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Telisinghe L, Shaweno D, Hayes RJ, Dodd PJ, Ayles HM. The effect of systematic screening of the general population on TB case notification rates. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:964-973. [PMID: 34886925 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Understanding how TB case notification rates (TB-CNR) change with TB screening and their association with underlying TB incidence/prevalence could inform how they are best used to monitor screening impact.METHODS: We undertook a systematic review to identify articles published between 1 January 1980 and 13 April 2020 on TB-CNR trends associated with TB screening in the general-population. Using a simple compartmental TB transmission model, we modelled TB-CNRs, incidence and prevalence dynamics during 5 years of screening.RESULTS: Of 27,282 articles, seven before/after studies were eligible. Two involved population-wide screening, while five used targeted screening. The data suggest screening was associated with initial increases in TB-CNRs. Increases were greatest with population-wide screening, where screening identified a large proportion of notified people with TB. Only one study reported on sustained screening; TB-CNR trends were compatible with model simulations. Model simulations always showed a peak in TB-CNRs with screening. Following the peak, TB-CNRs declined but were typically sustained above baseline during the intervention. Incidence and prevalence decreased during the intervention; the relative decline in incidence was smaller than the decline in prevalence.CONCLUSIONS: Published data on TB-CNR trends with TB screening are limited. These data are needed to identify generalisable patterns and enable method development for inferring underlying TB incidence/prevalence from TB-CNR trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Telisinghe
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | - D Shaweno
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R J Hayes
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - P J Dodd
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H M Ayles
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
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Telisinghe L, Ruperez M, Amofa-Sekyi M, Mwenge L, Mainga T, Kumar R, Hassan M, Chaisson L, Naufal F, Shapiro A, Golub J, Miller C, Corbett E, Burke R, MacPherson P, Hayes R, Bond V, Daneshvar C, Klinkenberg E, Ayles H. Does tuberculosis screening improve individual outcomes? A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101127. [PMID: 34604724 PMCID: PMC8473670 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if tuberculosis (TB) screening improves patient outcomes, we conducted two systematic reviews to investigate the effect of TB screening on diagnosis, treatment outcomes, deaths (clinical review assessing 23 outcome indicators); and patient costs (economic review). METHODS Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched between 1/1/1980-13/4/2020 (clinical review) and 1/1/2010-14/8/2020 (economic review). As studies were heterogeneous, data synthesis was narrative. FINDINGS Clinical review: of 27,270 articles, 18 (n=3 trials) were eligible. Nine involved general populations. Compared to passive case finding (PCF), studies showed lower smear grade (n=2/3) and time to diagnosis (n=2/3); higher pre-treatment losses to follow-up (screened 23% and 29% vs PCF 15% and 14%; n=2/2); and similar treatment success (range 68-81%; n=4) and case fatality (range 3-11%; n=5) in the screened group. Nine reported on risk groups. Compared to PCF, studies showed lower smear positivity among those culture-confirmed (n=3/4) and time to diagnosis (n=2/2); and similar (range 80-90%; n=2/2) treatment success in the screened group. Case fatality was lower in n=2/3 observational studies; both reported on established screening programmes. A neonatal trial and post-hoc analysis of a household contacts trial found screening was associated with lower all-cause mortality. Economic review: From 2841 articles, six observational studies were eligible. Total costs (n=6) and catastrophic cost prevalence (n=4; range screened 9-45% vs PCF 12-61%) was lower among those screened. INTERPRETATION We found very limited patient outcome data. Collecting and reporting this data must be prioritised to inform policy and practice. FUNDING WHO and EDCTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Telisinghe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | - M Ruperez
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - M Amofa-Sekyi
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | - L Mwenge
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | - T Mainga
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | - R Kumar
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | - M Hassan
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
- Chest Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - L.H Chaisson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - F Naufal
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - A.E Shapiro
- Departments of Global Health and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J.E Golub
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, USA
| | - C Miller
- Global TB programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E.L Corbett
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - R.M Burke
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - P MacPherson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - R.J Hayes
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - V Bond
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
| | | | - E Klinkenberg
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H.M Ayles
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Zambart, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Ridgeway, Zambia
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Waite TD, Telisinghe L, Gobin M, Ronveaux O, Fernandez AK, Stuart JM, Scholten RJPM. Rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial meningitis applicable in sub-Saharan Africa. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011634.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Waite
- Public Health England; Field Epidemiology Services; 2 Rivergate Bristol UK BS1 6EH
| | - Lilanganee Telisinghe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases; Keppel Street London UK WC1E 7HT
| | - Maya Gobin
- Public Health England; Field Epidemiology Services; 2 Rivergate Bristol UK BS1 6EH
| | - Olivier Ronveaux
- World Health Organization; Control of Epidemic Diseases; 20 Avenue Appia Geneva Switzerland 1211
| | - Ana-Katya Fernandez
- World Health Organization; Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases (PED); 20 Avenue Appia Geneva Switzerland 1211
| | - James M Stuart
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department; Keppel Street London UK WC1E 7HT
