1
|
Joyal-Desmarais K, Stojanovic J, Kennedy EB, Enticott JC, Boucher VG, Vo H, Košir U, Lavoie KL, Bacon SL, Granana N, Losada AV, Boyle J, Shawon SR, Dawadi S, Teede H, Kautzky-Willer A, Dash A, Cornelio ME, Karsten M, Matte DL, Reichert F, Abou-Setta A, Aaron S, Alberga A, Barnett T, Barone S, Bélanger-Gravel A, Bernard S, Birch LM, Bondy S, Booij L, Da Silva RB, Bourbeau J, Burns R, Campbell T, Carlson L, Charbonneau É, Corace K, Drouin O, Ducharme F, Farhadloo M, Falk C, Fleet R, Fournier M, Garber G, Gauvin L, Gordon J, Grad R, Gupta S, Hellemans K, Herba C, Hwang H, Jedwab J, Kakinami L, Kim S, Liu J, Norris C, Pelaez S, Pilote L, Poirier P, Presseau J, Puterman E, Rash J, Ribeiro PAB, Sadatsafavi M, Chaudhuri PS, Suarthana E, Tse S, Vallis M, Caceres NB, Ortiz M, Repetto PB, Lemos-Hoyos M, Kassianos A, Rod NH, Beraneck M, Ninot G, Ditzen B, Kubiak T, Codjoe S, Kpobi L, Laar A, Skoura T, Francis DL, Devi NK, Meitei S, Nethan ST, Pinto L, Saraswathy KN, Tumu D, Lestari S, Wangge G, Byrne M, Durand H, McSharry J, Meade O, Molloy G, Noone C, Levine H, Zaidman-Zait A, Boccia S, Hoxhaj I, Paduano S, Raparelli V, Zaçe D, Aburub A, Akunga D, Ayah R, Barasa C, Godia PM, Kimani-Murage EW, Mutuku N, Mwoma T, Naanyu V, Nyamari J, Oburu H, Olenja J, Ongore D, Ziraba A, Bandawe C, Yim L, Ajuwon A, Shar NA, Usmani BA, Martínez RMB, Creed-Kanashiro H, Simão P, Rutayisire PC, Bari AZ, Vojvodic K, Nagyova I, Bantjes J, Barnes B, Coetzee B, Khagee A, Mothiba T, Roomaney R, Swartz L, Cho J, Lee MG, Berman A, Stattin NS, Fischer S, Hu D, Kara Y, Şimşek C, Üzmezoğlu B, Isunju JB, Mugisha J, Byrne-Davis L, Griffiths P, Hart J, Johnson W, Michie S, Paine N, Petherick E, Sherar L, Bilder RM, Burg M, Czajkowski S, Freedland K, Gorin SS, Holman A, Lee J, Lopez G, Naar S, Okun M, Powell L, Pressman S, Revenson T, Ruiz J, Sivaram S, Thrul J, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Yohannes A, Navani R, Ranakombu K, Neto DH, Ben-Porat T, Dragomir A, Gagnon-Hébert A, Gemme C, Jamil M, Käfer LM, Vieira AM, Tasbih T, Woods R, Yousefi R, Roslyakova T, Priesterroth L, Edelstein S, Snir R, Uri Y, Alyami M, Sanuade C, Crescenzi O, Warkentin K, Grinko K, Angne L, Jain J, Mathur N, Mithe A, Nethan S. How well do covariates perform when adjusting for sampling bias in online COVID-19 research? Insights from multiverse analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:1233-1250. [PMID: 36335560 PMCID: PMC9638233 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 research has relied heavily on convenience-based samples, which-though often necessary-are susceptible to important sampling biases. We begin with a theoretical overview and introduction to the dynamics that underlie sampling bias. We then empirically examine sampling bias in online COVID-19 surveys and evaluate the degree to which common statistical adjustments for demographic covariates successfully attenuate such bias. This registered study analysed responses to identical questions from three convenience and three largely representative samples (total N = 13,731) collected online in Canada within the International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation Study ( www.icarestudy.com ). We compared samples on 11 behavioural and psychological outcomes (e.g., adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures, vaccine intentions) across three time points and employed multiverse-style analyses to examine how 512 combinations of demographic covariates (e.g., sex, age, education, income, ethnicity) impacted sampling discrepancies on these outcomes. Significant discrepancies emerged between samples on 73% of outcomes. Participants in the convenience samples held more positive thoughts towards and engaged in more COVID-19 prevention behaviours. Covariates attenuated sampling differences in only 55% of cases and increased differences in 45%. No covariate performed reliably well. Our results suggest that online convenience samples may display more positive dispositions towards COVID-19 prevention behaviours being studied than would samples drawn using more representative means. Adjusting results for demographic covariates frequently increased rather than decreased bias, suggesting that researchers should be cautious when interpreting adjusted findings. Using multiverse-style analyses as extended sensitivity analyses is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keven Joyal-Desmarais
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada ,Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jovana Stojanovic
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada ,Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eric B. Kennedy
- Disaster and Emergency Management, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne C. Enticott
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia ,Monash Partners, Advanced Health Research and Translation Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hung Vo
- Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Urška Košir
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada ,Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kim L. Lavoie
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada ,Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon L. Bacon
