1
|
Sayegh M, Ni QQ, Ranawana V, Raikos V, Hayward NJ, Hayes HE, Duncan G, Cantlay L, Farquharson F, Solvang M, Horgan GW, Louis P, Russell WR, Clegg M, Thies F, Neacsu M. Habitual consumption of high-fibre bread fortified with bean hulls increased plasma indole-3-propionic concentration and decreased putrescine and deoxycholic acid faecal concentrations in healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1521-1536. [PMID: 36847278 PMCID: PMC10551484 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Only 6 to 8 % of the UK adults meet the daily recommendation for dietary fibre. Fava bean processing lead to vast amounts of high-fibre by-products such as hulls. Bean hull fortified bread was formulated to increase and diversify dietary fibre while reducing waste. This study assessed the bean hull: suitability as a source of dietary fibre; the systemic and microbial metabolism of its components and postprandial events following bean hull bread rolls. Nine healthy participants (53·9 ± 16·7 years) were recruited for a randomised controlled crossover study attending two 3 days intervention sessions, involving the consumption of two bread rolls per day (control or bean hull rolls). Blood and faecal samples were collected before and after each session and analysed for systemic and microbial metabolites of bread roll components using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC analysis. Satiety, gut hormones, glucose, insulin and gastric emptying biomarkers were also measured. Two bean hull rolls provided over 85 % of the daily recommendation for dietary fibre; but despite being a rich source of plant metabolites (P = 0·04 v. control bread), these had poor systemic bioavailability. Consumption of bean hull rolls for 3 days significantly increased plasma concentration of indole-3-propionic acid (P = 0·009) and decreased faecal concentration of putrescine (P = 0·035) and deoxycholic acid (P = 0·046). However, it had no effect on postprandial plasma gut hormones, bacterial composition and faecal short chain fatty acids amount. Therefore, bean hulls require further processing to improve their bioactives systemic availability and fibre fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Sayegh
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Qian Qian Ni
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Vassilios Raikos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Helen E. Hayes
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gary Duncan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Louise Cantlay
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Michael Solvang
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graham W. Horgan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
- BIOSS Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Petra Louis
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Miriam Clegg
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK
| | - Frank Thies
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Madalina Neacsu
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neacsu M, Vaughan NJ, Multari S, Haljas E, Scobbie L, Duncan GJ, Cantlay L, Fyfe C, Anderson S, Horgan G, Johnstone AM, Russell WR. Hemp and buckwheat are valuable sources of dietary amino acids, beneficially modulating gastrointestinal hormones and promoting satiety in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1057-1072. [PMID: 34716790 PMCID: PMC8854285 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the postprandial effects following consumption of buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp and lupin compared to meat (beef); focussing on biomarkers of satiety, gut hormones, aminoacids and plant metabolites bioavailability and metabolism. Methods Ten subjects (n = 3 men; n = 7 women; 42 ± 11.8 years of age; BMI 26 ± 5.8 kg/m2) participated in six 1-day independent acute interventions, each meal containing 30 g of protein from buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp, lupin and meat (beef). Blood samples were collected during 24-h and VAS questionnaires over 5-h. Results Volunteers consumed significantly higher amounts of most amino acids from the meat meal, and with few exceptions, postprandial composition of plasma amino acids was not significantly different after consuming the plant-based meals. Buckwheat meal was the most satious (300 min hunger scores, p < 0.05).Significant increase in GLP-1 plasma (AUC, iAUC p = 0.01) found after hemp compared with the other plant-based meals. Decreased plasma ghrelin concentrations (iAUC p < 0.05) found on plant (hemp) vs. meat meal. Several plasma metabolites after hemp meal consumption were associated with hormone trends (partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA): 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, indole 3-pyruvic acid, 5-hydoxytryptophan, genistein and biochanin A with GLP-1, PYY and insulin; 3-hydroxymandelic acid and luteolidin with GLP-1 and ghrelin and 4-hydroxymandelic acid, benzoic acid and secoisolariciresinol with insulin and ghrelin. Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), (iAUC, p < 0.001); and phenylalanine and tyrosine (iAUC, p < 0.05) were lower after buckwheat comparison with meat meal. Conclusion Plants are valuable sources of amino acids which are promoting satiety. The impact of hemp and buckwheat on GLP-1 and, respectively, BCAAs should be explored further as could be relevant for aid and prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Study registered with clinicaltrial.gov on 12th July 2013, study ID number: NCT01898351. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02711-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Neacsu
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Vaughan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Salvatore Multari
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Elisabeth Haljas
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Lorraine Scobbie
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Gary J Duncan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Louise Cantlay
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Claire Fyfe
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Anderson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Wendy R Russell
