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Liu C, Bridges ME, Kaundun SS, Glasgow L, Owen MD, Neve P. A generalised individual-based algorithm for modelling the evolution of quantitative herbicide resistance in arable weed populations. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:462-474. [PMID: 27174645 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation models are useful tools for predicting and comparing the risk of herbicide resistance in weed populations under different management strategies. Most existing models assume a monogenic mechanism governing herbicide resistance evolution. However, growing evidence suggests that herbicide resistance is often inherited in a polygenic or quantitative fashion. Therefore, we constructed a generalised modelling framework to simulate the evolution of quantitative herbicide resistance in summer annual weeds. RESULTS Real-field management parameters based on Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer (syn. rudis) control with glyphosate and mesotrione in Midwestern US maize-soybean agroecosystems demonstrated that the model can represent evolved herbicide resistance in realistic timescales. Sensitivity analyses showed that genetic and management parameters were impactful on the rate of quantitative herbicide resistance evolution, whilst biological parameters such as emergence and seed bank mortality were less important. CONCLUSION The simulation model provides a robust and widely applicable framework for predicting the evolution of quantitative herbicide resistance in summer annual weed populations. The sensitivity analyses identified weed characteristics that would favour herbicide resistance evolution, including high annual fecundity, large resistance phenotypic variance and pre-existing herbicide resistance. Implications for herbicide resistance management and potential use of the model are discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Herbicide Bioscience, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berks, UK
| | - Melissa E Bridges
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warks, UK
| | | | - Les Glasgow
- Herbicide Product Management, Syngenta, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Micheal Dk Owen
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Paul Neve
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warks, UK
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Salas RA, Burgos NR, Tranel PJ, Singh S, Glasgow L, Scott RC, Nichols RL. Resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicide in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:864-9. [PMID: 26817647 PMCID: PMC5069602 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread occurrence of ALS inhibitor- and glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri has led to increasing use of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in cotton and soybean. Studies were conducted to confirm resistance to fomesafen (a PPO inhibitor), determine the resistance frequency, examine the resistance profile to other foliar-applied herbicides and investigate the resistance mechanism of resistant plants in a population collected in 2011 (AR11-LAW B) and its progenies from two cycles of fomesafen selection (C1 and C2). RESULTS The frequency of fomesafen-resistant plants increased from 5% in the original AR11-LAW-B to 17% in the C2 population. The amounts of fomesafen that caused 50% growth reduction were 6-, 13- and 21-fold greater in AR11-LAW-B, C1 and C2 populations, respectively, than in the sensitive ecotype. The AR11-LAW-B population was sensitive to atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate and mesotrione but resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. Fomesafen survivors from C1 and C2 populations tested positive for the PPO glycine 210 deletion previously reported in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). CONCLUSION These studies confirmed that Palmer amaranth in Arkansas has evolved resistance to foliar-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiofeli A Salas
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nilda R Burgos
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shilpa Singh
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Les Glasgow
- Syngenta Crop Protection Inc., Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Scott
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Zhang N, Zheng ZC, Glasgow L, Braley B. Simulation of particle deposition at the bottom surface in a room-scale chamber with particle injection. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Foresman C, Glasgow L. US grower perceptions and experiences with glyphosate-resistant weeds. Pest Manag Sci 2008; 64:388-91. [PMID: 18241091 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A survey of 400 growers of maize, soybeans and cotton was made in the United States to determine perceptions, experiences and management practices with glyphosate-resistant weeds. The survey included growers in the north (corn belt) and south (cotton belt) of the USA in spring 2006. RESULTS Interestingly, 24 and 39% of northern and southern growers, respectively, assumed they had glyphosate weed resistance on their farm. Of the 200 southern growers interviewed, 67% had planted continuous glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops for a period of 3-5 years. According to the survey respondents, the key method for managing glyphosate-resistant weeds was to rotate to other herbicides. CONCLUSION Growers do value GR crop technology but are adopting measures to manage resistance only as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck Foresman
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Greensboro, NC 27419, USA.
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Abstract
Mesotrione is a new callistemone herbicide that inhibits the HPPD enzyme (p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and introduces a new naturally selective tool into weed-management programmes for use in maize. Mesotrione provides control of the major broad-leaved weeds, and it can be used in integrated weed-management programmes depending on the grower's preferred weed-control strategy. At post-emergence rates of 150 g AI ha-1 or less, mesotrione provides naturally selective control of key species that may show triazine resistance (TR), e.g. Chenopodium album L, Amaranthus species, Solanum nigrum L, as well as species of weed that show resistance to acetolactase synthase (ALS) inhibitors e.g. Xanthium strumarium L, Amaranthus spp and Sonchus spp. The data presented show that resistant and susceptible biotypes of these species with resistance to triazine herbicides, such as atrazine, simazine, terbutylazine and metribuzin, or ALS-inhibitor herbicides, such as imazethepyr, remain susceptible to mesotrione. These results confirm that there is no cross-resistance in biotypes with target site resistance to triazine or ALS-inhibiting herbicides. It is important that herbicide choice and rotation becomes an integral part of planning weed management, so as to minimise the risks of crop losses from weed competition, build-up of weed seed in the soil and the further development of weed resistance across a range of herbicide modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sutton
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, UK.
