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Rivas M, Pichel M, Colonna M, Casanello AL, Alconcher LF, Galavotti J, Principi I, Araujo SP, Ramírez FB, González G, Pianciola LA, Mazzeo M, Suarez Á, Oderiz S, Ghezzi LFR, Arrigo DJ, Paladini JH, Baroni MR, Pérez S, Tamborini A, Chinen I, Miliwebsky ES, Goldbaum F, Muñoz L, Spatz L, Sanguineti S. Surveillance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli associated bloody diarrhea in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:345-354. [PMID: 37301652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In Argentina, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS) infection is endemic, and reliable data about prevalence and risk factors have been available since 2000. However, information about STEC-associated bloody diarrhea (BD) is limited. A prospective study was performed during the period October 2018-June 2019 in seven tertiary-hospitals and 18 referral units from different regions, aiming to determine (i) the frequency of STEC-positive BD cases in 714 children aged 1-9 years of age and (ii) the rate of progression of bloody diarrhea to HUS. The number and regional distribution of STEC-HUS cases in the same hospitals and during the same period were also assessed. Twenty-nine (4.1%) of the BD patients were STEC-positive, as determined by the Shiga Toxin Quik Chek (STQC) test and/or the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay. The highest frequencies were found in the Southern region (Neuquén, 8.7%; Bahía Blanca, 7.9%), in children between 12 and 23 month of age (8.8%), during summertime. Four (13.8%) cases progressed to HUS, three to nine days after diarrhea onset. Twenty-seven STEC-HUS in children under 5 years of age (77.8%) were enrolled, 51.9% were female; 44% were Stx-positive by STQC and all by mPCR. The most common serotypes were O157:H7 and O145:H28 and the prevalent genotypes, both among BD and HUS cases, were stx2a-only or -associated. Considering the endemic behavior of HUS and its high incidence, these data show that the rate of STEC-positive cases is low among BD patients. However, the early recognition of STEC-positive cases is important for patient monitoring and initiation of supportive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rivas
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Pichel
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Colonna
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Laura F Alconcher
- Hospital Interzonal "Dr. José Penna", Av. Laínez 2401, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Galavotti
- Hospital Interzonal "Dr. José Penna", Av. Laínez 2401, B8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iliana Principi
- Hospital de Niños "Dr. Humberto Notti", Av. Bandera de los Andes 2603, M5521 Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sofía Pérez Araujo
- Hospital de Niños "Dr. Humberto Notti", Av. Bandera de los Andes 2603, M5521 Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Flavia B Ramírez
- Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón, Buenos Aires 450, Q8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Gladys González
- Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón, Buenos Aires 450, Q8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Luis A Pianciola
- Laboratorio Central, Gregorio Martínez 65, Q8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Melina Mazzeo
- Laboratorio Central, Gregorio Martínez 65, Q8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Ángela Suarez
- Hospital De Niños "Sor María Ludovica", Calle 14 1631 entre 65 y 66, B1904CSI La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Oderiz
- Hospital De Niños "Sor María Ludovica", Calle 14 1631 entre 65 y 66, B1904CSI La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lidia F R Ghezzi
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199AB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Arrigo
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199AB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José H Paladini
- Hospital Dr. Orlando Alassia, Mendoza 4151, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María R Baroni
- Hospital Dr. Orlando Alassia, Mendoza 4151, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Pérez
- Hospital "Dr. Lucio Molas", Raúl B. Díaz Pilcomayo, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Ana Tamborini
- Hospital "Dr. Lucio Molas", Raúl B. Díaz Pilcomayo, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Isabel Chinen
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth S Miliwebsky
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Goldbaum
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Muñoz
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Linus Spatz
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Sanguineti
- Inmunova S.A., Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Farizano Salazar DH, Achinelli F, Colonna M, Pérez L, Giménez AA, Ojeda MA, Miranda Puente SN, Sánchez Negrette L, Cañete F, Martelotte Ibarra OI, Sanguineti S, Spatz L, Goldbaum FA, Massa C, Rivas M, Pichel M, Hiriart Y, Zylberman V, Gallego S, Konigheim B, Fernández F, Deprati M, Roubicek I, Giunta DH, Nannini E, Lopardo G, Belloso WH. Safety and effectiveness of RBD-specific polyclonal equine F(ab´)2 fragments for the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 disease: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274796. [PMID: 36155545 PMCID: PMC9512184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Passive immunotherapy has been evaluated as a therapeutic alternative for patients with COVID-19 disease. Equine polyclonal immunotherapy for COVID-19 (EPIC) showed adequate safety and potential efficacy in a clinical trial setting and obtained emergency use authorization in Argentina. We studied its utility in a real world setting with a larger population.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at “Hospital de Campaña Escuela-Hogar" (HCEH) in Corrientes, Argentina, to assess safety and effectiveness of EPIC in hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Primary endpoints were 28-days all-cause mortality and safety. Mortality and improvement in modified WHO clinical scale at 14 and 21 days were secondary endpoints. Potential confounder adjustment was made by logistic regression weighted by the inverse of the probability of receiving the treatment (IPTW) and doubly robust approach.
