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Gurjanov A, Vieira-Vieira C, Vienenkoetter J, Vaas LAI, Steger-Hartmann T. Replacing concurrent controls with virtual control groups in rat toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 148:105592. [PMID: 38401762 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Virtual control groups (VCGs) in nonclinical toxicity represent the concept of using appropriate historical control data for replacing concurrent control group animals. Historical control data collected from standardized studies can serve as base for constructing VCGs and legacy study reports can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the VCG performance. Replacing concurrent controls of legacy studies with VCGs should ideally reproduce the results of these studies. Based on three four-week rat oral toxicity legacy studies with varying degrees of toxicity findings we developed a concept to evaluate VCG performance on different levels: the ability of VCGs to (i) reproduce statistically significant deviations from the concurrent control, (ii) reproduce test substance-related effects, and (iii) reproduce the conclusion of the toxicity study in terms of threshold dose, target organs, toxicological biomarkers (clinical pathology) and reversibility. Although VCGs have shown a low to moderate ability to reproduce statistical results, the general study conclusions remained unchanged. Our results provide a first indication that carefully selected historical control data can be used to replace concurrent control without impairing the general study conclusion. Additionally, the developed procedures and workflows lay the foundation for the future validation of virtual controls for a use in regulatory toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gurjanov
- Bayer Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Investigative Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carlos Vieira-Vieira
- Bayer Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Investigative Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Vienenkoetter
- Bayer Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- Bayer Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Pre-Clinical Statistics Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Steger-Hartmann
- Bayer Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Investigative Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Stürner KH, Stellmann JP, Dörr J, Paul F, Friede T, Schammler S, Reinhardt S, Gellissen S, Weissflog G, Faizy TD, Werz O, Fleischer S, Vaas LAI, Herrmann F, Pless O, Martin R, Heesen C. A standardised frankincense extract reduces disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (the SABA phase IIa trial). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:330-338. [PMID: 29248894 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether oral administration of a standardised frankincense extract (SFE) is safe and reduces disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS We performed an investigator-initiated, bicentric phase IIa, open-label, baseline-to-treatment pilot study with an oral SFE in patients with RRMS (NCT01450124). After a 4-month baseline observation phase, patients were treated for 8 months with an option to extend treatment for up to 36 months. The primary outcome measures were the number and volume of contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) measured in MRI during the 4-month treatment period compared with the 4-month baseline period. Eighty patients were screened at two centres, 38 patients were included in the trial, 28 completed the 8-month treatment period and 18 of these participated in the extension period. RESULTS The SFE significantly reduced the median number of monthly CELs from 1.00 (IQR 0.75-3.38) to 0.50 (IQR 0.00-1.13; difference -0.625, 95% CI -1.25 to -0.50; P<0.0001) at months 5-8. We observed significantly less brain atrophy as assessed by parenchymal brain volume change (P=0.0081). Adverse events were generally mild (57.7%) or moderate (38.6%) and comprised mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and minor infections. Mechanistic studies showed a significant increase in regulatory CD4+ T cell markers and a significant decrease in interleukin-17A-producing CD8+ T cells indicating a distinct mechanism of action of the study drug. INTERPRETATION The oral SFE was safe, tolerated well and exhibited beneficial effects on RRMS disease activity warranting further investigation in a controlled phase IIb or III trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01450124; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klarissa Hanja Stürner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Stellmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dörr
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Schammler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Reinhardt
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Gellissen
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gainet Weissflog
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Djamsched Faizy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Fleischer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME Screening Port, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland, Germany
| | - Christoph Heesen
