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Koenders L, Lorenzetti V, de Haan L, Suo C, Vingerhoets WAM, van den Brink W, Wiers RW, Meijer CJ, Machielsen MWJ, Goudriaan AE, Veltman DJ, Yücel M, Cousijn J. Longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in heavy cannabis users. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:1027-1034. [PMID: 28741422 PMCID: PMC5544121 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117718380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis exposure, particularly heavy cannabis use, has been associated with neuroanatomical alterations in regions rich with cannabinoid receptors such as the hippocampus in some but not in other (mainly cross-sectional) studies. However, it remains unclear whether continued heavy cannabis use alters hippocampal volume, and whether an earlier age of onset and/or a higher dosage exacerbate these changes. METHODS Twenty heavy cannabis users (mean age 21 years, range 18-24 years) and 23 matched non-cannabis using healthy controls were submitted to a comprehensive psychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scan at baseline and at follow-up (average of 39 months post-baseline; standard deviation=2.4). Cannabis users started smoking around 16 years and smoked on average five days per week. A novel aspect of the current study is that hippocampal volume estimates were obtained from manual tracing the hippocampus on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans, using a previously validated protocol. RESULTS Compared to controls, cannabis users did not show hippocampal volume alterations at either baseline or follow-up. Hippocampal volumes increased over time in both cannabis users and controls, following similar trajectories of increase. Cannabis dose and age of onset of cannabis use did not affect hippocampal volumes. CONCLUSIONS Continued heavy cannabis use did not affect hippocampal neuroanatomical changes in early adulthood. This contrasts with prior evidence on alterations in this region in samples of older adult cannabis users. In young adults using cannabis at this level, cannabis use may not be heavy enough to affect hippocampal neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Koenders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Laura Koenders, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - V Lorenzetti
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Suo
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - WAM Vingerhoets
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - RW Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - CJ Meijer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - MWJ Machielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - AE Goudriaan
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - DJ Veltman
- VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash University, Clayton, Australia,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Cousijn
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van Erp TGM, Hibar DP, Rasmussen JM, Glahn DC, Pearlson GD, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Haukvik UK, Dale AM, Melle I, Hartberg CB, Gruber O, Kraemer B, Zilles D, Donohoe G, Kelly S, McDonald C, Morris DW, Cannon DM, Corvin A, Machielsen MWJ, Koenders L, de Haan L, Veltman DJ, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Gur RE, Potkin SG, Mathalon DH, Mueller BA, Preda A, Macciardi F, Ehrlich S, Walton E, Hass J, Calhoun VD, Bockholt HJ, Sponheim SR, Shoemaker JM, van Haren NEM, Pol HEH, Ophoff RA, Kahn RS, Roiz-Santiañez R, Crespo-Facorro B, Wang L, Alpert KI, Jönsson EG, Dimitrova R, Bois C, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM, Hashimoto R, Thompson PM, Turner JA. Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:547-53. [PMID: 26033243 PMCID: PMC4668237 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The profile of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia is still not fully understood, despite decades of research using brain scans. To validate a prospective meta-analysis approach to analyzing multicenter neuroimaging data, we analyzed brain MRI scans from 2028 schizophrenia patients and 2540 healthy controls, assessed with standardized methods at 15 centers worldwide. We identified subcortical brain volumes that differentiated patients from controls, and ranked them according to their effect sizes. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.46), amygdala (d=-0.31), thalamus (d=-0.31), accumbens (d=-0.25) and intracranial volumes (d=-0.12), as well as larger pallidum (d=0.21) and lateral ventricle volumes (d=0.37). Putamen and pallidum volume augmentations were positively associated with duration of illness and hippocampal deficits scaled with the proportion of unmedicated patients. Worldwide cooperative analyses of brain imaging data support a profile of subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, which is consistent with that based on traditional meta-analytic approaches. This first ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group study validates that collaborative data analyses can readily be used across brain phenotypes and disorders and encourages analysis and data sharing efforts to further our understanding of severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J M Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dale
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - I Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C B Hartberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Kraemer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Zilles
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M W J Machielsen
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Koenders
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L de Haan
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Veltman
- University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - E Walton
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Hass
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - V D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - H J Bockholt
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, LLC, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Healthcare System & Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | | | - N E M van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H E H Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - K I Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - E G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Dimitrova
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Bois
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J A Turner
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Vingerhoets WAM, Koenders L, van den Brink W, Wiers RW, Goudriaan AE, van Amelsvoort T, de Haan L, Cousijn J. Cue-induced striatal activity in frequent cannabis users independently predicts cannabis problem severity three years later. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:152-8. [PMID: 26645206 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115620436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug worldwide, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying continued cannabis use. Cue-reactivity (the physical, psychological, behavioural and neural reaction to substance-related cues) might be related to continued cannabis use. In this 3-year prospective neuroimaging study we investigated whether cannabis cue-induced brain activity predicted continued cannabis use and associated problem severity 3 years later. In addition, baseline brain activations were compared between dependent and non-dependent cannabis users at follow-up. Analyses were focussed on brain areas known to be important in cannabis cue-reactivity: anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, amygdala and striatum. At baseline, 31 treatment-naive frequent cannabis users performed a cue-reactivity functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Of these participants, 23 completed the 3-year follow-up. None of the cue-induced region of interest activations predicted the amount of cannabis use at follow-up. However, cue-induced activation in the left striatum (putamen) significantly and independently predicted problem severity at follow-up (p < 0.001) as assessed with the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test. Also, clinically dependent cannabis users at follow-up showed higher baseline activation at trend level in the left striatum compared with non-dependent users. This indicates that neural cue-reactivity in the dorsal striatum is an independent predictor of cannabis use-related problems. Given the relatively small sample size, these results are preliminary and should be replicated in larger samples of cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A M Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Koenders
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R W Wiers
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Cousijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Developmental and Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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