Findings
Subsequent clinical records of 446 non-exposed (Controls) and 395 exposed (EPIC) patients admitted between November 2020 and April 2021 were analyzed. Median age was 58 years and 56.8% were males. Mortality at 28 days was 15.7% (EPIC) vs. 21.5% (Control). After IPTW adjustment the OR was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46–0.96) P = 0.03. The effect was more evident in the subgroup who received two EPIC doses (complete treatment, n = 379), OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.85) P = 0.005. Overall and serious adverse events were not significantly different between groups.
Conclusions
In this retrospective cohort study, EPIC showed adequate safety and effectiveness in the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucía Pérez
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía A. Giménez
- Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar, Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Florencia Cañete
- Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar, Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | | | - Linus Spatz
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Goldbaum
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CRIP—Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas UNSAM Campus Miguelete, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Massa
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Rivas
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Pichel
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Hiriart
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Vanesa Zylberman
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sandra Gallego
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Konigheim
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Matías Deprati
- Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A., Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ian Roubicek
- Inmunova S.A., Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H. Giunta
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Esteban Nannini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Sanatorio Británico, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Lopardo
- Hospital Municipal Dr. Bernardo Houssay, Florida, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación del Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Waldo H. Belloso
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Lopardo G, Belloso WH, Nannini E, Colonna M, Sanguineti S, Zylberman V, Muñoz L, Dobarro M, Lebersztein G, Farina J, Vidiella G, Bertetti A, Crudo F, Alzogaray MF, Barcelona L, Teijeiro R, Lambert S, Scublinsky D, Iacono M, Stanek V, Solari R, Cruz P, Casas MM, Abusamra L, Luciardi HL, Cremona A, Caruso D, de Miguel B, Lloret SP, Millán S, Kilstein Y, Pereiro A, Sued O, Cahn P, Spatz L, Goldbaum F. RBD-specific polyclonal F(ab´) 2 fragments of equine antibodies in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, adaptive phase 2/3 clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 34:100843. [PMID: 33870149 PMCID: PMC8037439 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND passive immunotherapy is a therapeutic alternative for patients with COVID-19. Equine polyclonal antibodies (EpAbs) could represent a source of scalable neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety of EpAbs (INM005) in hospitalized adult patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pneumonia in 19 hospitals of Argentina. Primary endpoint was improvement in at least two categories in WHO ordinal clinical scale at day 28 or hospital discharge (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04494984). FINDINGS between August 1st and October 26th, 2020, a total of 245 patients were enrolled. Enrolled patients were assigned to receive two blinded doses of INM005 (n = 118) or placebo (n = 123). Median age was 54 years old, 65•1% were male and 61% had moderate disease at baseline. Median time from symptoms onset to study treatment was 6 days (interquartile range 5 to 8). No statistically significant difference was noted between study groups on primary endpoint (risk difference [95% IC]: 5•28% [-3•95; 14•50]; p = 0•15). Rate of improvement in at least two categories was statistically significantly higher for INM005 at days 14 and 21 of follow-up. Time to improvement in two ordinal categories or hospital discharge was 14•2 (± 0•7) days in the INM005 group and 16•3 (± 0•7) days in the placebo group, hazard ratio 1•31 (95% CI 1•0 to 1•74). Subgroup analyses showed a beneficial effect of INM005 over severe patients and in those with negative baseline antibodies. Overall mortality was 6•9% the INM005 group and 11•4% in the placebo group (risk difference [95% IC]: 0•57 [0•24 to 1•37]). Adverse events of special interest were mild or moderate; no anaphylaxis was reported. INTERPRETATION Albeit not having reached the primary endpoint, we found clinical improvement of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, particularly those with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lopardo
- Hospital Municipal Dr. Bernardo Houssay, Pte Hipólito Yrigoyen 1757, Florida, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación del Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), French 3085, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
| | - Waldo H. Belloso
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Esteban Nannini
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Sanatorio Británico, Paraguay 40, Rosario, Santa Fé S2000 CVB, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Mariana Colonna
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Santiago Sanguineti
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Zylberman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Luciana Muñoz
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Martín Dobarro
- Sanatorio Sagrado Corazón (OSECAC), Bartolomé Mitre 1955, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP1039, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Lebersztein
- Sanatorio Sagrado Corazón (OSECAC), Bartolomé Mitre 1955, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP1039, Argentina
| | - Javier Farina
- Hospital de Alta Complejidad Cuenca Alta S.A.M.I.C. Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner, RP6, Cañuelas, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Vidiella
- Sanatorio Agote. Dr. Luis Agote 2477, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1425 EOE, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Bertetti
- Sanatorio Güemes, Francisco Acuña de Figueroa 1240, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1180, Argentina
| | - Favio Crudo
- Hospital Municipal Emilio Zerboni, Moreno 90, San Antonio de Areco, Provincia de Buenos Aires B2760, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco, Av. Güiraldes 689, San Antonio de Areco, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Barcelona
- Hospital Municipal Dr. Bernardo Houssay, Pte Hipólito Yrigoyen 1757, Florida, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Teijeiro
- Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Av. Monroe 3555, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
| | - Sandra Lambert
- Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce Néstor Kirchner, Av. Calchaquí 5401, Florencio Varela, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Scublinsky
- Clínica Zabala. Av. Cabildo 1295, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1426 AAM, Argentina
| | - Marisa Iacono
- Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón, Buenos Aires 450, Neuquén Q8300, Argentina
| | - Vanina Stanek
- Sección de Infectología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Rubén Solari