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Gharaie S, Vaas LAI, Rosberg AK, Windstam ST, Karlsson ME, Bergstrand KJ, Khalil S, Wohanka W, Alsanius BW. Light spectrum modifies the utilization pattern of energy sources in Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189862. [PMID: 29267321 PMCID: PMC5739431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the overruling impact of light in the phyllosphere, little is known regarding the influence of light spectra on non-phototrophic bacteria colonizing the leaf surface. We developed an in vitro method to study phenotypic profile responses of bacterial pure cultures to different bands of the visible light spectrum using monochromatic (blue: 460 nm; red: 660 nm) and polychromatic (white: 350–990 nm) LEDs, by modification and optimization of a protocol for the Phenotype MicroArray™ technique (Biolog Inc., CA, USA). The new protocol revealed high reproducibility of substrate utilization under all conditions tested. Challenging the non-phototrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. DR 5–09 with white, blue, and red light demonstrated that all light treatments affected the respiratory profile differently, with blue LED having the most decisive impact on substrate utilization by impairing respiration of 140 substrates. The respiratory activity was decreased on 23 and 42 substrates under red and white LEDs, respectively, while utilization of one, 16, and 20 substrates increased in the presence of red, blue, and white LEDs, respectively. Interestingly, on four substrates contrasting utilization patterns were found when the bacterium was exposed to different light spectra. Although non-phototrophic bacteria do not rely directly on light as an energy source, Pseudomonas sp. DR 5–09 changed its respiratory activity on various substrates differently when exposed to different lights. Thus, ability to sense and distinguish between different wavelengths even within the visible light spectrum must exist, and leads to differential regulation of substrate usage. With these results, we hypothesize that different light spectra might be a hitherto neglected key stimulus for changes in microbial lifestyle and habits of substrate usage by non-phototrophic phyllospheric microbiota, and thus might essentially stratify leaf microbiota composition and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samareh Gharaie
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Karin Rosberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sofia T. Windstam
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
- State University of New York, Department of Biological Sciences, Oswego, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Karlsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Bergstrand
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sammar Khalil
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Walter Wohanka
- Geisenheim University, Department of Phytomedicine, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Beatrix W. Alsanius
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, Alnarp, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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4
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Bosma R, Witt G, Vaas LAI, Josimovic I, Gribbon P, Vischer HF, Gul S, Leurs R. The Target Residence Time of Antihistamines Determines Their Antagonism of the G Protein-Coupled Histamine H1 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:667. [PMID: 29033838 PMCID: PMC5627017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of drug-candidates is often optimized by metrics that describe target binding (Kd or Ki value) or target modulation (IC50). However, these metrics are determined at equilibrium conditions, and consequently information regarding the onset and offset of target engagement and modulation is lost. Drug-target residence time is a measure for the lifetime of the drug-target complex, which has recently been receiving considerable interest, as target residence time is shown to have prognostic value for the in vivo efficacy of several drugs. In this study, we have investigated the relation between the increased residence time of antihistamines at the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and the duration of effective target-inhibition by these antagonists. Hela cells, endogenously expressing low levels of the H1R, were incubated with a series of antihistamines and dissociation was initiated by washing away the unbound antihistamines. Using a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye and a label free, dynamic mass redistribution based assay, functional recovery of the H1R responsiveness was measured by stimulating the cells with histamine over time, and the recovery was quantified as the receptor recovery time. Using these assays, we determined that the receptor recovery time for a set of antihistamines differed more than 40-fold and was highly correlated to their H1R residence times, as determined with competitive radioligand binding experiments to the H1R in a cell homogenate. Thus, the receptor recovery time is proposed as a cell-based and physiologically relevant metric for the lead optimization of G protein-coupled receptor antagonists, like the H1R antagonists. Both, label-free or real-time, classical signaling assays allow an efficient and physiologically relevant determination of kinetic properties of drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Bosma
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gesa Witt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Josimovic
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Auffray C, Balling R, Barroso I, Bencze L, Benson M, Bergeron J, Bernal-Delgado E, Blomberg N, Bock C, Conesa A, Del Signore S, Delogne C, Devilee P, Di Meglio A, Eijkemans M, Flicek P, Graf N, Grimm V, Guchelaar HJ, Guo YK, Gut IG, Hanbury A, Hanif S, Hilgers RD, Honrado Á, Hose DR, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Hubbard T, Janacek SH, Karanikas H, Kievits T, Kohler M, Kremer A, Lanfear J, Lengauer T, Maes E, Meert T, Müller W, Nickel D, Oledzki P, Pedersen B, Petkovic M, Pliakos K, Rattray M, I Màs JR, Schneider R, Sengstag T, Serra-Picamal X, Spek W, Vaas LAI, van Batenburg O, Vandelaer M, Varnai P, Villoslada P, Vizcaíno JA, Wubbe JPM, Zanetti G. Erratum to: Making sense of big data in health research: towards an EU action plan. Genome Med 2016; 8:118. [PMID: 27821178 PMCID: PMC5100330 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France. .,CIRI-UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-INSERM-UCBL, Université de Lyon, 50 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - László Bencze
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 2, 1125, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalised Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jay Bergeron
- Translational & Bioinformatics, Pfizer Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Enrique Bernal-Delgado
