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Magnusdottir OK, Landberg R, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Akesson B, Landin-Olsson M, Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U. Plasma alkylresorcinols C17:0/C21:0 ratio, a biomarker of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated to insulin sensitivity: a randomized study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:453-8. [PMID: 24549027 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Few studies have used biomarkers of whole-grain intake to study its relation to glucose metabolism. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker of whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and glucose metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were 30-65 years of age, with body mass index 27-40 kg/m(2) and had MetS without diabetes. Individuals were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomized to a healthy Nordic diet (ND, n=96), rich in whole-grain rye and wheat, or a control diet (n=70), for 18-24 weeks. In addition, associations between total plasma AR concentration and C17:0/C21:0 homolog ratio as an indication of the relative whole-grain rye intake, and glucose metabolism measures from oral glucose tolerance tests were investigated in pooled (ND+control) regression analyses at 18/24 weeks. RESULTS ND did not improve glucose metabolism compared with control diet, but the AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations (P=0.002) and positively associated with the insulin sensitivity indices Matsuda ISI (P=0.026) and disposition index (P=0.022) in pooled analyses at 18/24 weeks, even after adjustment for confounders. The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was not significantly associated with insulin secretion indices. Total plasma AR concentration was not related to fasting plasma glucose or fasting insulin at 18/24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio, an indicator of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated with increased insulin sensitivity in a population with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Magnusdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - R Landberg
- 1] Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Gunnarsdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - L Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Akesson
- 1] Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden [2] Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Landin-Olsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Iggman
- 1] Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - U Schwab
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K-H Herzig
- 1] Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, Institute of Biomedicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland [2] Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M J Savolainen
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland [2] Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Kolehmainen
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Poutanen
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Uusitupa
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Thorsdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - U Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Brader L, Uusitupa M, Dragsted LO, Hermansen K. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on ambulatory blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: a randomized SYSDIET sub-study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 68:57-63. [PMID: 24129358 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dietary pattern is central in the prevention of hypertension and blood pressure (BP)-related diseases. A diet based on healthy Nordic foods may have a favourable impact on BP. The objective was to clarify whether a Nordic alternative for a healthy food pattern would have beneficial effects on ambulatory BP in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS In total, 37 subjects were randomized to either a healthy Nordic diet or a control diet. A healthy Nordic diet embraced whole grains, rapeseed oil, berries, fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts and low-fat dairy products of Nordic origin. The mean nutrient intake in the Nordic countries formed the control diet, embracing wheat products, dairy fat-based spread and a lower intake of fruits, vegetables and fish. Diets were isoenergetic. Ambulatory BP was monitored and 24-h urine was collected before and after 12 weeks of intervention. RESULTS After 12 weeks, ambulatory diastolic BP (-4.4 mm Hg; P=0.001) and mean arterial pressure (-4.2 mm Hg; P=0.006) were lowered by the healthy Nordic diet compared with the control diet, whereas changes in ambulatory systolic BP did not differ significantly between diets (-3.5 mm Hg; P=0.122). Heart rate tended to be lower in those on the healthy Nordic diet (P=0.057). Urinary sodium and potassium excretions were unaffected by diets and consequently not associated with the healthy Nordic diet-induced lowering of BP. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of Nordic varieties of health-enhancing foods for 12 weeks decreased diastolic ambulatory BP and mean arterial pressure in subjects with features of MetS during weight-stable condition, suggesting beneficial effects of a healthy Nordic dietary pattern on ambulatory BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, and Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L O Dragsted
