Association between dental scaling and metabolic syndrome and lifestyle

PURPOSE

Periodontal disease is a risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and non-surgical periodontal treatment has been shown to help maintain stable blood sugar in diabetic patients. Determining the level of preventive scaling in patients with metabolic syndrome will help manage the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which people with metabolic syndrome or bad lifestyle performed scaling and the association between preventive scaling and metabolic syndrome or lifestyle in a large population.

METHODS

This study was conducted on adults aged 20 years or older from January 2014 to December 2017 in the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database. Among 558,067 people who underwent health checkups, 555,929 people were included. A total of 543,791 people were investigated for preventive scaling. Metabolic syndrome components were abdominal obesity, lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C, high triglycerides, high blood pressure and hyperglycemia. Unhealthy lifestyle score was calculated by assigning 1 point each for current smokers, drinkers, and no performing regular exercise.

RESULTS

When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age, sex, income, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking and regular exercise, the Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the group with 5 metabolic syndrome components were 0.741 (0.710, 0.773) (p<0.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, income, BMI, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, the OR (95% CI) of the group with unhealthy lifestyle score = 3 was 0.612 (0.586, 0.640) (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The more metabolic syndrome components, and the higher unhealthy lifestyle score, the less scaling was performed.

Investigation of the association between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction in the South Korean population

Objective

This study investigated the relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in South Korean population.

Methods

This study obtained data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample size was 5,567 participants who were ≥ 19 years of age. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and TMD.

Results

Participants who underwent orthodontic treatment showed higher educational level, lower body mass index, reduced chewing difficulty, and reduced speaking difficulty. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for orthodontic treatment and TMD were 1.614 (1.189-2.190), 1.573 (1.162-2.129) and 1.612 (1.182-2.196) after adjusting for age, sex and psychosocial factors. Adjusted ORs and their 95% CIs for orthodontic treatment and clicking were 1.778 (1.289-2.454), 1.742 (1.265-2.400) and 1.770 (1.280-2.449) after adjusting for confounding factors. However, temporomandibular joint pain and functional impairment was not associated with orthodontic treatment.

Conclusions

Temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction was not associated with orthodontic treatment.

Association between sleeping time and temporomandibular disorders in a sample of the South Korean population

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between sleeping time and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).Methods: This study used data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2011. The final sample size consisted of 11,782 adults aged ≥19 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between sleeping time and TMD.Results: The adjusted odds ratios of the TMD group were 1.421 (1.067, 1.892) (Model 1), 1.388 (1.028, 1.873) (Model 2), and 1.360 (1.012, 1.826) (Model 3) for subjects with sleeping time ≤5 hours (p < 0.05) and 1.317 (0.992, 1.748) (Model 1), 1.358 (1.01, 1.827) (Model 2), and 1.352 (0.977, 1.872) (Model 3) for subjects with sleeping time ≥9 hours (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Sleeping time ≤5 hours and ≥9 hours were associated with an increased rate of TMD.

Association between orthodontic treatment and periodontal diseases: Results from a national survey

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association between orthodontic treatment and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of South Korea.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data from the Fifth and Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, VI-1, and VI-2), conducted from 2012 to 2014, were used in this study. The final sample size consisted of 14,693 adults aged ≥19 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between orthodontic treatment and periodontitis.

RESULTS

The orthodontic treatment group exhibited a lower prevalence of periodontitis compared with the nonorthodontic treatment group. The adjusted odds ratios for periodontitis in subjects with a history of orthodontic treatment compared with those with no history of orthodontic treatment were 0.553, 0.614, and 0.624, when adjusted for various confounding variables (P < .0001). The subjects with periodontitis were of higher age, body mass index, waist circumference, and white blood cell counts compared with the subjects without periodontitis regardless of history of orthodontic treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

History of orthodontic treatment was associated with a decreased rate of periodontitis.

Association between temporomandibular disorders and obesity

Psychological stress can induce altered eating patterns, and studies have indicated that there is a correlation between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and psychological stress. This study investigated the relationship between TMD and body mass index (BMI) in a large representative sample of the South Korean population using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Men and women with TMD showed decreased prevalence of abdominal obesity. Women with TMD had lower age, lower BMI, lower metabolic syndromic waist circumference, lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and lower prevalence of diabetes compared with the group without TMD. However, males with TMD didn't show any statistically significant difference between BMI, and metabolic syndromic waist circumference compared with the group without TMD, although there were similar tendencies in the female subject groups. Overall, TMD was associated with decreased BMI and abdominal obesity in women.

Osteogenic potential of adult stem cells from human maxillary sinus membrane by Simvastatin in vitro: preliminary report

Objectives

The objective of this study is to determine the adequate concentration and to evaluate the osteogenic potential of simvastatin in human maxillary sinus membrane-derived stem cells (hSMSC).