- Institute for Health Sciences, IACS - IIS Aragon, San Juan Bosco 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Niklas Blomberg
- ELIXIR, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1 4, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ana Conesa
- Príncipe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.,University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Christophe Delogne
- Technology, Data & Analytics, KPMG Luxembourg, Société Coopérative, 39 Avenue John F. Kennedy, 1855, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Di Meglio
- Information Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 385 Route de Meyrin, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Marinus Eijkemans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Building 9, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vera Grimm
- Project Management Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ivo Glynne Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan Hanbury
- Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, TU Wien, Favoritenstrasse 9-11/188, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahid Hanif
- The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 7th Floor, Southside, 105 Victoria Street, London, SW1E 6QT, UK
| | - Ralf-Dieter Hilgers
- Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH-Aachen University, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ángel Honrado
- SYNAPSE Research Management Partners, Diputació 237, Àtic 3ª, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Rod Hose
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and Insigneo Institute for In-Silico Medicine, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | | | - Tim Hubbard
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Genomics England, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sophie Helen Janacek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Haralampos Karanikas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Xristou Lada 6, 10561, Athens, Greece
| | - Tim Kievits
- Vitromics Healthcare Holding B.V., Onderwijsboulevard 225, 5223 DE, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kohler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremer
- ITTM S.A., 9 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jerry Lanfear
- Research Business Technology, Pfizer Ltd, GP4 Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Thomas Lengauer
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1 4, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Edith Maes
- Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Deloitte Belgium, Berkenlaan 8A, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Theo Meert
- Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., R&D G3O, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Dörthe Nickel
- UMR3664 IC/CNRS, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Peter Oledzki
- Linguamatics Ltd, 324 Cambridge Science Park Milton Rd, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Bertrand Pedersen
- PwC Luxembourg, 2 rue Gerhard Mercator, 2182, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milan Petkovic
- Philips, HighTechCampus 36, 5656AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Pliakos
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Josep Redón I Màs
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERobn ISCIII, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thierry Sengstag
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/ 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Serra-Picamal
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Carrer de Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wouter Spek
- EuroBioForum Foundation, Chrysantstraat 10, 3135 HG, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Okker van Batenburg
- EuroBioForum Foundation, Chrysantstraat 10, 3135 HG, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vandelaer
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, 6 rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Varnai
- Technopolis Group, 3 Pavilion Buildings, Brighton, BN1 1EE, UK
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosello 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - John Peter Mary Wubbe
- European Platform for Patients' Organisations, Science and Industry (Epposi), De Meeûs Square 38-40, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianluigi Zanetti
- CRS4, Ed.1 POLARIS, 09129, Pula, Italy.,BBMRI-ERIC, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2/B/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
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6
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de Araujo LS, Vaas LAI, Ribeiro-Alves M, Geffers R, Mello FCQ, de Almeida AS, Moreira ADSR, Kritski AL, Lapa E Silva JR, Moraes MO, Pessler F, Saad MHF. Transcriptomic Biomarkers for Tuberculosis: Evaluation of DOCK9. EPHA4, and NPC2 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1586. [PMID: 27826286 PMCID: PMC5078140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lately, much effort has been made to find mRNA biomarkers for tuberculosis (TB) disease/infection with microarray-based approaches. In a pilot investigation, through RNA sequencing technology, we observed a prominent modulation of DOCK9, EPHA4, and NPC2 mRNA abundance in the blood of TB patients. To corroborate these findings, independent validations were performed in cohorts from different areas. Gene expression levels in blood were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (Brazil, n = 129) or reanalysis of public microarray data (UK: n = 96; South Africa: n = 51; Germany: n = 26; and UK/France: n = 63). In the Brazilian cohort, significant modulation of all target-genes was observed comparing TB vs. healthy recent close TB contacts (rCt). With a 92% specificity, NPC2 mRNA high expression (NPC2high) showed the highest sensitivity (85%, 95% CI 65%–96%; area under the ROC curve [AUROC] = 0.88), followed by EPHA4 (53%, 95% CI 33%–73%, AUROC = 0.73) and DOCK9 (19%, 95% CI 7%–40%; AUROC = 0.66). All the other reanalyzed cohorts corroborated the potential of NPC2high as a biomarker for TB (sensitivity: 82–100%; specificity: 94–97%). An NPC2high profile was also observed in 60% (29/48) of the tuberculin skin test positive rCt, and additional follow-up evaluation revealed changes in the expression levels of NPC2 during the different stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, suggesting that further studies are needed to evaluate modulation of this gene during latent TB and/or progression to active disease. Considering its high specificity, our data indicate, for the first time, that NPC2high might serve as an accurate single-gene biomarker for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S de Araujo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fernanda C Q Mello
