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Dong W, Xiu CF, Liu CY, Wu WN, Huang LZ, Wang HY, Zhang HP. Smart Sensing Supramolecular Coordination Polymer Based on New Viologen Ligand Exhibiting Multiple Solid Detection and Inducing Apoptosis Properties. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Meng QY, Huang LZ, Wang B, Li XX, Liang JH. [Application of gene capture technology on mutation screening of RB1 gene in retinoblastoma patients]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2017; 53:455-459. [PMID: 28606269 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze RB1 gene mutation in retinoblastoma (RB) patients using gene capture technology. Methods: Experimental research. The clinical data of 17 RB patients were collected at Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital from June 2010 to Jun 2014. Peripheral blood samples of seventeen RB patients and their parents were collected and genomic DNA were extracted. DNA library from RB patients was mixed with designed gene capture probe of RB1 exons and its flanking sequences. The data were analyzed using bioinformatics software. To avoid the false positive, the abnormal sites were verified using the Sanger sequencing method. Results: Totally, there were 17 RB patients, including 12 males and 5 females, from 0.5 to 23 years old, average ages were (3.2±5.2) years old. Both eyes were involved in 6 patients. The other 11 cases were only one eye was attacked. Four RB patients were found to have germline mutations, among whom 2 had bilateral tumors and 2 had unilateral tumors. 2 novel missense mutations were identified, including 15(th) exon c.1408A>T (p. Ile470Phe) and c.1960G>C (p. Val654Leu) at 19(th) exon. No RB1 mutation was identified in any of their parents. We also identified 2 mutations reported previously. One is c.1030C>T termination mutation at 10(th) exon in a bilateral RB patients and his father, who was diagnosed with unilateral RB. The other is c.371-372delTA frame shift mutation at 3(rd) exon. No mutation was found in their parents. Conclusions: Two novel germline RB1 mutations were found using gene capture technology, which enriched RB1 mutations library.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 455-459).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Meng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases , Beijing 100044 , China
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Cheng Y, Li MW, Li HP, Zeng WT, Zhou P, Huang LZ, Li XX, Sun YY. Toll-like receptor 3 polymorphism is not associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the Chinese. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:302-9. [PMID: 24535857 DOI: 10.4238/2014.january.17.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) variants in mainland northern Chinese patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) were investigated. The complete genes of TLR3, including all exons and the promoter region, were assessed using direct sequencing technology of 284 unrelated mainland northern Chinese individuals: 96 nAMD patients, 92 PCV patients, and 96 controls. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified: rs5743303, rs5743305, rs5743312, rs3775291, rs3775290, and rs6830345. The distribution of TLR3 genotypes for nAMD and PCV was not significantly different compared with normal controls. This study indicates that the TLR3 gene polymorphism is not associated with nAMD and PCV in northern Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - M W Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - H P Li
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Peking University Eye Center, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - W T Zeng
- Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing, China
| | - P Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Z Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - X X Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Y Y Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Xu Q, Chen SY, Deng LD, Feng LP, Huang LZ, Yu RR. Antioxidant effect of mogrosides against oxidative stress induced by palmitic acid in mouse insulinoma NIT-1 cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:949-955. [PMID: 24270904 PMCID: PMC3854338 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress in pancreatic β cells, caused by glucose and fatty acids,
is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Mogrosides have shown
antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in animal models of diabetes, but the
underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study evaluated the antioxidant effect of
mogrosides on insulinoma cells under oxidative stress caused by palmitic acid, and
investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mouse insulinoma NIT-1 cells were
cultured in medium containing 0.75 mM palmitic acid, mimicking oxidative stress. The
effects of 1 mM mogrosides were determined with the dichlorodihydrofluorescein
diacetate assay for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and FITC-Annexin V/PI
assay for cell apoptosis. Expression of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and pyruvate
kinase was determined by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain
reaction. Palmitic acid significantly increased intracellular ROS concentration
2-fold (P<0.05), and decreased expression of GLUT2 (by 60%, P<0.05) and
pyruvate kinase (by 80%, P<0.05) mRNAs in NIT-1 cells. Compared with palmitic
acid, co-treatment with 1 mM mogrosides for 48 h significantly reduced intracellular
ROS concentration and restored mRNA expression levels of GLUT2 and pyruvate kinase.