| | - Rob JPM Scholten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Cochrane Netherlands; Room Str. 6.126 P.O. Box 85500 Utrecht Netherlands 3508 GA
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Telisinghe L, Amofa-Sekyi M, Maluzi K, Kaluba-Milimo D, Cheeba-Lengwe M, Chiwele K, Kosloff B, Floyd S, Bailey SL, Ayles H. The sensitivity of the QuantiFERON ®-TB Gold Plus assay in Zambian adults with active tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 21:690-696. [PMID: 28482964 PMCID: PMC5424670 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity of the new interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), for active TB (used as a surrogate for latent tuberculous infection) in a Zambian TB clinic. DESIGN Consecutive smear or Xpert® MTB/RIF-positive adult (age 18 years) pulmonary TB patients were recruited between June 2015 and March 2016. Venous blood was tested using QFT-Plus. The sensitivity was defined as the number positive divided by the total number tested. Using logistic regression, factors associated with positive QFT-Plus results were explored. RESULTS Of 108 patients (median age 32 years, interquartile range 27-38; 73% male; 63% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] positive), 90 were QFT-Plus-positive, 11 were negative and seven had indeterminate results; sensitivity was 83% (95%CI 75-90). There was no difference in sensitivity by HIV status (HIV-positive 85%, 95%CI 75-93; n = 68 vs. HIV-negative 80%, 95%CI 64-91; n = 40; P = 0.59). In models adjusted for age alone, CD4 cell count <100 cells/μl (OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.02-0.96; P = 0.05) and body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.08-0.91; P = 0.02) were associated with decreased odds of positive QFT-Plus results. CONCLUSION Overall, the sensitivity of QFT-Plus is similar to that of the tuberculin skin test and other IGRAs. While overall sensitivity is not affected by HIV status, QFT-Plus sensitivity was lower among people living with HIV/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome with severe immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Telisinghe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - K Maluzi
- Zambart, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - K Chiwele
- Zambart, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B Kosloff
- Zambart, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
| | - S Floyd
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S-L Bailey
- Zambart, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
| | - H Ayles
- Zambart, Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
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Telisinghe L, Charalambous S, Topp SM, Herce ME, Hoffmann CJ, Barron P, Schouten EJ, Jahn A, Zachariah R, Harries AD, Beyrer C, Amon JJ. HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2016; 388:1215-27. [PMID: 27427448 PMCID: PMC6182190 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Given the dual epidemics of HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa and evidence suggesting a disproportionate burden of these diseases among detainees in the region, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HIV and tuberculosis in prison populations, describe services available and challenges to service delivery, and identify priority areas for programmatically relevant research in sub-Saharan African prisons. To this end, we reviewed literature on HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan African prisons published between 2011 and 2015, and identified data from only 24 of the 49 countries in the region. Where data were available, they were frequently of poor quality and rarely nationally representative. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 2·3% to 34·9%, and of tuberculosis from 0·4 to 16·3%; detainees nearly always had a higher prevalence of both diseases than did the non-incarcerated population in the same country. We identified barriers to prevention, treatment, and care services in published work and through five case studies of prison health policies and services in Zambia, South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria, and Benin. These barriers included severe financial and human-resource limitations and fragmented referral systems that prevent continuity of care when detainees cycle into and out of prison, or move between prisons. These challenges are set against the backdrop of weak health and criminal-justice systems, high rates of pre-trial detention, and overcrowding. A few examples of promising practices exist, including routine voluntary testing for HIV and screening for tuberculosis upon entry to South African and the largest Zambian prisons, reforms to pre-trial detention in South Africa, integration of mental health services into a health package in selected Malawian prisons, and task sharing to include detainees in care provision through peer-educator programmes in Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and South Africa. However, substantial additional investments are required throughout sub-Saharan Africa to develop country-level policy guidance, build human-resource capacity, and strengthen prison health systems to ensure universal access to HIV and tuberculsosis prevention, treatment, and care of a standard that meets international goals and human rights obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilanganee Telisinghe
- Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, Bristol, UK; University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Salome Charalambous
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephanie M Topp
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michael E Herce
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Peter Barron
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Andreas Jahn
- Department of HIV and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Training and Education Center for Health, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rony Zachariah
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels Operational Centre, Operational Research Unit, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Amon
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Health and Human Rights Division, Human Rights Watch, New York, NY, USA