- Thoracic Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S de Almeida
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana da S R Moreira
- Thoracic Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio L Kritski
- Thoracic Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José R Lapa E Silva
- Thoracic Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton O Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frank Pessler
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchHannover, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria H F Saad
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Samir M, Vaas LAI, Pessler F. MicroRNAs in the Host Response to Viral Infections of Veterinary Importance. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:86. [PMID: 27800484 PMCID: PMC5065965 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of small regulatory non-coding RNAs has been an exciting advance in the field of genomics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional level. MiRNA profiling technologies have made it possible to identify and quantify novel miRNAs and to study their regulation and potential roles in disease pathogenesis. Although miRNAs have been extensively investigated in viral infections of humans, their implications in viral diseases affecting animals of veterinary importance are much less understood. The number of annotated miRNAs in different animal species is growing continuously, and novel roles in regulating host–pathogen interactions are being discovered, for instance, miRNA-mediated augmentation of viral transcription and replication. In this review, we present an overview of synthesis and function of miRNAs and an update on the current state of research on host-encoded miRNAs in the genesis of viral infectious diseases in their natural animal host as well as in selected in vivo and in vitro laboratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research , Hannover , Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Auffray C, Balling R, Barroso I, Bencze L, Benson M, Bergeron J, Bernal-Delgado E, Blomberg N, Bock C, Conesa A, Del Signore S, Delogne C, Devilee P, Di Meglio A, Eijkemans M, Flicek P, Graf N, Grimm V, Guchelaar HJ, Guo YK, Gut IG, Hanbury A, Hanif S, Hilgers RD, Honrado Á, Hose DR, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Hubbard T, Janacek SH, Karanikas H, Kievits T, Kohler M, Kremer A, Lanfear J, Lengauer T, Maes E, Meert T, Müller W, Nickel D, Oledzki P, Pedersen B, Petkovic M, Pliakos K, Rattray M, I Màs JR, Schneider R, Sengstag T, Serra-Picamal X, Spek W, Vaas LAI, van Batenburg O, Vandelaer M, Varnai P, Villoslada P, Vizcaíno JA, Wubbe JPM, Zanetti G. Making sense of big data in health research: Towards an EU action plan. Genome Med 2016; 8:71. [PMID: 27338147 PMCID: PMC4919856 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicine and healthcare are undergoing profound changes. Whole-genome sequencing and high-resolution imaging technologies are key drivers of this rapid and crucial transformation. Technological innovation combined with automation and miniaturization has triggered an explosion in data production that will soon reach exabyte proportions. How are we going to deal with this exponential increase in data production? The potential of "big data" for improving health is enormous but, at the same time, we face a wide range of challenges to overcome urgently. Europe is very proud of its cultural diversity; however, exploitation of the data made available through advances in genomic medicine, imaging, and a wide range of mobile health applications or connected devices is hampered by numerous historical, technical, legal, and political barriers. European health systems and databases are diverse and fragmented. There is a lack of harmonization of data formats, processing, analysis, and data transfer, which leads to incompatibilities and lost opportunities. Legal frameworks for data sharing are evolving. Clinicians, researchers, and citizens need improved methods, tools, and training to generate, analyze, and query data effectively. Addressing these barriers will contribute to creating the European Single Market for health, which will improve health and healthcare for all Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
- CIRI-UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-INSERM-UCBL, Université de Lyon, 50 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - László Bencze
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 2, 1125, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalised Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jay Bergeron
- Translational & Bioinformatics, Pfizer Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Enrique Bernal-Delgado
- Institute for Health Sciences, IACS - IIS Aragon, San Juan Bosco 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Niklas Blomberg
- ELIXIR, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1 4, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ana Conesa
- Príncipe Felipe Research Center, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Christophe Delogne
- Technology, Data & Analytics, KPMG Luxembourg, Société Coopérative, 39 Avenue John F. Kennedy, 1855, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Di Meglio
