate a smooth crossover between the two states. The crossover temperatures are size independent only for the diluted triangular lattices and depend on the size of the system for the enhanced triangular lattices, as is the case also for the critical temperatures of the phase transition observed in denser enhanced lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wołoszyn
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Burda Z, Krawczyk MJ, Malarz K, Snarska M. Wealth Rheology. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:842. [PMID: 34209058 PMCID: PMC8304818 DOI: 10.3390/e23070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We study wealth rank correlations in a simple model of macroeconomy. To quantify rank correlations between wealth rankings at different times, we use Kendall's τ and Spearman's ρ, Goodman-Kruskal's γ, and the lists' overlap ratio. We show that the dynamics of wealth flow and the speed of reshuffling in the ranking list depend on parameters of the model controlling the wealth exchange rate and the wealth growth volatility. As an example of the rheology of wealth in real data, we analyze the lists of the richest people in Poland, Germany, the USA and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzislaw Burda
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland; (Z.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Malgorzata J. Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland; (Z.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Malarz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland; (Z.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Malgorzata Snarska
- Department of Financial Markets, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, PL-31510 Kraków, Poland;
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Malarz K, Kułakowski K. Comment on "Phase transition in a network model of social balance with Glauber dynamics". Phys Rev E 2021; 103:066301. [PMID: 34271661 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.066301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a recent work [R. Shojaei et al., Phys. Rev. E 100, 022303 (2019)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.100.022303] the authors calculate numerically the critical temperature T_{c} of the balanced-imbalanced phase transition in a fully connected graph. According to their findings, T_{c} decreases with the number of nodes N. Here we calculate the same critical temperature using the heat-bath algorithm. We show that T_{c} increases with N as N^{γ}, with γ close to 0.5 or 1.0. This value depends on the initial fraction of positive bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kułakowski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Malarz K. Percolation thresholds on a triangular lattice for neighborhoods containing sites up to the fifth coordination zone. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052107. [PMID: 34134312 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We determine thresholds p_{c} for random-site percolation on a triangular lattice for all available neighborhoods containing sites from the first to the fifth coordination zones, including their complex combinations. There are 31 distinct neighborhoods. The dependence of the value of the percolation thresholds p_{c} on the coordination number z are tested against various theoretical predictions. The proposed single scalar index ξ=∑_{i}z_{i}r_{i}^{2}/i (depending on the coordination zone number i, the neighborhood coordination number z, and the square distance r^{2} to sites in ith coordination zone from the central site) allows one to differentiate among various neighborhoods and relate p_{c} to ξ. The thresholds roughly follow a power law p_{c}∝ξ^{-γ} with γ≈0.710(19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Malarz K, Wołoszyn M. Expulsion from structurally balanced paradise. Chaos 2020; 30:121103. [PMID: 33380036 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We perform simulations of structural balance evolution on a triangular lattice using the heat-bath algorithm. In contrast to similar approaches-but applied to the analysis of complete graphs-the triangular lattice topology successfully prevents the occurrence of even partial Heider balance. Starting with the state of Heider's paradise, it is just a matter of time when the evolution of the system leads to an unbalanced and disordered state. The time of the system relaxation does not depend on the system size. The lack of any signs of a balanced state was not observed in earlier investigated systems dealing with the structural balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Wołoszyn
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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13
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Malarz K. Site percolation thresholds on triangular lattice with complex neighborhoods. Chaos 2020; 30:123123. [PMID: 33380057 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We determine thresholds pc for random site percolation on a triangular lattice for neighborhoods containing nearest (NN), next-nearest (2NN), next-next-nearest (3NN), next-next-next-nearest (4NN), and next-next-next-next-nearest (5NN) neighbors, and their combinations forming regular hexagons (3NN+2NN+NN, 5NN+4NN+NN, 5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN, and 5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN+NN). We use a fast Monte Carlo algorithm, by Newman and Ziff [Phys. Rev. E 64, 016706 (2001)], for obtaining the dependence of the largest cluster size on occupation probability. The method is combined with a method, by Bastas et al. [Phys. Rev. E 90, 062101 (2014)], for estimating thresholds from low statistics data. The estimated values of percolation thresholds are pc(4NN)=0.192410(43), pc(3NN+2NN)=0.232008(38), pc(5NN+4NN)=0.140286(5), pc(3NN+2NN+NN)=0.215484(19), pc(5NN+4NN+NN)=0.131792(58), pc(5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN)=0.117579(41), and pc(5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN+NN)=0.115847(21). The method is tested on the standard case of site percolation on the triangular lattice, where pc(NN)=pc(2NN)=pc(3NN)=pc(5NN)=12 is recovered with five digits accuracy pc(NN)=0.500029(46) by averaging over one thousand lattice realizations only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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14
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Burda Z, Kotwica M, Malarz K. Ageing of complex networks. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042302. [PMID: 33212717 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many real-world complex networks arise as a result of a competition between growth and rewiring processes. Usually the initial part of the evolution is dominated by growth while the later one rather by rewiring. The initial growth allows the network to reach a certain size while rewiring to optimize its function and topology. As a model example we consider tree networks which first grow in a stochastic process of node attachment and then age in a stochastic process of local topology changes. The ageing is implemented as a Markov process that preserves the node-degree distribution. We quantify differences between the initial and aged network topologies and study the dynamics of the evolution. We implement two versions of the ageing dynamics. One is based on reshuffling of leaves and the other on reshuffling of branches. The latter one generates much faster ageing due to nonlocal nature of changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzislaw Burda
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michalina Kotwica
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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15
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Abstract