However, mogrosides did not reverse palmitic acid-induced apoptosis in NIT-1 cells.
Our results indicate that mogrosides might exert their antioxidant effect by reducing
intracellular ROS and regulating expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism.
Further research is needed to achieve a better understanding of the signaling pathway
involved in the antioxidant effect of mogrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Xu
- Guilin Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, Guilin, China
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Garza A, Huang LZ, Son JH, Winzer-Serhan UH. Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and subunit messenger RNAs in the enteric nervous system of the neonatal rat. Neuroscience 2008; 158:1521-9. [PMID: 19095047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the enteric nervous system (ENS) excitatory nicotinic cholinergic transmission is mediated by neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and is critical for the regulation of gastric motility. nAChRs are ligand-gated pentameric ion channels found in the CNS and peripheral nervous system. The expression of heteromeric nAChR and receptor subunit mRNAs was investigated in the neonatal rat ENS using receptor autoradiography with the radiolabeled ligand (125)I-epibatidine, and in situ hybridization with subtype specific probes for ligand binding alpha (alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6) and structural beta (beta2, beta3, beta4) subunits. The results showed strong nicotine sensitive binding of (125)I-epibatidine around the stomach, and small and large intestines. The binding was partially displaced by A85380, a nicotinic ligand which differentiates between different heteromeric nAChR subtypes, suggesting a mixed receptor population. Radioactive in situ hybridization detected expression of alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 mRNA in the myenteric plexus of the stomach, and small and large intestines. In the submucosal plexus of the small and large intestines expression of alpha3, alpha5 and beta4 was found in some ganglia. There was no signal for alpha4, alpha6 and beta3 in the ENS but positive hybridization signal for alpha2 transcripts was seen in some areas of the small intestines. However, the signal was not associated with any ganglion cells. The results confirm the presence of heteromeric nAChRs in the ENS similar to those found in the peripheral nervous system, with the majority being composed of alpha3(alpha5)beta4, and a few alpha3beta2 nAChRs. In addition, homomeric alpha7 nAChRs could be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garza
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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Schmitt HF, Huang LZ, Son JH, Pinzon-Guzman C, Slaton GS, Winzer-Serhan UH. Acute nicotine activates c-fos and activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein mRNA expression in limbic brain areas involved in the central stress-response in rat pups during a period of hypo-responsiveness to stress. Neuroscience 2008; 157:349-59. [PMID: 18848603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In adult rats, acute nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke, stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), resulting in activation of brain areas involved in stress and anxiety-linked behavior. However, in rat pups the first two postnatal weeks are characterized by hypo-responsiveness to stress, also called the 'stress non-responsive period' (SNRP). Therefore, we wanted to address the question if acute nicotine stimulates areas involved in the stress response during SNRP. To determine neuronal activation, the expression of the immediate-early genes c-fos and activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein (Arc) was studied in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), bed nucleus stria terminalis (BST) and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), which are areas involved in the neuroendocrine and central stress response. Rat pups received nicotine tartrate (2 mg/kg) or saline by i.p. injection at postnatal days (P) 5, 7 and 10 and their brains were removed after 30 min. We used semi-quantitative radioactive in situ hybridization with gene specific antisense cRNA probes in coronal sections. In control pups, c-fos expression was low in most brain regions, but robust Arc hybridization was found in several areas including cingulate cortex, hippocampus and caudate. Acute nicotine resulted in significant induction of c-fos expression in the PVN and CeA at P5, P7 and P10, and in the BST at P7 and P10. Acute nicotine significantly induced expression of Arc in CeA at P5, P7 and P10, and in the BST at P10. In conclusion, acute nicotine age dependently activated different brain areas of the HPA axis during the SNRP. After P7, the response was more pronounced and included the BST, suggesting differential maturation of the HPA axis in response to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Schmitt