- Information Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 385 Route de Meyrin, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Marinus Eijkemans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Building 9, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vera Grimm
- Project Management Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ivo Glynne Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan Hanbury
- Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, TU Wien, Favoritenstrasse 9-11/188, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahid Hanif
- The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 7th Floor, Southside, 105 Victoria Street, London, SW1E 6QT, UK
| | - Ralf-Dieter Hilgers
- Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH-Aachen University, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ángel Honrado
- SYNAPSE Research Management Partners, Diputació 237, Àtic 3ª, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Rod Hose
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and Insigneo Institute for In-Silico Medicine, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | | | - Tim Hubbard
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Genomics England, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sophie Helen Janacek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Haralampos Karanikas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Xristou Lada 6, 10561, Athens, Greece
| | - Tim Kievits
- Vitromics Healthcare Holding B.V., Onderwijsboulevard 225, 5223 DE, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kohler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremer
- ITTM S.A., 9 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jerry Lanfear
- Research Business Technology, Pfizer Ltd, GP4 Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Thomas Lengauer
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1 4, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Edith Maes
- Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Deloitte Belgium, Berkenlaan 8A, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Theo Meert
- Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., R&D G3O, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Dörthe Nickel
- UMR3664 IC/CNRS, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Peter Oledzki
- Linguamatics Ltd, 324 Cambridge Science Park Milton Rd, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Bertrand Pedersen
- PwC Luxembourg, 2 rue Gerhard Mercator, 2182, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milan Petkovic
- Philips, HighTechCampus 36, 5656AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Pliakos
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Josep Redón I Màs
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERobn ISCIII, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thierry Sengstag
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Serra-Picamal
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Carrer de Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wouter Spek
- EuroBioForum Foundation, Chrysantstraat 10, 3135 HG, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Okker van Batenburg
- EuroBioForum Foundation, Chrysantstraat 10, 3135 HG, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vandelaer
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, 6 rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Varnai
- Technopolis Group, 3 Pavilion Buildings, Brighton, BN1 1EE, UK
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosello 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - John Peter Mary Wubbe
- European Platform for Patients' Organisations, Science and Industry (Epposi), De Meeûs Square 38-40, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianluigi Zanetti
- CRS4, Ed.1 POLARIS, 09129, Pula, Italy
- BBMRI-ERIC, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2/B/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Kaur J, Duan SY, Vaas LAI, Penesyan A, Meyer W, Paulsen IT, Nevalainen H. Phenotypic profiling of Scedosporium aurantiacum, an opportunistic pathogen colonizing human lungs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122354. [PMID: 25811884 PMCID: PMC4374879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping studies of Australian Scedosporium isolates have revealed the strong prevalence of a recently described species: Scedosporium aurantiacum. In addition to occurring in the environment, this fungus is also known to colonise the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A high throughput Phenotype Microarray (PM) analysis using 94 assorted substrates (sugars, amino acids, hexose-acids and carboxylic acids) was carried out for four isolates exhibiting different levels of virulence, determined using a Galleria mellonella infection model. A significant difference was observed in the substrate utilisation patterns of strains displaying differential virulence. For example, certain sugars such as sucrose (saccharose) were utilised only by low virulence strains whereas some sugar derivatives such as D-turanose promoted respiration only in the more virulent strains. Strains with a higher level of virulence also displayed flexibility and metabolic adaptability at two different temperature conditions tested (28 and 37°C). Phenotype microarray data were integrated with the whole-genome sequence data of S. aurantiacum to reconstruct a pathway map for the metabolism of selected substrates to further elucidate differences between the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shu Yao Duan
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School—Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lea A. I. Vaas