We propose an opinion dynamics model based on Latané’s social impact theory. Actors in this model are heterogeneous and, in addition to opinions, are characterised by their varying levels of persuasion and support. The model is tested for two and three initial opinions randomly distributed among actors. We examine how the noise (randomness of behaviour) and the flow of information among actors affect the formation and spread of opinions. Our main research involves the process of opinion formation and finding phases of the system in terms of parameters describing noise and flow of the information for two and three opinions available in the system. The results show that opinion formation and spread are influenced by both (i) flow of information among actors (effective range of interactions among actors) and (ii) noise (randomness in adopting opinions). The noise not only leads to opinions disorder but also it promotes consensus under certain conditions. In disordered phase and when the exchange of information is spatially effectively limited, various faces of disorder are observed, including system states, where the signatures of self-organised criticality manifest themselves as scale-free probability distribution function of cluster sizes. Then increase of noise level leads system to disordered random state. The critical noise level above which histograms of opinion clusters’ sizes loose their scale-free character increases with increase of the easy of information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Dulski M, Dudek K, Podwórny J, Sułowicz S, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Wolnica K, Matus K, Peszke J, Nowak A. Impact of temperature on the physicochemical, structural and biological features of copper-silica nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 107:110274. [PMID: 31761190 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical wet chemical synthesis was used to fabricate a hybrid composite that contained copper nanoparticles (average size ∼1 nm), which were embedded into a silicon oxide carrier. The structural and chemical alternations in the copper-functionalized silica were investigated in systems that were sintered at 573 K, 873 K, 1173 K, and 1473 K. A general trend, which was associated with the transformation of metallic copper with a cubic structure into copper(II) oxide with a monoclinic structure in the heat-treated systems, was found. XPS and FTIR spectroscopies also revealed the presence of copper(I) oxide, which formed a shell around the CuO. SEM and TEM showed gradual densification of the hybrid system at ever higher sintering temperatures, which corresponded with the gradual copper agglomeration. A temperature of 873 K was determined to be the temperature at which amorphous silica was transformed into cristoballite and tridymite, as well as the formation of a bulk-like copper structure. In relation to the physicochemical and structural data, high antimicrobial features that had a relatively low toxicity effect on the normal human fibroblasts (NHDF) below 250 mg/L was found for the initial copper-silica composite and the samples that were sintered at 573 K. In turn, a significant decrease in the biological impact was observed in the samples that were sintered at temperatures above 573 K. As a result, the paper discusses the model of structural modifications in copper-silica nanocomposite concerning their biological impact that was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dulski
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - K Dudek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Podwórny
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - S Sułowicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Z Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Malarz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Wolnica
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Matus
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Peszke
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Nowak
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
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Szopa W, Czekaj P, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Plewka D, Niedbała M, de Mezer M, Kramer-marek G, Kaspera W. Molecular EGFR/PD-L1 profile of glioblastoma: Hints for therapeutic strategies. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz243.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kramer-Marek G, Maczynska J, Raes F, Malarz K, Da Pieve C, de Mezer M, Niedbala M, Harrington K, Kaspera W. Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz243.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dulski M, Peszke J, Włodarczyk J, Sułowicz S, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Dudek K, Podwórny J, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Zubko M, Nowak A. Physicochemical and structural features of heat treated silver-silica nanocomposite and their impact on biological properties. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 103:109790. [PMID: 31349451 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, many nanostructures with varying properties and possible applications have been developed. These materials have been intended to work in various environmental temperature conditions. In this context, the main challenge has been to comprehend the impact of synergic interaction between individual elements included in non-annealed materials in relation to systems subjected to temperature impact. Another problem has corresponded to the impact of thermal modification on organisms such as bacteria and human cells. Such problems can be solved by the fabrication of a nanocomposite with mono-dispersed 8 nm silver (Ag0 or Ag+) embedded into a silica carrier, followed by the analysis of the impact of heat treatment under various temperature conditions on its physicochemical features. Therefore, methodical studies reported in this text have shown an increase of silver particle size up to 170 nm, a decrease of its concentration, as well as the formation of sub-nanometer Ag+ and/or Ag2+ clusters as the temperature rises to 1173 K. In turn, the structurally disordered silica carrier had been entirely transformed to cristobalite and tridymite only at 1473 K as well as partial reduction of Ag2+ to Ag+. Simultaneously, inhibition of growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as an increase in cytotoxicity towards human cells was observed as the temperature rose. As a final point, for the first time, a "pseudo" phase diagram of the structural alterations in the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite has been created, as well as a model of silver-silica transformation to biological systems has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dulski
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - J Peszke
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - J Włodarczyk
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - S Sułowicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Z Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - K Dudek
- Łukasiewicz R&D Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Podwórny
- Łukasiewicz R&D Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - K Malarz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Zubko
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Department of Physics, University of Hradec Králové, 500-03 Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - A Nowak
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Serda M, Ware M, Newton J, Sachdeva S, Malarz K, Musioł R, Corr S, Wilson L, Curley S. PO-515 Novel water-solube [60]fullerene nanotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer treatment. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Peszke J, Dulski M, Nowak A, Balin K, Zubko M, Sułowicz S, Nowak B, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Talik E, Wojtyniak M, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Malarz K, Szade J. Unique properties of silver and copper silica-based nanocomposites as antimicrobial agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reports a new route for the fabrication and determination of physicochemical properties and biological activity, of metallic silica-based nanostructure (Ag/SiO2, Cu/SiO2).