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, TX A&M University System, 203 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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Huang LZ, Abbott LC, Winzer-Serhan UH. Effects of chronic neonatal nicotine exposure on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding, cell death and morphology in hippocampus and cerebellum. Neuroscience 2007; 146:1854-68. [PMID: 17434679 PMCID: PMC2001269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), is believed to have neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. Neurotoxicity has been attributed to activation of homomeric alpha7 nAChRs, neuroprotection to heteromeric alpha4beta2 nAChRs. Thus, developmental nicotine could have opposite effects in different brain regions, depending on nAChR subtype expression. Here, we determined if chronic neonatal nicotine exposure (CNN), during a period of brain growth corresponding to the third human trimester, differentially regulates nAChR expression, cell death, and morphological properties in hippocampus and cerebellum, two structures maturing postnatally. Rat pups were orally treated with 6 mg/kg/day nicotine from postnatal day (P)1 to P7. On P8, expression for alpha4, alpha7 and beta2 mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization; nAChR binding sites by receptor autoradiography, dying neurons by TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade staining and morphological properties by analysis of Cresyl Violet-stained sections. In control cerebellum, strong expression of alpha4, beta2 mRNA and heteromeric nAChRs labeled with [125I]-epibatidine was found in granule cells, and alpha7 mRNA and homomeric nAChRs labeled with [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin were in the external germinal layer. In control hippocampus, low expression of alpha4 mRNA and heteromeric nAChRs and high expression of alpha7 mRNA and homomeric nAChRs were detected. CNN increased heteromeric nAChR binding in hippocampus but not cerebellum and significantly decreased neuronal soma size and increased packing density in hippocampal principal cells but not in cerebellum. CNN did not increase the number of dying cells in any area, but significantly fewer TUNEL-labeled cells were found in CA3 strata oriens and radiatum and cerebellar granule layer. Thus, the hippocampus seems to be more sensitive than the cerebellum to CNN which could result from different nAChR subtype expression and might explain long-lasting altered cognitive functions correlated with gestational nicotine exposure due to changes in hippocampal cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System, 369 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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Abstract
Maternal smoking results in low birth weight. Using a neonatal gastric intubation model corresponding to the third trimester in humans, nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, causes growth retardation in rat pups. Here, we wanted to determine the underlying mechanisms of nicotine's anorexic effects. In adults, body weight and energy expenditure are regulated by the adiposity hormone leptin and the orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexic peptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate (Arc) nucleus. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) could regulate leptin release and/or peptide expression in the Arc. Neonatal rat pups were treated twice daily with nicotine (0.25, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg) from postnatal day 1 to 8 (P1-8). This resulted in an upregulation of heteromeric nAChR binding sites in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and Arc. Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4beta2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected. In contrast, serum leptin levels were significantly increased only by 3 and 1.5 mg/kg, and the increase was only partially blocked by DHbetaE. These data suggest that in neonates chronic nicotine regulates body weight gain independent from serum leptin levels by a central mechanism involving alpha4beta2* heteromeric nAChRs and stimulated increased expression of the anorexic peptide POMC. Whereas, increased NPY and AgRP expression could be a secondary response to reduction in weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University System, Health Sciences Center, Texas 77843-1114, USA
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Huang LZ, Winzer-Serhan UH. Chronic neonatal nicotine upregulates heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding without change in subunit mRNA expression. Brain Res 2006; 1113:94-109. [PMID: 16942759 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy chronically exposes the fetus to nicotine resulting in long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits. Nicotine binds to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), pentameric ligand-gated ion channels widely expressed in the nervous system. Chronic nicotine upregulates high-affinity nAChRs in animals and smokers. Here we determined if chronic nicotine treatment during a developmental period corresponding to the human third trimester regulates nAChR expression. Rat pups were intubated orally three times per day with or without nicotine (6 mg/kg/day) from postnatal day 1 to 8. Subunit mRNA expression was assessed by in situ hybridization. Expression of heteromeric and homomeric nAChR receptor was evaluated by autoradiography using (125)I-epibatidine and (125)I-alphabungarotoxin, respectively. nAChR expression was analyzed in cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and medial habenula from autoradiograms using computer assisted image analysis. Nicotine induced significant upregulation of heteromeric but not homomeric nAChRs in hippocampus, cortex and thalamus without changes in subunit mRNA expression. No effect of chronic nicotine on receptor expression was detected in the medial habenula, suggesting that nicotine's effect was mainly on alpha4beta2-type heteromeric nAChRs. The nicotine-induced upregulation was reversed after nicotine withdrawal. Receptor blockade by DHbetaE, an antagonist for heteromeric alpha4/beta2 nAChRs, did not prevent upregulation but increased expression to a similar degree as nicotine. Combination of both drugs had a cumulative effect. Thus, although transient, intermittent nicotine exposure as seen in smoking mothers is sufficient to upregulate heteromeric nAChRs during a critical period of brain development and could contribute to the behavioral deficits found in children whose mother smoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System, Health Sciences Center, 369 Reynolds Medical Bldg., College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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Shi TH, Yu LF, Huang LZ, Ma XH, Zhu QH. A pilot study on the changes of event‐related potentials in school‐aged children with iron deficiency anaemia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002; 8:91-5. [PMID: 24393791 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.1999.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TH Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - LF Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - LZ Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - XH Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - QH Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030, China
