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Hägele FA, Büsing F, Nas A, Aschoff J, Gnädinger L, Schweiggert R, Carle R, Bosy-Westphal A. High orange juice consumption with or in-between three meals a day differently affects energy balance in healthy subjects. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:19. [PMID: 29695707 PMCID: PMC5916905 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-containing beverages like orange juice can be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes although the underlying mechanisms are less clear. We aimed to investigate if intake of orange juice with or in-between meals differently affects energy balance or metabolic risk. Twenty-six healthy adults (24.7 ± 3.2 y; BMI 23.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2) participated in a 4-week cross-over intervention and consumed orange juice (20% of energy requirement) either together with 3 meals/d (WM) or in-between 3 meals/d (BM) at ad libitum energy intake. Basal and postprandial insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), daylong glycaemia, glucose variability and insulin secretion were assessed. Body fat mass was measured by air-displacement plethysmography. After BM-intervention, fat mass increased (+1.0 ± 1.8 kg; p < 0.05) and postprandial insulin sensitivity tended to decrease (ΔMatsudaISI: −0.89 ± 2.3; p = 0.06). By contrast, after WM-intervention fat mass and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased (−0.30 ± 0.65 kg; −2.50 ± 3.94; both p < 0.05), whereas glucose variability was higher (ΔMAGE: +0.45 ± 0.59, p < 0.05). Daylong glycaemia, insulin secretion, changes in basal insulin sensitivity, and triglycerides did not differ between WM- and BM-interventions (all p > 0.05). In young healthy adults, a conventional 3-meal structure with orange juice consumed together with meals had a favorable impact on energy balance, whereas juice consumption in-between meals may contribute to a gain in body fat and adverse metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Hägele
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Büsing
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alessa Nas
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Aschoff
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lena Gnädinger
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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