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Telisinghe L, Hippner P, Churchyard GJ, Gresak G, Grant AD, Charalambous S, Fielding KL. Outcomes of on-site antiretroviral therapy provision in a South African correctional facility. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:1153-1161. [PMID: 25941052 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415584467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a novel on-site antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in a South African correctional facility using routinely collected programme data, from a retrospective cohort of adult inmates starting ART between 03/2007 and 03/2009 followed-up to 09/2009. We report (1) mortality (using survival analysis); (2) retention in the programme (to 09/2009); and (3) virological suppression at six and 12 months (<400 copies/ml) following ART initiation. In total, 404 started ART (median age 33 years; 91.3% men; median baseline CD4 cell count 152 cells/µl [interquartile range 85-225]). Among 299 starting ART for the first time (ART-naïve), 23 deaths occurred during 252 person-years (median follow-up nine months). Mortality rates were 17.2 at 0-6 months (95% confidence interval 10.9-26.9) and 2.8 at >6 months (95% confidence interval 1.1-7.5)/100 person-years; p < 0.001. At 09/2009, 35.6% (144/404) remained in the correctional facility, with 94.4% (136/144) retained in the programme; 38.4% (155/404) were released; and 20.0% (81/404) transferred to another facility. ART-naïve patients in care six and 12 months after ART initiation, 94.7% (124/131) and 92.5% (74/80) were virologically suppressed, respectively. High early mortality warrants the early identification and management of HIV-positive inmates. The high mobility of inmates necessitates systems for facilitating continuity of care. Good virological responses and retention supports decentralising HIV care to correctional facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilanganee Telisinghe
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa .,CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Gavin J Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Alison D Grant
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Salome Charalambous
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Waite TD, Telisinghe L, Gobin M, Ronveaux O, Fernandez AK, Stuart JM, Scholten RJPM. Rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial meningitis applicable in sub-Saharan Africa. Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Waite
- Public Health England; Field Epidemiology Services; 2 Rivergate Bristol UK BS1 6EH
| | | | - Maya Gobin
- Public Health England; Field Epidemiology Services; 2 Rivergate Bristol UK BS1 6EH
| | - Olivier Ronveaux
- World Health Organization; Control of Epidemic Diseases; 20 Avenue Appia Geneva Switzerland 1211
| | - Ana-Katya Fernandez
- World Health Organization; Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases (PED); 20 Avenue Appia Geneva Switzerland 1211
| | - James M Stuart
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department; Keppel Street London UK WC1E 7HT
| | - Rob JPM Scholten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care / University Medical Center Utrecht; Dutch Cochrane Centre; Room Str. 6.126 P.O. Box 85500 Utrecht Netherlands 3508 GA
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Telisinghe L, Fielding KL, Malden JL, Hanifa Y, Churchyard GJ, Grant AD, Charalambous S. High tuberculosis prevalence in a South African prison: the need for routine tuberculosis screening. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87262. [PMID: 24498059 PMCID: PMC3907552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is a major health concern in prisons, particularly where HIV prevalence is high. Our objective was to determine the undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (“undiagnosed tuberculosis”) prevalence in a representative sample of prisoners in a South African prison. In addition we investigated risk factors for undiagnosed tuberculosis, to explore if screening strategies could be targeted to high risk groups, and, the performance of screening tools for tuberculosis. Methods and Findings In this cross-sectional survey, male prisoners were screened for tuberculosis using symptoms, chest radiograph (CXR) and two spot sputum specimens for microscopy and culture. Anonymised HIV antibody testing was performed on urine specimens. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of symptoms and investigations were calculated, using Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated on sputum culture as the gold standard. From September 2009 to October 2010, 1046 male prisoners were offered enrolment to the study. A total of 981 (93.8%) consented (median age was 32 years; interquartile range [IQR] 27–37 years) and were screened for tuberculosis. Among 968 not taking tuberculosis treatment and with sputum culture results, 34 (3.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–4.9%) were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. HIV prevalence was 25.3% (242/957; 95% CI 22.6–28.2%). Positive HIV status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.0; 95% CI 1.0–4.2) and being an ex-smoker (aOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2–5.9) were independently associated with undiagnosed tuberculosis. Compared to the gold standard of positive sputum culture, cough of any duration had a sensitivity of 35.3% and specificity of 79.6%. CXR was the most sensitive single screening modality (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 92.2%). Adding CXR to cough of any duration gave a tool with sensitivity of 79.4% and specificity of 73.8%. Conclusions Undiagnosed tuberculosis and HIV prevalence was high in this prison, justifying routine screening for tuberculosis at entry into the prison, and intensified case finding among existing prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilanganee Telisinghe
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa ; CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Justin L Malden
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa ; CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yasmeen Hanifa
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa ; CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gavin J Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa ; CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D Grant
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salome Charalambous
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa ; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Arenas-Pinto A, Weller I, Ekong R, Grant A, Karstaedt A, Reiss P, Telisinghe L, Weber R, Bolhaar M, Bradman N, Ingram C. Common inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced severe hyperlactataemia in HIV-infected adults: an exploratory study. Antivir Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Arenas-Pinto A, Weller I, Ekong R, Grant A, Karstaedt A, Reiss P, Telisinghe L, Weber R, Bolhaar M, Bradman N, Ingram C. Common inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced severe hyperlactataemia in HIV-infected adults: an exploratory study. Antivir Ther 2011; 17:275-82. [DOI: 10.3851/imp1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Arenas-Pinto A, Weller I, Ekong R, Grant A, Karstaedt A, Telisinghe L, Bolhaar M, Charalambous S, Bradman N, Ingram C. Lack of association between mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and didexoxynucleoside-induced hyperlactataemia in black-African, HIV-1-infected patients. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3113104 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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