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Du XZ, Huang LZ, Wang EG, Zhang BX, Luo W. [Influence of cleftpalate on middle ear conduction and eustachian function]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:303-4. [PMID: 12563880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influence and its degree of cleftpalate on middle ear conduction and eustachian function. METHOD 41 cleftpalate patients (82 ears) were performed with otopharyngeal examinations, form of the ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae observations and acoustic impedance measurements. The results were compared with healthy persons of normal hearing. RESULT In the cases with cleftpalate, tympanic membrane pathological change incidence was 89.0% (73/82), ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae of cracked shape was 59.5% (25/42), abnormal tympanogram was 83.1% (64/77), the negative rate of stapedius muscle reflex was 84.4% (65/77). There are significant different in comparison with healthy persons. In synthetic analyses, the rate of secretory otitis media with varied degree in the cleftpalate cases was 74.0% (57/77). CONCLUSION There was a high incidence of middle ear pathological change and secretory otitis media in the cleftpalate patients. This high incidence was due to susceptivity of the nasopharynx on the infection, weak strength of the dilator tubae eustachii and the deformed shape of the ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, PLA Hospital No. 414, Nanjing 210015
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Yang H, Huang LZ. [Calcium and chronic diseases]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1999; 30:123-8. [PMID: 12532804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium plays a role in physiological functions in our body. Many diseases are associated with physiological dysfunction caused by abnormal calcium homeostasis. In this review, we discussed the relationships between calcium and some common chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Here we put emphasis on hypertension and atherosclerosis, tumor, osteoporosis and osseous hyperostosis. The most appropriate daily calcium intake and adverse effects of high-calcium diets are also mentioned in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030
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Huang TC, Huang LZ, Ho CT. Mechanistic Studies on Thiazolidine Formation in Aldehyde/Cysteamine Model Systems. J Agric Food Chem 1998; 46:224-227. [PMID: 10554223 DOI: 10.1021/jf9705633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation of a thiazolidine in aldehyde/cysteamine model systems. Buffer dramatically promotes thiazolidine formation from formaldehyde and cysteamine. Phosphate tends to stabilize the primary carbocation formed, and this may lead to completion of the cyclization by attack of the amino nitrogen on the activated carbon. Protic solvent, by removing the water molecule, further enhances thiazolidine formation. Redox reaction catalyzed by phosphate ions results in the conversion of thiazolidine to the corresponding thiazoline through hydride transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- TC Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 912 Pingtung, Taiwan, and Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
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Huang LZ. [A preliminary exploration for bioelectric potential of dental caries]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1993; 28:297-9. [PMID: 8194422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 20 single-rooted teeth that had been scheduled for extraction were investigated. The electronic root canal lengths were measured in vivo with a Dental Sono-Explorer type Y-III, and the actual canal lengths were measured after extraction of the teeth. The rate of agreement of the two measurements was 77.5% within a range of +/- 0.5 mm, while it was 100% at +/- 2.0 mm, which is acceptable clinically. In the second part, there were 19 simulated canals whose lengths and apical foramen sizes were known beforehand. Experiments revealed a negative correlation between the areas of the apical foramina and the difference between the electronic and the actual root canal lengths. This relationship was shown by the linear regression equation: ŷ = 0.6-1.6x. With the exception of the smallest areas of foramina, electronic root canal length measurements were less than the actual lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Wu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
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Huang LZ. [Electronic root canal measurement and its principle]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1988; 23:297-300. [PMID: 3234144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Huang LZ, Zhang DY, Wang CY. [Synthesis of higenamine (author's transl)]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1981; 16:931-933. [PMID: 6122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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