- Hospital de Infecciosas Francisco Javier Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1282, Argentina
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Av. Belgrano 2199, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1096, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Martín Casas
- Clínica Adventista Belgrano. Estomba 1710, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1430 EGF, Argentina
| | - Lorena Abusamra
- Hospital Municipal Dr. Diego Thompson, Avellaneda 33, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650, Argentina
| | - Héctor Lucas Luciardi
- Hospital Centro de Salud Zenón J. Santillán, Av. Avellaneda 750, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Alberto Cremona
- Hospital Italiano La Plata, Av. 51, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires B1900, Argentina
| | - Diego Caruso
- Hospital Español, Av. Belgrano 2975, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1209, Argentina
| | | | - Santiago Perez Lloret
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (UAI-CAECIHS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. San Juan 951, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1147 AAH, Argentina
| | - Susana Millán
- mAbxience, Manuel Pombo Angulo 28, 3rd floor, Madrid 28050, Spain
| | - Yael Kilstein
- PHV LATAM, AES, Amenábar 3851, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Pereiro
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Paraguay 1535, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1061ABC, Argentina
| | - Omar Sued
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Ángel Peluffo 3932PB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Cahn
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Ángel Peluffo 3932PB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Linus Spatz
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Fernando Goldbaum
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- CRIP - Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas UNSAM Campus Miguelete. 25 de Mayo y Francia Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMK, Argentina
- Corresponding author at: Inmunova S.A., 25 de mayo 1021, Villa Lynch, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires CP B1650HMP, Argentina.
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4
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Zylberman V, Sanguineti S, Pontoriero AV, Higa SV, Cerutti ML, Morrone Seijo SM, Pardo R, Muñoz L, Acuña Intrieri ME, Alzogaray VA, Avaro MM, Benedetti E, Berguer PM, Bocanera L, Bukata L, Bustelo MS, Campos AM, Colonna M, Correa E, Cragnaz L, Dattero ME, Dellafiore M, Foscaldi S, González JV, Guerra LL, Klinke S, Labanda MS, Lauché C, López JC, Martínez AM, Otero LH, Peyric EH, Ponziani PF, Ramondino R, Rinaldi J, Rodríguez S, Russo JE, Russo ML, Saavedra SL, Seigelchifer M, Sosa S, Vilariño C, López Biscayart P, Corley E, Spatz L, Baumeister EG, Goldbaum FA. Development of a hyperimmune equine serum therapy for COVID-19 in Argentina. Medicina (B Aires) 2020; 80 Suppl 3:1-6. [PMID: 32658841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease named COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is currently generating a global pandemic. Vaccine development is no doubt the best long-term immunological approach, but in the current epidemiologic and health emergency there is a need for rapid and effective solutions. Convalescent plasma is the only antibody-based therapy available for COVID-19 patients to date. Equine polyclonal antibodies (EpAbs) put forward a sound alternative. The new generation of processed and purified EpAbs containing highly purified F(ab')2 fragments demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated. EpAbs are easy to manufacture allowing a fast development and scaling up for a treatment. Based on these ideas, we present a new therapeutic product obtained after immunization of horses with the receptor-binding domain of the viral Spike glycoprotein. Our product shows around 50 times more potency in in vitro seroneutralization assays than the average of convalescent plasma. This result may allow us to test the safety and efficacy of this product in a phase 2/3 clinical trial to be conducted in July 2020 in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Zylberman
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | | | - Andrea V Pontoriero
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra V Higa
- Instituto Biológico Argentino S.A.I.C., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Cerutti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- CRIP -Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Romina Pardo
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Muñoz
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Acuña Intrieri
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- CRIP -Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Alzogaray
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín M Avaro
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Benedetti
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M Berguer
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucas Bukata
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ana M Campos
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Colonna
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Correa
- mAbxience, Munro, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Cragnaz
- mAbxience, Munro, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Dattero
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sabrina Foscaldi
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Sebastián Klinke
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Labanda
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan C López
- Instituto Biológico Argentino S.A.I.C., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lisandro H Otero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elías H Peyric
- Instituto Biológico Argentino S.A.I.C., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Jimena Rinaldi
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Javier E Russo
- Instituto Biológico Argentino S.A.I.C., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara L Russo
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Santiago Sosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Vilariño
- >CRIP -Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Linus Spatz
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa G Baumeister
- Servicio Virosis Respiratorias INEI-ANLIS Malbrán, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Respiratorias Virales, Centro Nacional de Influenza de OMS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Goldbaum
- Inmunova S.A., San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CRIP -Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Spatz L, Cappa SMG, de Núñez MO. Susceptibility of Wild Populations ofBiomphalariaspp. From Neotropical South America toSchistosoma mansoniand Interference ofZygocotyle lunata. J Parasitol 2012; 98:1291-5. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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6