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School—Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Bioinformatics Group, Centralbureau voor Schimmelculturen—Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anahit Penesyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School—Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ding J, Dirks WG, Ehrentraut S, Geffers R, MacLeod RAF, Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Romani J, Scherr M, Vaas LAI, Zaborski M, Drexler HG, Quentmeier H. BCL6--regulated by AhR/ARNT and wild-type MEF2B--drives expression of germinal center markers MYBL1 and LMO2. Haematologica 2015; 100:801-9. [PMID: 25769544 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.120048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity is widespread in tumors, but poorly documented in cell lines. According to immunoglobulin hypermutation analysis, the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line U-2932 comprises two subpopulations faithfully representing original tumor subclones. We set out to identify molecular causes underlying subclone-specific expression affecting 221 genes including surface markers and the germinal center oncogenes BCL6 and MYC. Genomic copy number variations explained 58/221 genes differentially expressed in the two U-2932 clones. Subclone-specific expression of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the resulting activity of the AhR/ARNT complex underlaid differential regulation of 11 genes including MEF2B. Knock-down and inhibitor experiments confirmed that AhR/ARNT regulates MEF2B, a key transcription factor for BCL6. AhR, MEF2B and BCL6 levels correlated not only in the U-2932 subclones but in the majority of 23 cell lines tested, indicting overexpression of AhR as a novel mechanism behind BCL6 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Enforced modulation of BCL6 affected 48/221 signature genes. Although BCL6 is known as a transcriptional repressor, 28 genes were up-regulated, including LMO2 and MYBL1 which, like BCL6, signify germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Supporting the notion that BCL6 can induce gene expression, BCL6 and the majority of potential targets were co-regulated in a series of B-cell lines. In conclusion, genomic copy number aberrations, activation of AhR/ARNT, and overexpression of BCL6 are collectively responsible for differential expression of more than 100 genes in subclones of the U-2932 cell line. It is particularly interesting that BCL6 - regulated by AhR/ARNT and wild-type MEF2B - may drive expression of germinal center markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Wilhelm G Dirks
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Stefan Ehrentraut
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Genome Analysis Research Group, Braunschweig
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Julia Romani
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Medical School Hannover, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Germany
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Margarete Zaborski
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
| | - Hilmar Quentmeier
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig
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Vaas LAI, Sikorski J, Hofner B, Fiebig A, Buddruhs N, Klenk HP, Göker M. opm: an R package for analysing OmniLog(R) phenotype microarray data. Bioinformatics 2013; 29:1823-4. [PMID: 23740744 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY opm is an R package designed to analyse multidimensional OmniLog® phenotype microarray (PM) data. opm provides management, visualization and statistical analysis of PM data, including curve-parameter estimation and discretization, dedicated and customizable plots, metadata management, automated generation of textual and tabular reports, mapping of substrates to databases, batch conversion of files and export to phylogenetic software in the YAML markup language. AVAILABILITY opm is distributed under the GPL through the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://cran.r-project.org/package=opm) along with a comprehensive manual and a user-friendly tutorial. Further information may be found at http://www.dsmz.de/research/microorganisms/projects/. CONTACT johannes.sikorski@dsmz.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A I Vaas
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Bioinformatics, Uppsalalaan 8. 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Vaas LAI, Marheine M, Seufert S, Schumacher HM, Kiesecker H, Heine-Dobbernack E. Impact of pr-10a overexpression on the cryopreservation success of Solanum tuberosum suspension cultures. Plant Cell Rep 2012; 31:1061-1071. [PMID: 22252543 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although many genes are supposed to be a part of plant cell tolerance mechanisms against osmotic or salt stress, their influence on tolerance towards stress during cryopreservation procedures has rarely been investigated. For instance, the overexpression of the pathogenesis-related gene 10a (pr-10a) leads to improved osmotic tolerance in a transgenic cell culture of Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée. In this study, a cryopreservation method, consisting of osmotic pretreatment, cryoprotection with DMSO and controlled-rate freezing, was used to characterize the relation between cryopreservation success and pr-10a expression in suspension cultures of S. tuberosum wild-type cells and cells overexpressing pathogenesis-related protein 10a (Pr-10a). By varying the sorbitol concentration, thus modifying the strength of the osmotic stress during the pretreatment phase, it can be shown that the wild type can successfully be cryopreserved only in a relatively narrow range of sorbitol concentrations, while the pr-10a overexpression leads to an enhanced cryopreservation success over the whole range of applied sorbitol concentrations. Together with transcription data we show that the pr-10a overexpression causes an enhanced osmotic tolerance, which in turn leads to enhanced cryopreservability, but also indicates a role of pr-10a in signal transduction. An increased cryopreservability of the transgenic cell line occurs for pretreatments longer than 24 h. Since both genotypes, characterized by distinct baseline levels of expression, exhibited similar patterns of expression induction, the induction of pr-10a appears to be a key step in the stress signal transduction of plant cells under osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A I Vaas
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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