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Malarz K. Simple cubic random-site percolation thresholds for neighborhoods containing fourth-nearest neighbors. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:043301. [PMID: 25974606 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.043301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, random-site percolation thresholds for a simple cubic (SC) lattice with site neighborhoods containing next-next-next-nearest neighbors (4NN) are evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations. A recently proposed algorithm with low sampling for percolation thresholds estimation (Bastas et al., arXiv:1411.5834) is implemented for the studies of the top-bottom wrapping probability. The obtained percolation thresholds are p(C)(4NN)=0.31160(12),p(C)(4NN+NN)=0.15040(12),p(C)(4NN+2NN)=0.15950(12),p(C)(4NN+3NN)=0.20490(12),p(C)(4NN+2NN+NN)=0.11440(12),p(C)(4NN+3NN+NN)=0.11920(12),p(C)(4NN+3NN+2NN)=0.11330(12), and p(C)(4NN+3NN+2NN+NN)=0.10000(12), where 3NN, 2NN, and NN stand for next-next-nearest neighbors, next-nearest neighbors, and nearest neighbors, respectively. As an SC lattice with 4NN neighbors may be mapped onto two independent interpenetrated SC lattices but with a lattice constant that is twice as large, the percolation threshold p(C)(4NN) is exactly equal to p(C)(NN). The simplified method of Bastas et al. allows for uncertainty of the percolation threshold value p(C) to be reached, similar to that obtained with the classical method but ten times faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
The phase diagrams survival-extinction for the Penna model with parameters: (mutations rate)-(birth rate), (mutation rate)-(harmful mutations threshold), (harmful mutation threshold)-(minimal reproduction age) are presented. The extinction phase may be caused by either mutational meltdown or overpopulation. When the Verhulst factor is responsible for removing only newly born babies and does not act on adults the overpopulation is avoided and only genetic factors may lead to species extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland.
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Galam S, Malarz K. Restoring site percolation on damaged square lattices. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:027103. [PMID: 16196753 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.027103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoring site percolation on a damaged square lattice with the nearest neighbor (N2) is investigated using two different strategies. In the first one, a density y of new sites are created on the empty sites with longer range links, either next-nearest neighbor (N3) or next-next-nearest neighbor (N4), but without N2. In the second one, new longer range links N3 or N4 are added to N2 but only for a fraction v of the remaining non-destroyed sites. Starting at p(c)(N2), with a density x of randomly destroyed sites, the values of y(c) and v(c), which restore site percolation, are calculated for both strategies with, respectively, N3 and N4 using Monte Carlo simulations. Results are obtained for the whole range 0 < or = x < or = p(c)(N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Galam
- Centre de Recherche en Epistémologie Appliquée, CNRS UMR 7656, CREA--Ecole Polytechnique, 1 rue Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Abstract
We study field-driven dynamics of spins with antiferromagnetic interactions along the links of a complex substrate geometry, which is modeled by graphs of a controlled connectivity distribution. The magnetization reversal occurs in avalanches of spin flips, which are pinned by the topological constraints of the underlying graph. The hysteresis loop and avalanche sizes are analyzed and classified in terms of the graph's connectivity and clustering. The results are relevant for magnets with a hierarchical spatial inhomogeneity and for design of nanoscale magnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosiljka Tadić
- Department for Theoretical Physics, Jozef Stefan Institute, P.O. Box 3000, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Malarz K, Galam S. Square-lattice site percolation at increasing ranges of neighbor bonds. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 71:016125. [PMID: 15697676 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.016125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report site percolation thresholds for square lattice with neighbor bonds at various increasing ranges. Using Monte Carlo techniques we found that nearest neighbors (NN), next-nearest neighbors (NNN), next-next-nearest neighbors (4N), and fifth-nearest neighbors (6N) yield the same pc = 0.592... . The fourth-nearest neighbors (5N) give pc = 0.298... . This equality is proved to be mathematically exact using symmetry argument. We then consider combinations of various kinds of neighborhoods with (NN+NNN), (NN+4N), (NN+NNN+4N), and (NN+5N). The calculated associated thresholds are respectively pc = 0.407..., 0.337..., 0.288..., and 0.234... . The existing Galam-Mauger universal formula for percolation thresholds does not reproduce the data showing dimension and coordination number are not sufficient to build a universal law which extends to complex lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Malarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland
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