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Ostrowski de Núñez M, Davies D, Spatz L. The life cycle of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda, Paramphistomoidea) in the subtropical region of South America. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2011.2.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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Vidigal THDA, Spatz L, Kissinger JC, Redondo RAF, Pires ECR, Simpson AJG, Carvalho OS. Analysis of the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of the ribosomal DNA in Biomphalaria tenagophila complex (Mollusca: Planorbidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:153-8. [PMID: 15250468 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first and second internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA of Biomphalaria tenagophila complex (B. tenagophila, B. occidentalis, and B. t. guaibensis) were sequenced and compared. The alignment lengths of these regions were about 655 bp and 481 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic relationships among the Biomphalaria species were inferred by Maximum Parsimony and Neighbor-joining methods. The phylogenetic trees produced, in most of the cases, were in accordance with morphological systematics and other molecular data previously obtained by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The present results provide support for the proposal that B. tenagophila represents a complex comprising B. tenagophila, B. occidentalis and B. t. guaibensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofânia H D A Vidigal
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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8
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Abstract
Biomphalaria peregrina was found to be naturally infected with cercariae of Zygocotyle lunata in a pond of the Zoological Garden of Buenos Aires. Mice and chicks were fed metacercariae and gravid adults recovered. Eggs recovered from mice feces were used for experimental infections. Laboratory-reared B. peregrina and 4 other Biomphaluria spp. were successfully infected with Z. lunata miracidia. Biomphaleria glabrata was refractory. Species of Helisoma, the only intermediate hosts of Z. lunata so far reported, have never been found in Argentina. Species of Biomphalaria may be intermediate hosts of Z lunata in the southern region of the Parana River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ostrowski de Núñez
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Peeva E, Grimaldi C, Spatz L, Diamond B. Bromocriptine restores tolerance in estrogen-treated mice. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:1373-9. [PMID: 11104790 PMCID: PMC381463 DOI: 10.1172/jci10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2000] [Accepted: 10/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen can modulate autoimmunity in certain models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, we have shown that it can mediate survival and activation of anti-DNA B cells in a mouse transgenic for the heavy chain of a pathogenic anti-DNA antibody. To identify whether estrogen effects reflect increased prolactin secretion, we characterized B-cell autoreactivity in transgenic mice given both bromocriptine (an inhibitor of prolactin secretion) and estradiol. Treatment of mice with estradiol plus bromocriptine led to reduced titers of anti-DNA antibodies and diminished IgG deposition in kidneys compared with treatment with estradiol alone. However, mice treated with estradiol plus bromocriptine showed an expansion of transgene-expressing B cells and enhanced Bcl-2 expression, similar to those of estradiol-treated mice. We identified anergic high-affinity anti-DNA B cells in mice treated with estradiol plus bromocriptine, and we showed by molecular analysis of anti-DNA hybridomas that their B cells derive from a naive repertoire. Thus, the estradiol-induced breakdown in B-cell tolerance can be abrogated by bromocriptine, which induces anergy in the high-affinity DNA-reactive B cells. These studies demonstrate that some of the effects of estrogen on naive autoreactive B cells require the presence of prolactin and, thus, suggest potential therapeutic interventions in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peeva
- Department of Medicine, and. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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10
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Spatz L, Vidigal TH, Silva MC, Cappa SM, Carvalho OS. Characterization of Biomphalaria orbignyi, Biomphalaria peregrina and Biomphalaria oligoza by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion of the internal transcribed spacer region of the RNA ribosomal gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:807-14. [PMID: 11080765 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct identification of Biomphalaria oligoza, B. orbignyi and B. peregrina species is difficult due to the morphological similarities among them. B. peregrina is widely distributed in South America and is considered a potential intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. We have reported the use of the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA for the molecular identification of these snails. The snails were obtained from different localities of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The restriction patterns obtained with MvaI enzyme presented the best profile to identify the three species. The profiles obtained with all enzymes were used to estimate genetic similarities among B. oligoza, B. peregrina and B. orbignyi. This is also the first report of B. orbignyi in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spatz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Abstract
One of the challenges in the study of autoimmunity is to understand which autoreactive cells are subject to regulation and what mechanisms of regulation are operative. In mice transgenic for the R4A-gamma2b heavy chain of an anti-double stranded (ds) DNA antibody, the gamma2b heavy chain can pair with the full spectrum of endogenous light chains to produce a multitude of antibodies, including anti-dsDNA antibodies of different affinities and fine specificities. We have previously demonstrated the existence of two populations of anti-DNA B cells in non-autoimmune hosts: a high-affinity population which is rendered anergic in vivo, and a second high-affinity population which is deleted. We have now identified a third population of dsDNA-binding B cells. These cells produce germ-line-encoded antibodies with an apparent affinity for dsDNA that is 1 to 4 logs lower than the apparent affinities of antibodies made by anergic or deleted B cells, and represent a non-tolerized population which escapes regulation. Based on its characterization, we can define a molecular threshold for tolerance induction, and can speculate on the fate of these B cells when they are recruited to an immune response and undergo somatic mutation to become high-affinity anti-DNA B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bynoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Vidigal TH, Dias Neto E, Spatz L, Nunes DN, Pires ER, Simpson AJ, Carvalho OS. Genetic variability and identification of the intermediate snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 93 Suppl 1:103-10. [PMID: 9921330 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies based on shell or reproductive organ morphology and genetic considerations suggest extensive intraspecific variation in Biomphalaria snails. The high variability at the morphological and genetic levels, as well as the small size of some specimens and similarities between species complicate the correct identification of these snails. Here we review our work using methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for analysis of genetic variation and identification of Biomphalaria snails from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Arbitrarily primed-PCR revealed that the genome of B. glabrata exhibits a remarkable degree of intraspecific polymorphism. Low stringency-PCR using primers for 18S rRNA permitted the identification of B. glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. occidentalis. The study of individuals obtained from geographically distinct populations exhibits significant intraspecific DNA polymorphism, however, specimens from the same species, exhibit some species specific LSPs. We also showed that PCR-restriction fragment of length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region of Biomphalaria rDNA, using Ddel permits the differentiation of the three intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. the molecular biological techniques used in our studies are very useful for the generation of new knowledge concerning the systematics and population genetics of Biomphalaria snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Vidigal
