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Trogu T, Canziani S, Salvato S, Tolini C, Grilli G, Chiari M, Farioli M, Alborali L, Gaffuri A, Sala G, Bianchi A, Rosignoli C, Prati P, Gradassi M, Sozzi E, Lelli D, Lavazza A, Moreno A. Survey on the Presence of Viruses of Economic and Zoonotic Importance in Avifauna in Northern Italy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1957. [PMID: 34576852 PMCID: PMC8471648 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds play an important role in the circulation and spread of pathogens that are potentially zoonotic or of high economic impact on zootechnical production. They include, for example, West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which, despite having mostly an asymptomatic course in wild birds, have a strong impact on public health and zootechnical production. This study investigated the presence of these viruses in several wild bird species from North Italy during the biennium 2019-2020. Wild birds derived from 76 different species belonging to 20 orders. Out of 679 birds, 27 were positive for WNV (lineage 2) with a prevalence of 4%; all birds were negative for USUV; one gull was positive for H13N6 influenza virus, and 12 samples were positive for NDV with a prevalence of 2%. Despite the low prevalence observed, the analyses performed on these species provide further data, allowing a better understanding of the diffusion and evolution of diseases of both economic and zoonotic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Trogu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Sabrina Canziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Sara Salvato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Clara Tolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Guido Grilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Mario Chiari
- Direzione Generale Welfare, Regional Health Authority of Lombardy, 20124 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Farioli
- Direzione Generale Welfare, Regional Health Authority of Lombardy, 20124 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Gaffuri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Carlo Rosignoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Paola Prati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Matteo Gradassi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Enrica Sozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (T.T.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (E.S.); (D.L.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
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Corradi A, Ferrari M, Cantoni AM, Robotti C, Alborali L, Lecce RD, Candotti P, Sandri GP, Borghetti P. Study on the Virulence, Cell-mediated Immune Response and Histolesivity of Three Field PRRSV Strains with an ORF 5 Genetic Variation. Vet Res Commun 2015; 29 Suppl 2:241-3. [PMID: 16244965 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Corradi
- Department of Animal Health, Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy.
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Chiari M, Cortinovis C, Bertoletti M, Alborali L, Zanoni M, Ferretti E, Caloni F. Lead, cadmium and organochlorine pesticide residues in hunted red deer and wild boar from northern Italy. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1867-74. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1087058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chiari M, Ferrari N, Giardiello D, Avisani D, Pacciarini ML, Alborali L, Zanoni M, Boniotti MB. Spatiotemporal and Ecological Patterns of Mycobacterium microti Infection in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e381-8. [PMID: 25580561 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium microti has recently been described as the causative agent of tuberculosis-like lesions in wild boar (Sus scrofa), a reservoir specie of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in some European Mediterranean ecosystem. Through a five-year survey on tuberculosis in free-living wild boars, the epidemiological trend of M. microti infections and the host and population risk factors linked with its occurrence were described. Retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes of 3041 hunted wild boars from six different districts were macroscopically inspected. The sex and age of each animal were registered, as well as the animal abundance in each district. Lesions compatible with tuberculosis (190) were collected and analysed using a gyrB PCR-RFLP assay. M. microti was identified directly in 99 tissue samples (Prev = 3.26%; 95% CI: 2.67-3.97%), while neither Mycobacterium bovis, nor other members of the MTBC were detected. The probability of being M. microti positive showed spatio-temporal variability, with 26% of increase of risk of being infected for each year. Moreover, a positive effect of wild boar abundance and age on the prevalence was detected. The generalized increase in the European wild boar population, coupled with its sensitivity to M. microti infection, poses a future concern for the identification and management of MTBC members in wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - N Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Giardiello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - D Avisani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - M L Pacciarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - L Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - M Zanoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - M B Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
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Chiari M, Ferrari N, Zanoni M, Alborali L. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae temporal trends of infection and pathological effects in wild boar populations. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nassuato C, Boender GJ, Eblé PL, Alborali L, Bellini S, Hagenaars TJ. Spatial transmission of Swine Vesicular Disease virus in the 2006-2007 epidemic in Lombardy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62878. [PMID: 23667534 PMCID: PMC3647039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006 and 2007 pig farming in the region of Lombardy, in the north of Italy, was struck by an epidemic of Swine Vesicular Disease virus (SVDV). In fact this epidemic could be viewed as consisting of two sub-epidemics, as the reported outbreaks occurred in two separate time periods. These periods differed in terms of the provinces or municipalities that were affected and also in terms of the timing of implementation of movement restrictions. Here we use a simple mathematical model to analyse the epidemic data, quantifying between-farm transmission probability as a function of between-farm distance. The results show that the distance dependence of between-farm transmission differs between the two periods. In the first period transmission over relatively long distances occurred with higher probability than in the second period, reflecting the effect of movement restrictions in the second period. In the second period however, more intensive transmission occurred over relatively short distances. Our model analysis explains this in terms of the relatively high density of pig farms in the area most affected in this period, which exceeds a critical farm density for between-farm transmission. This latter result supports the rationale for the additional control measure taken in 2007 of pre-emptively culling farms in that area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nassuato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Gert Jan Boender