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Affara NA, Florentin L, Morrison N, Kwok K, Mitchell M, Cook A, Jamieson D, Glasgow L, Meredith L, Boyd E. Regional assignment of Y-linked DNA probes by deletion mapping and their homology with X-chromosome and autosomal sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14:5353-73. [PMID: 3737403 PMCID: PMC311545 DOI: 10.1093/nar/14.13.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Y recombinants have been isolated from Y-specific DNA libraries and regionally located on the Y chromosome using a Y deletion panel constructed from individuals carrying structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome. Of twenty recombinants examined twelve have been assigned to Yp and eight to Yq. Five of the Yp recombinants map between Yp11.2 and Ypter and one can only be assigned to Yp. Of the former, four detect homologies on the X chromosome between Xq13 and Xq24 and the latter one between Xp22.3 and Xpter. The sixth recombinant detects autosomal homologous sequences. The six remaining Yp probes are located between Ycen and Yp11.2. One of these detects a homology on the X chromosome at Xq13-Xq24 and a series of autosomal sequences, two detect uniquely Y-specific sequences and three a complex pattern of autosomal homologies. The remaining eight recombinants have been assigned to three intervals on Yq. Of three recombinants located between Ycen and Yq11.21 two detect only Y sequences and one additional autosomal homologies. Two recombinants lie in the interval Yq11.21-Yq11-22, one of which detects only Y sequences and the other an Xp homology between Xp22.3 and Xpter. Finally, the three remaining Yq recombinants all detect autosomal homologies and are located between Yq11.22 and Yq12. The divergence between homologies on different chromosomes has been examined for three recombinants by washing Southern Blots at different levels of stringency. Additionally, Southern analysis of DNA from flow sorted chromosomes has been used to identify autosomes carrying homologies to two of the Y recombinants.
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Wilcox DE, Cooke A, Colgan J, Boyd E, Aitken DA, Sinclair L, Glasgow L, Stephenson JB, Ferguson-Smith MA. Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to familial Xp21 deletion detectable by DNA analysis and flow cytometry. Hum Genet 1986; 73:175-80. [PMID: 3721503 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report two male cousins with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in whom cytogenetic studies have shown a small interstitial deletion at Xp21. The lesion is readily detectable in patients and carriers by flow cytometry which indicates that approximately 6000 kb of DNA are deleted in each case. The DNA markers OTC, C7, and B24 are present in the deleted X chromosome but 87-8, 87-1, and 754 are absent. Despite apparently identical deletions one affected boy has profound mental handicap while the other is only mildly retarded. The results confirm the assignment of familial DMD to Xp21 and illustrate the value of flow cytometry in improving the precision of chromosome analysis. We have also undertaken flow cytometry in a cell line from a previously reported DMD patient with a de novo Xp21 deletion who had, in addition, chronic granulomatous disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and the McLeod syndrome. The results indicate that the amount of DNA deleted from the X is similar in both families despite the striking differences in phenotype.
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Abstract
A 3-week-old child with respiratory distress had an air-fluid level on chest roentgenogram. Computed tomography of the chest distinguished the mass as a discrete lung abscess, without underlying abnormality. Due to failure of the child's condition to improve with medical therapy, a limited thoracotomy and drainage of the lung abscess was performed; Escherichia coli and no anaerobic organisms grew from cultures of abscess material. We believe computed tomography to be of great benefit in defining suspected lung abscess in the neonate.
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O'Brien RT, Santos JI, Glasgow L, Landaw SA. Pathophysiologic basis for anemia associated with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: preliminary observations. J Pediatr 1981; 98:928-31. [PMID: 7229795 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Irradiation of CCl4, CFCl3, and CF2Cl2 in the presence of C2H6 in vessels containing silica sand or fused quartz tubing results in the formation of chlorine-containing products. The formation of these compounds occurs at wavelengths extending up to approximately 400 nm, that is, at wavelengths well beyond the absorption threshold of the chloromethanes in the gas phase. It is suggested that CCl4 adsorbed on silica surfaces photodissociates to yield CCl3 and CCl2 species. The poor material balance obtained in these experiments indicates that several of the chlorine-containing fragments are strongly adsorbed on the surface. At a CCl4 pressure of 13 Pa (0.1 torr), photolysis with 366 nm light in the presence of sand results in the decomposition of one molecule for every 104 photons striking the surface. Under otherwise identical conditions, the photon-induced breakdown of CFCl3 and CF2Cl2 is respectively only 10 percent or 3 percent as efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ausloos
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234
| | - R E Rebbert
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234
| | - L Glasgow
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234
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