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spatz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Vidigal TH, Spatz L, Nunes DN, Simpson AJ, Carvalho OS, Dias Neto E. Biomphalaria spp: identification of the intermediate snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni by polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of the ribosomal RNA gene intergenic spacer. Exp Parasitol 1998; 89:180-7. [PMID: 9635441 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1998.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate hosts of S. mansoni in South America, B. glabrata, B. tenagophila, and B. straminea, were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. The restriction patterns obtained with DdeI were the most informative of the eight enzymes that were tried. The RFLP profiles obtained using this enzyme are highly distinctive and exhibit low levels of intraspecific polymorphism even between specimens collected from diverse regions of Brazil, Argentine, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The method proved useful for the identification of DNA extracted from eggs, permitting species identification while preserving the living adult specimens for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Vidigal
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
Two major mechanisms for the regulation of autoreactive B cells that arise in the bone marrow are functional silencing (anergy) and deletion. Studies to date suggest that low avidity interactions between B cells and autoantigen lead to B cell silencing, whereas high avidity interactions lead to deletion. Anti-double stranded (ds) DNA antibodies represent a pathogenic autospecificity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). An understanding of their regulation is critical to an understanding of SLE. We now demonstrate in a transgenic model in which mice express the heavy chain of a potentially pathogenic anti-DNA antibody that antibody affinity for dsDNA does not alone determine the fate of anti-dsDNA B cells. B cells making antibodies with similar affinities for dsDNA are regulated differently, depending on light chain usage. A major implication of this observation is that dsDNA may not be the self antigen responsible for cell fate determinations of anti-dsDNA B cells. Light chain usage may determine antigenic cross-reactivity, and cross-reactive antigens may regulate B cells that also bind dsDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spatz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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16
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Gaynor B, Putterman C, Valadon P, Spatz L, Scharff MD, Diamond B. Peptide inhibition of glomerular deposition of an anti-DNA antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1955-60. [PMID: 9050886 PMCID: PMC20024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.5.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to double-stranded DNA are pathognomonic of systemic lupus erythematosus and deposit in the kidneys of lupus patients to cause glomerulonephritis. Recent data suggest that a significant proportion of anti-DNA antibodies may cross-react with renal antigens and be sequestered in the kidney by virtue of this cross-reactivity. If this is true, antigenic competition for pathogenic antibodies might prevent their deposition in kidneys and the ensuing tissue damage. To generate surrogate antigens that could be used for this purpose, we have used peptide display phage libraries to identify peptides that react with R4A, a pathogenic mouse monoclonal anti-DNA antibody that deposits in glomeruli. We have demonstrated that the peptides bind in or near the double-stranded DNA binding site. Furthermore, the peptides are bound preferentially by the R4A antibody as compared with two closely related antibodies derived from it, one of which deposits in renal tubules and one of which displays no renal pathogenicity. Administration of one of these peptides in a soluble form protects mice from renal deposition of the R4A anti-DNA antibody in vivo. This represents a new therapeutic approach in systemic lupus erythematosus that focuses on protecting target organs from antibody mediated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gaynor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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17
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Spatz L, Iliev A, Saenko V, Jones L, Irigoyen M, Manheimer-Lory A, Gaynor B, Putterman C, Bynoe M, Kowal C, Kuo P, Newman J, Diamond B. Studies on the structure, regulation, and pathogenic potential of anti-dsDNA antibodies. Methods 1997; 11:70-8. [PMID: 8990091 DOI: 10.1006/meth.1996.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of anti-double-stranded (anti-ds)DNA antibodies have provided insights into how and why these antibodies arise in systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review we discuss the experimental approaches that have been used by our laboratory to study these autoantibodies. Structure/function analyses including site-directed mutagenesis have helped characterize the molecular genetics of anti-dsDNA antibodies, and more recently peptide libraries have been used to define molecular motifs that these antibodies bind. Most of the pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies observed in lupus are somatically mutated. We demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that anti-bacterial antibodies can mutate to acquire specificity for dsDNA. Furthermore, using a fusion partner constitutively expressing bcl-2, NSO(bcl-2), we have shown the existence of anergic or preapoptotic B cells making antibodies that cross-react with both bacterial antigen and dsDNA. Whether defects in the regulation of these antibodies might contribute to serum expression of anti-dsDNA antibodies in some individuals remains unknown. A major emphasis of this review is the regulation of anti-dsDNA antibodies in a transgenic mouse model harboring the gene for the heavy chain of a pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibody. Nonautoimmune transgenic mice effectively regulate autoreactive B cells by anergy and deletion, while their autoimmune counterparts do not. The vast majority of anergic B cells expressing high-affinity transgenic anti-dsDNA antibody fail to display allelic exclusion of the heavy chain. We postulate that this may be one mechanism that allows them to escape deletion. Comparative studies on light chain usage in both the autoimmune and the nonautoimmune transgenic mouse strains have demonstrated that within the autoreactive B-cell population, there are subsets that are differentially regulated. Ultimately transgenic animals making pathogenic autoantibodies may provide us with a system for testing novel therapies for autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spatz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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18