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CVI), Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Phaedra L. Eblé
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CVI), Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas J. Hagenaars
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CVI), Lelystad, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Benzoni G, Foresti F, Archetti IL, Coceva G, Guyonvarch A, Alborali L. Specific and non-specific immunity of piglets from sows fed diets containing specific fatty acids in field conditions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:996-1005. [PMID: 23176137 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of passive immunity from sows to piglets is important and it is the first immune protection of the new born piglet. Improving sows immunity by adding immuno-stimulating product in sows diet can positively affect colostrum composition and transfer of immune molecules to piglets. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the benefit of a different solution, made of specific fatty acids from marine origin that have been used in human medicine for decades, for sows and piglets. Two trials were conducted in commercial farm, involving 240 sows at different periods of the year. Sows were divided in a control group, without supplementation, and a test group, supplemented with the feed additive from the 90th day of gestation to weaning. Sows body condition, piglets viability and growth were recorded. Milk immunoglobulin content was measured, as well as Aujeszky antibodies in sows and piglets blood as marker of specific immunity, and blood bactericidal activity, complement activity and lysozyme as markers of non specific immunity. No effect of the product was observed on piglets zootechnical criteria and specific immunity parameters but significant improvement of piglet non specific immunity, was observed. No difference was observed neither in the piglets blood PRRSV and PCV2 antibodies and viruses nor in Aujeszky antibodies. Blood complement activity seems to be an accurate indicator of immuno-stimulating additive efficiency. Giving alkyl-glycerol fatty acids to sows in late gestation and lactation can improve the passive immunity transfer to piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Benzoni
- In Vivo NSA, Vannes, France DVM, Bergamo, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy GKL, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Foresti
- In Vivo NSA, Vannes, France DVM, Bergamo, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy GKL, Bologna, Italy
| | - I L Archetti
- In Vivo NSA, Vannes, France DVM, Bergamo, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy GKL, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Coceva
- In Vivo NSA, Vannes, France DVM, Bergamo, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy GKL, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Guyonvarch
- In Vivo NSA, Vannes, France DVM, Bergamo, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy GKL, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Alborali
- In Vivo NSA, Vannes, France DVM, Bergamo, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy GKL, Bologna, Italy
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Bellini S, Alborali L, Zanardi G, Bonazza V, Brocchi E. Swine vesicular disease in northern Italy: diffusion through densely populated pig areas. REV SCI TECH OIE 2011; 29:639-48. [PMID: 21309461 DOI: 10.20506/rst.29.3.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
At the end of 2006, a recrudescence of swine vesicular disease (SVD) was recorded in Italy and the disease spread widely throughout the northern regions. Lombardy, a densely populated pig area, was most affected and the presence of the disease caused heavy economic losses to the entire pig industry. Although SVD is considered only moderately contagious, the epidemic in the north was characterised by a rapid spread of the condition. Numerous difficulties were encountered in eradicating it. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the population of pigs in Lombardy, concentrated mainly in a few areas which were the most severely affected during the 2006 to 2007 SVD epidemic. Increases in both the pig population and animal movements, combined with weak biosecurity measures, increased the spread rate of the disease and hampered eradication activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellini
- Italian Reference Centre for Vesicular Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Vesicular Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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Moreno A, Di Trani L, Alborali L, Vaccari G, Barbieri I, Falcone E, Sozzi E, Puzelli S, Ferri G, Cordioli P. First Pandemic H1N1 Outbreak from a Pig Farm in Italy. Open Virol J 2010; 4:52-6. [PMID: 20648221 PMCID: PMC2905772 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901004010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first outbreak of the pandemic H1N1 virus in a swine breeder farm in Italy in November 2009 was reported. Clinical signs observed in sows included fever, depression, anorexia and agalactia, while in piglets diarrhoea and weight loss. The morbidity in sows was approximately 30% and the accumulated mortality rate was similar with those usually reported in piggeries (<10%). Virus was isolated from piglets (A/Sw/It/290271/09) and the sequencing of the whole genome was then performed. Comparison with all (H1N1)v sequences available in GenBank shows A/Sw/It/290271/09 three unique amino-acid (aa) changes in PB2 (S405T), PB1 (K386R) and PA (K256Q), not yet associated to any well characterized phenotype markers of Influenza viruses. All eight aa at positions representing the so-called species specific swine-human signatures, found in both swine and in the pandemic H1N1v, are also present. The M2 protein displays the C55F and the PA protein the S409N substitutions, both corresponding to enhanced transmission phenotype markers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus was genetically related to the pandemic H1N1 virus. In addition, serological samples were collected from 40 sows, of which 20 resulted positive to the pandemic H1N1 virus by HI test proving a virus circulation in the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