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada ,Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
A preliminary cross-sectional study of 72 Hong Kong Chinese infants suggested that these infants learn to roll from supine-to-prone before rolling from prone-to-supine i.e. the opposite to teaching in most western texts. Three-hundred and sixty mothers were recruited postpartum and asked to record, on a chart, information related to the developmental milestone of rolling over for their infants (49% male) during the next 9 months. Telephone reminders were given at 4 and 8 months and, by the end of the study, information had been obtained from 240 mothers (67% of original sample, 51% male infants). Mean ages of rolling over were 5.1 months (SD1.5) for supine-to-prone and 5.7 months (SD1.3) for prone-to-supine. Age of rolling over from supine-to-prone was not influenced by usual sleep position, infant's sex, mother's intention to breastfeed infant, number of siblings, marital status, main daytime caregiver, or feeding method over 9 months. Hong Kong Chinese infants roll from supine-to-prone before they roll from prone-to-supine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A S Nelson
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yim L, Vandenbussche G, Mingorance J, Rueda S, Casanova M, Ruysschaert JM, Vicente M. Role of the carboxy terminus of Escherichia coli FtsA in self-interaction and cell division. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:6366-73. [PMID: 11053380 PMCID: PMC94782 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.22.6366-6373.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the carboxy terminus of the Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsA in bacterial division has been studied by making a series of short sequential deletions spanning from residue 394 to 420. Deletions as short as 5 residues destroy the biological function of the protein. Residue W415 is essential for the localization of the protein into septal rings. Overexpression of the ftsA alleles harboring these deletions caused a coiled cell phenotype previously described for another carboxy-terminal mutation (Gayda et al., J. Bacteriol. 174:5362-5370, 1992), suggesting that an interaction of FtsA with itself might play a role in its function. The existence of such an interaction was demonstrated using the yeast two-hybrid system and a protein overlay assay. Even these short deletions are sufficient for impairing the interaction of the truncated FtsA forms with the wild-type protein in the yeast two-hybrid system. The existence of additional interactions between FtsA molecules, involving other domains, can be postulated from the interaction properties shown by the FtsA deletion mutant forms, because although unable to interact with the wild-type and with FtsADelta1, they can interact with themselves and cross-interact with each other. The secondary structures of an extensive deletion, FtsADelta27, and the wild-type protein are indistinguishable when analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and moreover, FtsADelta27 retains the ability to bind ATP. These results indicate that deletion of the carboxy-terminal 27 residues does not alter substantially the structure of the protein and suggest that the loss of biological function of the carboxy-terminal deletion mutants might be related to the modification of their interacting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Yim
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chorpita BF, Yim L, Moffitt C, Umemoto LA, Francis SE. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behav Res Ther 2000; 38:835-55. [PMID: 10937431 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1079] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The practical significance of assessing disorders of emotion in children is well documented, yet few scales exist that possess conceptual if not empirical relevance to dimensions of DSM anxiety or depressive disorders. The current study evaluated an adaptation of a recently developed anxiety measure (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale; [Spence, S. H. (1997). Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: a confirmatory factor-analytic study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 280-297; Spence, S. H. (1998). A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 545-566]), revised to correspond to dimensions of several DSM-IV anxiety disorders as well as major depression. This investigation involved initial evaluation of the factorial validity of the revised measure in a school sample of 1641 children and adolescents and reliability and validity in an independent sample of 246 children and adolescents. Results yielded an item set and factor definitions that demonstrated structure consistent with DSM-IV anxiety disorders and depression. The revised factor structure and definitions were further supported by the reliability and validity analyses. Some implications for assessment of childhood anxiety and depressive disorders are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B F Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|