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Iliev A, Spatz L, Ray S, Diamond B. Lack of allelic exclusion permits autoreactive B cells to escape deletion. J Immunol 1994; 153:3551-6. [PMID: 7930577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The R4A-gamma 2b transgenic mouse harbors the gene for the gamma 2b heavy chain of an anti-dsDNA Ab. Approximately 80% of B cells expressing the transgene display allelic exclusion. Although the transgenic mice have little to no detectable serum anti-DNA activity, splenic B cells can be stimulated in vitro with LPS to secrete anti-DNA Ab. Hybridomas derived from LPS-stimulated splenic B cells were analyzed for expression of the transgene and for DNA binding. All nine transgene-encoded anti-DNA-producing lines were found to express an endogenous IgM heavy chain. Of 19 randomly selected lines producing a transgene-encoded non-DNA binding Ab, none expressed a second heavy chain. The tight correlation between lack of allelic exclusion and anti-dsDNA specificity provides strong support for the hypothesis that a major function of allelic exclusion is to prevent the maintenance of a pool of potentially activatable autoreactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iliev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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19
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Abstract
Abstract
The R4A-gamma 2b transgenic mouse harbors the gene for the gamma 2b heavy chain of an anti-dsDNA Ab. Approximately 80% of B cells expressing the transgene display allelic exclusion. Although the transgenic mice have little to no detectable serum anti-DNA activity, splenic B cells can be stimulated in vitro with LPS to secrete anti-DNA Ab. Hybridomas derived from LPS-stimulated splenic B cells were analyzed for expression of the transgene and for DNA binding. All nine transgene-encoded anti-DNA-producing lines were found to express an endogenous IgM heavy chain. Of 19 randomly selected lines producing a transgene-encoded non-DNA binding Ab, none expressed a second heavy chain. The tight correlation between lack of allelic exclusion and anti-dsDNA specificity provides strong support for the hypothesis that a major function of allelic exclusion is to prevent the maintenance of a pool of potentially activatable autoreactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iliev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - L Spatz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - S Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - B Diamond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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20
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Abstract
Nonautoimmune mice transgenic for the heavy chain of an IgG2b anti-double-stranded-DNA antibody express the transgene in lymphoid organs and display partial allelic exclusion of this gamma 2b transgene. The spleens of these mice are characterized by marked B-cell depletion. Although there are B cells in these mice that express the transgene and recognize double-stranded DNA, they are anergic in vivo. Recovery from the state of anergy occurs in vitro after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Thus this transgenic model demonstrates the induction of self tolerance to an IgG autoantibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Offen
- Department of Microbiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- R Henneberry
- Environmental Health Institute, Pittsfield, MA 01201
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22
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Lee KW, Inghirami G, Spatz L, Knowles DM, Latov N. The B-cells that express anti-MAG antibodies in neuropathy and non-malignant IgM monoclonal gammopathy belong to the CD5 subpopulation. J Neuroimmunol 1991; 31:83-8. [PMID: 1701449 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(91)90090-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cells that express monoclonal IgM anti-MAG antibodies (M-protein) in a patient with neuropathy and non-malignant IgM monoclonal gammopathy were studied by flow cytometry to determine if they bear the CD5 cell surface antigen. The CD5+ antigen is expressed on a subpopulation of B-cells which has been implicated in the secretion of autoantibodies and development of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). The monoclonal anti-MAG antibodies secreting B-cells were identified by a mouse monoclonal antibody to M-protein idiotype. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed that approximately 62% of the idiotype-positive B-lymphocytes expressed the CD5 antigen. The result of this study indicate that monoclonal anti-MAG antibodies may be secreted by CD5+ B-cells, and that B-cells in some cases of non-malignant IgM monoclonal gammopathy may be phenotypically similar to B-CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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23
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Desai R, Spatz L, Matsuda T, Ilyas AA, Berman JE, Alt FW, Kabat EA, Latov N. Molecular cloning of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (vh) region with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein activity. J Neuroimmunol 1990; 30:245. [PMID: 1699976 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Desai
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
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24
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Desai R, Spatz L, Matsuda T, Ilyas AA, Berman JE, Alt FW, Kabat EA, Latov N. Molecular cloning of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (VH) region with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein activity. J Neuroimmunol 1990; 26:35-41. [PMID: 1688442 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA clone that encodes the heavy chain variable region (VH) of an IgM M-protein with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) activity secreted by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (B-C11) from a patient with peripheral neuropathy was cloned and sequenced. The JH region was identical to the germline JH4 sequence except for deletion of a thymidine residue at the site of D-JH recombination, and the D region showed greatest homology to DM2. Sequence analysis of the VH region revealed greatest homology to VH26, a member of the VH3 gene family, but homology was only 83.7% over 326 bases, suggesting that it was derived from as yet an unidentified member of the VH3 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Desai
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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25
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Spatz L, Lieberson B, Abraham J, Miller OJ, Miller DA, Latov N. Generation of human B-cell hybridomas secreting monoclonal anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies from a patient with neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1987; 21:207-11. [PMID: 2435225 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410210217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human hybridomas that secrete monoclonal IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies were generated by fusion with cells from a patient with peripheral neuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Karyotypic analysis of the hybridoma cells revealed no chromosomal abnormalities. The cells were positive for cell-surface idiotype HLA-DR and the plasma cell antigen PCA-1, and negative for the B-cell determinant B4 and for Leu-1, which has been postulated to distinguish a subpopulation of B cells that secrete IgM with autoantibody activity.