Materials and Methods

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human maxillary sinus membrane were treated with various concentrations of simvastatin. The adequate concentration of simvastatin for osteogenic induction was determined using bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2). The efficacy of osteogenic differentiation of simavastatin was verified using osteocalcin mRNA, and the mineralization efficacy of hSMSCs and simvastatin treatment was compared with alkaline phosphatase and von Kossa staining.

Results

Expression of BMP-2 mRNA and protein was observed after three days and was dependent on the concentration of simvastatin. Expression of osteocalcin mRNA was observed after three days in the 1.0 µM simvastatin-treated group. Mineralization was observed after three days in the simvastatin-treated group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that simvastatin induces the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human maxillary sinus membrane mucosa.

Adult stem cells derived from human maxillary sinus membrane and their osteogenic differentiation

PURPOSE

To investigate the method and conditions of isolation and proliferation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human maxillary sinus membrane in vitro and to induce osteogenic differentiation directly for identification.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A human maxillary sinus membrane specimen was collected in aseptic conditions from an orthognathic surgery patient and cultured. The cells at passage three were sorted by flow cytometry and treated with osteogenic differentiation media. To determine the osteogenic potential of these cells, the authors analyzed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, mineralization of extracellular matrix, and osteocalcin expression; staining with alizarin red and von Kossa and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were also performed.

RESULTS

Maxillary sinus membrane-derived cells were positive for STRO-1 and CD105 and negative for CD34. After 7 days, ALP began to be expressed. After 21 and 28 days, most cells showed expression of ALP. Mineralization of the extracellular matrix was observed and, after 21 and 28 days, most of the cells showed mineralization. After 7 days, the osteocalcin gene was expressed; this expression was strongest on the 28th day.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that there are MSCs in human maxillary sinus membrane tissue, which can be differentiated into osteoblasts under osteogenic induction. This indicates that maxillary sinus membrane may be a useful source of MSCs for cell therapy.

Transforming growth factor-α and oral fibroma: immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study

PURPOSE

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is usually expressed in cell lines derived from sarcomas. It is known as a mitogen for fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were any differences in the expression pattern of TGF-alpha between normal oral mucosa and oral fibroma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Fourteen pathologic specimens (6 males and 8 females; 37.2 +/- 23.2 years) and 10 normal oral mucosal specimens (5 females and 5 males; 43.8 +/- 17.7 years) were used for this study. Identification of TGF-alpha was sought by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

RESULTS

The samples from normal oral mucosa did not express TGF-alpha. One sample from oral fibroma did not express TGF-alpha (7.1%). Five samples from oral fibroma expressed TGF-alpha sparsely (35.7%). Eight samples showed diffuse expression of TGF-alpha (57.1%). The immunopositive reaction to TGF-alpha in oral fibroma was localized in the basal layer and the fibroblasts that resided beneath the epithelium. This pattern was also shown in the in situ hybridization study as well.

CONCLUSION

TGF-alpha is expressed in oral fibromas. It suggested that TGF-alpha might play a role in fibroblast proliferation in oral fibromas.

Long-term results of different condylotomy designs for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term results of the condylotomy techniques.

STUDY DESIGN

Twenty-two patients (mean age, 20.8 years; occlusion: Class I in Angle's classification of malocclusion) were studied. All showed Wilkes stage II or early stage III. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), maximum mouth opening (MMO), and the positional change of the condylar segment were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. The difference in each criterion according to the operative techniques was evaluated by means of a 1-way analysis of variance, and the difference between the preoperative value and the value in the long-term follow-up was evaluated by means of a paired t test.

RESULTS

Six patients underwent an extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (EVRO), 6 patients underwent a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and 10 patients underwent an intraoral vertico-sagittal split ramus osteotomy (IVSRO). The preoperative value of the maximum mouth opening (MMO) was 33.0 +/- 8.3 mm, 46.1 +/- 7.0 mm, or 40.0 +/- 7.4 mm for patients undergoing EVRO, IVSRO, or SSRO, respectively. In the long-term follow-up period, the MMO was 49.3 +/- 14.6 mm, 47.3 +/- 3.2 mm, or 48.7 +/- 5.1 mm for patients undergoing EVRO, IVSRO, or SSRO, respectively. There were no differences in the amount of the MMO among the operative techniques (P >.05). The preoperative VAS in the operated-on joints was 3.9 +/- 2.4, 5.0 +/- 1.6, or 4.7 +/- 1.4 for patients undergoing EVRO, IVSRO, or SSRO, respectively. In the long-term follow-up period, it was 1.4 +/- 2.2, 2.5 plus minus 2.0, or 3.7 +/- 1.7 for patients undergoing EVRO, IVSRO, or SSRO, respectively. There were no differences in the VAS among the operative techniques (P >.05). When each measurement preoperation was compared with the long-term follow-up, the difference was statistically significant (P =.018 in the MMO, P =.004 in the VAS).

CONCLUSION

The curative effect of a condylotomy on the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint was acceptable in the long-term follow-up, but the osteotomy procedure used may be only a minor contributing factor to the long-term results.