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Sarli G, Ostanello F, Morandi F, Fusaro L, Gnudi M, Bacci B, Nigrelli A, Alborali L, Dottori M, Vezzoli F, Barigazzi G, Fiorentini L, Sala V, Leotti G, Joisel F. Application of a protocol for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Italy. Vet Rec 2009; 164:519-23. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.17.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Bologna; Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - F. Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Bologna; Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - F. Morandi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Bologna; Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - L. Fusaro
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Bologna; Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - M. Gnudi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Bologna; Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - B. Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Bologna; Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - A. Nigrelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Libertini’ (IZSLER) - Section of Mantova; Strada Circonvallazione Sud 21/A 46100 Mantova Italy
| | - L. Alborali
- IZSLER - Section of Brescia; Via A. Bianchi 9 25124 Brescia Italy
| | - M. Dottori
- IZSLER - Section of Reggio Emilia; Via Pitagora 2 42100 Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - F. Vezzoli
- IZSLER - Section of Lodi; Via Einstein Loc. C. na Codazza 26900 Lodi Italy
| | - G. Barigazzi
- IZSLER - Section of Parma; Via dei Mercati 13/A 43100 Parma Italy
| | - L. Fiorentini
- IZSLER - Section of Forlì; Via Marchini 1 47100 Forlì-Cesena Italy
| | - V. Sala
- Department of Animal Pathology; Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health; School of Veterinary Medicine; Università di Milano; Via CEloria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - G. Leotti
- Merial Italia Spa; Strada 6, Palazzo E/5, 200090 Milanofiori, Assago Milano Italy
| | - F. Joisel
- Merial International; 29 av Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
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Harouna A, Zecchini M, Locatelli C, Scaccabarozzi L, Cattaneo C, Amadou A, Bronzo V, Marichatou H, Boettcher PJ, Zanoni MG, Alborali L, Moroni P. Milk hygiene and udder health in the periurban area of Hamdallaye, Niger. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:705-10. [PMID: 19003425 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of intra-mammary infections in dairy herds was studied in Hamdallaye, Niger. A total of 956 milk samples were collected in 2007 from 239 lactating cows of four local breeds in eight traditional herds; the first sampling was undertaken in the dry season at morning milking, and the second in the rainy season at evening milking. Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and environmental microorganisms were detected in significantly (p < 0.05) more samples in the rainy season, 55.2%, than in the dry season, 27.1%. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in prevalence were observed among herds and according to lactation number. Infections were assigned to four classes, according to the major pathogen, and the respective mean somatic cell counts during the dry season were: S. aureus, 775 x 10(3) cells/ml; CNS, 447 x 10(3) cells/ml; environmental microorganisms, 407 x 10(3) cells/ml; and non-infected, 262 x 10(3) cells/ml. Most of the tested strains were sensitive to antibiotics, and selected strains of S. aureus (n = 15) were negative to the multiplex PCR tests for production of enterotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harouna
- Department of Animal Science, University of Milan, Italy.
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12
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Losio MN, Lodetti E, Alborali L, Tosi G, Buonavoglia C. A study on the long-term immunity induced by La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus grown in a BS/BEK cell line of bovine embryo kidney origin. Avian Pathol 2008; 27:28-32. [PMID: 18483962 DOI: 10.1080/03079459808419271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-day-old susceptible chickens were divided into three groups; two were vaccinated with inactivated, water in oil emulsified La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) obtained from a bovine embryo kidney (BS/BEK) cell line and from chicken embryos, respectively. The third unvaccinated group represented the control. At 30-day intervals subgroups were exposed to the Herts 33 virulent NDV strain. Serological and clinical findings showed no appreciable difference in the immunogenicity of the antigen from either culture systems and no significant differences could be observed in its ability to protect against ND challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Losio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Pisoni G, Locatelli C, Alborali L, Rosignoli C, Allodi S, Riccaboni P, Grieco V, Moroni P. Short communication: Outbreak of Nocardia neocaledoniensis mastitis in an Italian dairy herd. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:136-9. [PMID: 18096934 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nocardia spp. are an uncommon cause of mastitis, and outbreaks have typically been reported in dairy farms with poor hygienic and management conditions. The outbreak described herein involved a dairy farm with 43 lactating cows that, after a long period with low bulk milk somatic cell counts (<180,000 cells/mL), experienced an increasing incidence of clinical mastitis with bulk milk somatic cell counts greater than 300,000 cells/mL. Fifteen mastitic quarters milk samples from 9 dairy cows were found to be infected by a member of the genus Nocardia, as identified on the basis of selected phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. The isolates were confirmed as Nocardia neocaledoniensis by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Average quarter milk somatic cell count for infected udders was 863,057 cells/mL, significantly greater than the average value in noninfected quarters (189,710 cells/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pisoni
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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14
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Losio MN, Gualandi GL, Alborali L, Bergonzini P. A study on the characteristics of La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus adapted to grow in a cell line from bovine embryo kidney (BS/BEK). Avian Pathol 2007; 24:611-21. [DOI: 10.1080/03079459508419101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Zanardi G, Tamba M, Macchi C, Alborali L, Guadagnini P. Evaluation of Italian Aujeszky's disease control programme in two regions of northern Italy in 1997. Vet Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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