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26
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Freddo L, Hays AP, Nickerson KG, Spatz L, McGinnis S, Lieberson R, Vedeler CA, Shy ME, Autilio-Gambetti L, Grauss FC. Monoclonal anti-DNA IgM kappa in neuropathy binds to myelin and to a conformational epitope formed by phosphatidic acid and gangliosides. J Immunol 1986; 137:3821-5. [PMID: 2431044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-DNA antibodies that cross-react with phosphorylated epitopes of other cellular constituents may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. An IgM monoclonal antibody from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and neuropathy bound to denatured DNA and immunostained myelin in peripheral nerve and spinal cord. The monoclonal IgM bound to ELISA microwells coated with a mixture of phosphatidic acid and gangliosides at serum dilutions of up to 1/100,000, but binding to phosphatidic acid alone was observed at dilutions of less than 1/100 only, and there was no binding to gangliosides alone. Incubation with micelles containing phosphatidic acid and gangliosides selectively absorbed the monoclonal IgM and inhibited its binding to denatured DNA and to myelin. These observations suggest that autoantibodies may bind to conformational epitopes formed by two separate molecules, and that autoantibodies that cross-react with phosphorylated epitopes in DNA and neural tissue could be involved in autoimmune neurologic diseases.
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27
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Freddo L, Hays AP, Nickerson KG, Spatz L, McGinnis S, Lieberson R, Vedeler CA, Shy ME, Autilio-Gambetti L, Grauss FC. Monoclonal anti-DNA IgM kappa in neuropathy binds to myelin and to a conformational epitope formed by phosphatidic acid and gangliosides. The Journal of Immunology 1986. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.137.12.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-DNA antibodies that cross-react with phosphorylated epitopes of other cellular constituents may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. An IgM monoclonal antibody from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and neuropathy bound to denatured DNA and immunostained myelin in peripheral nerve and spinal cord. The monoclonal IgM bound to ELISA microwells coated with a mixture of phosphatidic acid and gangliosides at serum dilutions of up to 1/100,000, but binding to phosphatidic acid alone was observed at dilutions of less than 1/100 only, and there was no binding to gangliosides alone. Incubation with micelles containing phosphatidic acid and gangliosides selectively absorbed the monoclonal IgM and inhibited its binding to denatured DNA and to myelin. These observations suggest that autoantibodies may bind to conformational epitopes formed by two separate molecules, and that autoantibodies that cross-react with phosphorylated epitopes in DNA and neural tissue could be involved in autoimmune neurologic diseases.
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Spatz L, Latov N. Secretions of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies by B cells from patients with neuropathy and nonmalignant monoclonal gammopathy. Cell Immunol 1986; 103:434-40. [PMID: 2433053 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(86)90103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four patients with peripheral neuropathy and nonmalignant monoclonal gammopathy with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies were studied to determine whether secretion of anti-MAG IgM antibodies by B cells was autonomous, or whether the monoclonal B cells were responsive to T cells. Secretion of anti-MAG IgM by isolated B cells was stimulated by the addition of increasing numbers of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-activated autologous OKT4+ helper T cells in all four patients. Secretion of anti-MAG IgM by peripheral blood lymphocytes was dependent on the ratio of OKT4+ T helper cells to OKT8+ T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. In three patients with an OKT4+ to OKT8+ T-cell ratio of 2:1, PWM activation stimulated secretion of anti-MAG IgM; in one patient with an OKT4+ to OKT8+ ratio of 1:2, activation by PWM suppressed anti-MAG IgM secretion. These studies suggest that the monoclonal B cells that secrete anti-MAG IgM are responsive to regulatory T cells.
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Friedman E, Nilaver G, Carmel P, Perlow M, Spatz L, Latov N. Myelination by transplanted fetal and neonatal oligodendrocytes in a dysmyelinating mutant. Brain Res 1986; 378:142-6. [PMID: 2427154 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination is a major feature of CNS injury and disease, including multiple sclerosis. To examine the potential for myelination by transplanted oligodendrocytes, initially described by Gumpel et al., we have transplanted neonatal cortex of mice with normal myelin into a dysmyelinating mutant, the shiverer mouse. We have found that oligodendrocyte precursors mature and synthesize myelin following transplantation. Immunostaining with antibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP), neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, demonstrates myelination both within the graft and extending out into the host, axonal sprouting from the graft which parallels the MBP-reactivity, and minimal astrocytic proliferation in response to the transplant.