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Brader L, Mortensen LS, Cloetens L, Johansson-Persson A, Onning G, Landin-Olsson M, Herzig KH, Hukkanen J, Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Paananen J, Pulkki KJ, Siloaho M, Dragsted L, Barri T, Overvad K, Bach Knudsen KE, Hedemann MS, Arner P, Dahlman I, Borge GIA, Baardseth P, Ulven SM, Gunnarsdottir I, Jónsdóttir S, Thorsdottir I, Orešič M, Poutanen KS, Risérus U, Akesson B. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome -- a randomized study (SYSDIET). J Intern Med 2013; 274:52-66. [PMID: 23398528 PMCID: PMC3749468 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome. METHODS We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24 weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55 years, BMI 31.6 kg m(-2) , 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. RESULTS Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmol L(-1) 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P = 0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P = 0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37 ng L(-1) , P = 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P = 0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P = 0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra. CONCLUSIONS Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Brader L, Holm L, Mortensen L, Thomsen C, Astrup A, Holst JJ, de Vrese M, Schrezenmeir J, Hermansen K. Acute effects of casein on postprandial lipemia and incretin responses in type 2 diabetic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:101-109. [PMID: 19473824 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exaggerated and prolonged postprandial lipemia is potentially atherogenic and associated with type 2 diabetes. Limited data exist regarding the influence of dietary protein on postprandial lipemia in type 2 diabetes. We investigated, over 8-h, the acute effects of casein alone or in combination with carbohydrate on postprandial lipid and incretin responses to a fat-rich meal in type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven type 2 diabetic subjects ingested four test meals in random order: an energy-free soup plus 80 g of fat (control-meal); control-meal plus 45 g carbohydrates (CHO-meal); control-meal plus 45 g of casein (PRO-meal); and PRO-meal plus 45 g carbohydrates (CHO+PRO-meal). Triglyceride and retinyl palmitate responses were measured in plasma and in a chylomicron-rich and chylomicron-poor fraction. We found no significant differences in triglyceride responses to PRO- and CHO+PRO-meal compared to the control-meal. However, the addition of casein to the CHO-meal reduced the raised triglyceride response in the chylomicron-rich fraction. Retinyl palmitate responses did not differ significantly between meals in the chylomicron-rich fraction, whereas the PRO-meal increased retinyl palmitate in the chylomicron-poor fraction. PRO- and PRO+CHO-meal increased insulin and glucagon compared to the control-meal. PRO+CHO-meal increased the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide response while no change in glucagon-like peptide-1 responses was detected. CONCLUSIONS The data presented suggest that casein per se did not modulate the postprandial triglyceride response in type 2 diabetes. When added to carbohydrate, casein suppressed the triglyceride response in the chylomicron-rich fraction, increased insulin and glucagon but did not affect the incretin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Denmark
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van Ommen B, Adang AE, Brader L, Posthumus MA, Müller F, van Bladeren PJ. The microsomal metabolism of hexachlorobenzene. Origin of the covalent binding to protein. Biochem Pharmacol 1986; 35:3233-8. [PMID: 3768018 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(86)90417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The microsomal metabolism of hexachlorobenzene is studied, with special attention to the covalent binding to protein. The metabolites formed are pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorohydroquinone. In addition, a considerable amount of covalent binding to protein is detected (250 pmoles pentachlorophenol, 17 pmoles tetrachlorohydroquinone and 11 pmoles covalent binding in an incubation containing 50 mumoles of hexachlorobenzene). In order to establish the potential role of reductive dechlorination in the covalent binding, the anaerobic metabolism of hexachlorobenzene was investigated. At low oxygen concentrations no pentachlorobenzene was detected, and only very small amounts of pentachlorophenol as well as covalent binding, indicating a relationship between covalent binding and the microsomal oxidation of hexachlorobenzene. Incubations with 14C-pentachlorophenol at low concentrations showed that a conversion-dependent covalent binding occurs to the extent of 75 pmole binding per nmole pentachlorophenol. This is almost enough to account for the amount of label bound to protein observed in hexachlorobenzene incubations. This indicates that less than 10% of the covalent binding occurs during conversion of hexachlorobenzene to pentachlorophenol, and the remainder is produced during conversion of hexachlorobenzene to pentachlorophenol, and the remainder is produced during conversion of pentachlorophenol. The major product of microsomal oxidation of pentachlorophenol is tetrachlorohydroquinone, which is in redox-equilibrium with the corresponding semiquinone and quinone (chloranil). The covalent binding is inhibited by addition of ascorbic acid or glutathione to the hexachlorobenzene incubations. Ascorbic acid decreases the covalent binding with a simultaneous increase in formation of tetrachlorohydroquinone, probably due to a shift in the redox-equilibrium to the reduced side. Glutathione does not act as a reducing agent, since the inhibition of covalent binding is not accompanied by an increase in tetrachlorohydroquinone formation. Instead, glutathione reacts with chloranil, producing at least three stable products, probably in a Michael-type reaction. These results strongly indicate the involvement of chloranil or the semiquinone radical in the covalent binding during microsomal hexachlorobenzene metabolism.
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