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Latov N, Godfrey M, Thomas Y, Nobile-Orazio E, Spatz L, Abraham J, Perman G, Freddo L, Chess L. Neuropathy and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein IgM M proteins: T cell regulation of M protein secretion in vitro. Ann Neurol 1985; 18:182-8. [PMID: 2412486 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410180204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, individual clones of antibody-producing cells proliferate abnormally and secrete monoclonal antibodies or M proteins in excess. The cause of the monoclonal proliferation of lymphocytes and M protein secretion is unknown and it is not known whether the M protein-secreting B cells are autonomous or capable of responding to regulatory T cells. We carried out experiments using lymphocytes from a patient with neuropathy and plasma cell dyscrasia whose IgM M protein bound to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) to determine whether secretion of the M protein in vitro was responsive to T cell help or suppression. M protein secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for measuring anti-MAG IgM, and the number of M protein-secreting lymphocytes was enumerated by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay specific for the M protein idiotype. The patient's B cells were maximally stimulated by pokeweed mitogen-activated autologous OKT4+ T-helper cells and the helper effect was inhibited by OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Low levels of M protein secretion in the absence of T cells were also observed and there was partial stimulation of M protein secretion by T cells in the absence of pokeweed mitogen.
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Spatz L, Whitman L, Messito MJ, Nilaver G, Ginsberg S, Latov N. Measurement of myelin basic protein and of anti-basic protein antibodies by ELISA utilizing biotinylated antibodies. Immunol Commun 1983; 12:31-7. [PMID: 6194103 DOI: 10.3109/08820138309060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins were conjugated to peroxidase by the biotin-avidin method and used in ELISA systems for measuring myelin basic protein (MBP) and anti-MBP antibodies. To measure concentration of MBP, microplate wells were coated with affinity purified rabbit anti-MBP antibodies and incubated with varying concentrations of MBP. Bound antigen was measured by incubating with biotinylated anti-MBP antibodies and avidin-peroxidase. As little as 0.2 ng/ml of MBP could be measured by this assay. To measure anti-MBP antibodies, microplate wells were coated with human MBP and incubated with varying concentrations of affinity purified rabbit anti-human MBP antibodies. Binding was measured by incubating with either peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit antibodies or biotinylated anti-rabbit antibodies and avidin peroxidase. The two methods were equally sensitive. The avidin-biotin method for enzyme conjugation promises to be a useful and versatile tool for ELISA systems.
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Abstract
The authors have identified a group of subjects with neutrophilic hypersegmentation who are normal or near-normal with respect to other hematologic indices (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume). In a high proportion of these subjects, serum folate levels are abnormally low. In this group and a non-hypersegmented-neutrophil control group there was a significant negative correlation between average numbers of neutrophilic lobes and serum folate levels. In the subjects with hypersegmented neutrophils the predominant alteration is a shift from three-lobed to five-lobed neutrophils. It is believed that neutrophilic hypersegmentation can be a valuable adjunct in documenting and/or uncovering incipient folate deficiency.
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Strittmatter P, Spatz L, Corcoran D, Rogers MJ, Setlow B, Redline R. Purification and properties of rat liver microsomal stearyl coenzyme A desaturase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4565-9. [PMID: 4373719 PMCID: PMC433928 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.11.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal enzyme of the NADH-dependent stearyl coenzyme A desaturase system has been isolated from rat liver microsomes. This desaturase is a single polypeptide of 53,000 daltons containing 62% nonpolar amino-acid residues and one atom of non-heme iron. The purified protein forms high molecular weight aggregates that can be dispersed by detergent procedures. Desaturase activity requires NADH, stearyl coenzyme A, oxygen, lipid, and the three enzymes, cytochorme b(5) reductase (EC 1.6.2.2), cytochrome b(5), and desaturase. Cytochrome b(5) is the direct electron donor to the desaturase, which appears to utilize the iron in the oxidation-reduction sequence during desaturation of stearyl coenzyme A.
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Spatz L, Strittmatter P. A form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome b 5 reductase containing both the catalytic site and an additional hydrophobic membrane-binding segment. J Biol Chem 1973; 248:793-9. [PMID: 4346350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Strittmatter P, Rogers MJ, Spatz L. The binding of cytochrome b 5 to liver microsomes. J Biol Chem 1972; 247:7188-94. [PMID: 4404746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Spatz L, Strittmatter P. A form of cytochrome b5 that contains an additional hydrophobic sequence of 40 amino acid residues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:1042-6. [PMID: 4995819 PMCID: PMC389109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.5.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A species of cytochrome b(5) with a monomer molecular weight of 16,700 has been isolated from rabbit-liver microsomes by a procedure that uses detergents and avoids the use of any proteolytic or lipolytic enzymes. This detergent-extracted cytochrome b(5) is larger than the trypsin- or lipase-extracted enzyme, and appears to contain an extremely hydrophobic appendage of 40 amino acids, probably at the N-terminus. The hydrophobic character of the extra amino acid sequence leads to aggregation in the absence of detergents, and may be of considerable importance in the binding of the enzyme to microsomes. It is suggested that the hydrophilic portion of the cytochrome molecule, which bears the heme and is enzymatically functional, is oriented toward the surface of the membrane where it readily reacts with nonmicrosomal proteins, while the hydrophobic "tail" anchors the heme protein tightly to the membrane.
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