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neacsu M, McMonagle J, Fletcher RJ, Hulshof T, Duncan SH, Scobbie L, Duncan GJ, Cantlay L, Horgan G, de Roos B, Duthie GG, Russell WR. Availability and dose response of phytophenols from a wheat bran rich cereal product in healthy human volunteers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27356494 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Phytophenols present in cereals are metabolised to compounds that could be partly responsible for the reduced risk of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality associated with fibre-rich diets. The bioavailability, form and in vivo concentrations of these metabolites require to be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight healthy volunteers consumed a test meal containing a recommended dose (40 g) and high dose (120 g) of ready-to-eat wheat bran cereal and the systemic and colonic metabolites determined quantitatively by LC-MS. CONCLUSION Analysis of the systemic metabolomes demonstrated that a wide range of phytophenols were absorbed/excreted (43 metabolites) within 5 h of consumption. These included 16 of the 21 major parent compounds identified in the intervention product and several of these were also found to be significantly increased in the colon. Not all of the metabolites were increased with the higher dose, suggesting some limitation in absorption due to intrinsic factors and/or the food matrix. Many compounds identified (e.g. ferulic acid and major metabolites) exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and impact on redox pathways. The combination of postprandial absorption and delivery to the colon, as well as hepatic recycling of the metabolites at these concentrations, is likely to be beneficial to both systemic and gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Neacsu
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Jolene McMonagle
- Kellogg Europe Trading Limited, Lakeshore Drive, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - Reg J Fletcher
- Kellogg Europe Trading Limited, Lakeshore Drive, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - Toine Hulshof
- Kellogg Europe Trading Limited, Lakeshore Drive, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvia H Duncan
- Microbial Ecology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Scobbie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J Duncan
- Scientific Services, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Cantlay
- Scientific Services, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Baukje de Roos
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Multari S, Neacsu M, Scobbie L, Cantlay L, Duncan G, Vaughan N, Stewart D, Russell WR. Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of High-Protein Crops. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:7800-7811. [PMID: 27299956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable sources of high-protein plants could help meet future protein requirements. Buckwheat, green pea, fava bean, hemp, and lupin were analyzed by proximate analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine their macro- and micronutrient contents, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the phytochemical profiles. The protein contents ranged from 20 to 43% (w/w), and all samples were found to be rich in insoluble fiber: 9-25% (w/w). The selected crops had a favorable micronutrient profile, with phosphorus levels ranging from 2.22 ± 0.05 to 9.72 ± 0.41 g kg-1, while iron levels ranged from 20.23 ± 0.86 to 69.57 ± 7.43 mg kg-1. The crops contained substantial amounts of phytophenolic compounds. In particular, buckwheat was a rich source of pelargonidin (748.17 ± 75.55 mg kg-1), epicatechin (184.1 ± 33.2 mg kg-1), quercetin (35.66 ± 2.22 mg kg-1), caffeic acid (41.74 ± 22.54 mg kg-1), and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (63.64 ± 36.16 mg kg-1); hemp contained p-coumaric acid (84.02 ± 8.10 mg kg-1), cyanidin (58.43 ± 21.01 mg kg-1), protocatechualdehyde (34.77 ± 5.15 mg kg-1), and gentisic acid (31.20 ± 1.67 mg kg-1); and fava bean was the richest source of ferulic acid (229.51 ± 36.58 mg kg-1) and its 5-5' (39.99 ± 1.10 mg kg-1) and 8-5 dimers (58.17 ± 6.68 mg kg-1). Demonstrating that these crops are rich sources of protein, fiber, and phytochemicals could encourage higher consumption and utilization of them as healthy and sustainable ingredients in the food and drink industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, U.K
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duthie SJ, Beattie JH, Gordon MJ, Pirie LP, Nicol F, Reid MD, Duncan GJ, Cantlay L, Horgan G, McNeil CJ. Nutritional B vitamin deficiency alters the expression of key proteins associated with vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in the aorta of atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E null mice. Genes Nutr 2014; 10:446. [PMID: 25446494 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low B vitamin status is linked with human vascular disease. We employed a proteomic and biochemical approach to determine whether nutritional folate deficiency and/or hyperhomocysteinemia altered metabolic processes linked with atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice. Animals were fed either a control fat (C; 4 % w/w lard) or a high-fat [HF; 21 % w/w lard and cholesterol (0/15 % w/w)] diet with different B vitamin compositions for 16 weeks. Aorta tissue was prepared and global protein expression, B vitamin, homocysteine and lipoprotein status measured. Changes in the expression of aorta proteins were detected in response to multiple B vitamin deficiency combined with a high-fat diet (P < 0.05) and were strongly linked with lipoprotein concentrations measured directly in the aorta adventitia (P < 0.001). Pathway analysis revealed treatment effects in the aorta-related primarily to cytoskeletal organisation, smooth muscle cell adhesion and invasiveness (e.g., fibrinogen, moesin, transgelin, vimentin). Combined B vitamin deficiency induced striking quantitative changes in the expression of aorta proteins in atherosclerotic ApoE null mice. Deregulated expression of these proteins is associated with human atherosclerosis. Cellular pathways altered by B vitamin status included cytoskeletal organisation, cell differentiation and migration, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms through which B vitamin deficiency may accelerate atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vodovnik M, Duncan SH, Reid MD, Cantlay L, Turner K, Parkhill J, Lamed R, Yeoman CJ, Miller MEB, White BA, Bayer EA, Marinšek-Logar R, Flint HJ. Expression of cellulosome components and type IV pili within the extracellular proteome of Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65333. [PMID: 23750253 PMCID: PMC3672088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminococcus flavefaciens is an important fibre-degrading bacterium found in the mammalian gut. Cellulolytic strains from the bovine rumen have been shown to produce complex cellulosome structures that are associated with the cell surface. R. flavefaciens 007 is a highly cellulolytic strain whose ability to degrade dewaxed cotton, but not Avicel cellulose, was lost following initial isolation in the variant 007S. The ability was recovered after serial subculture to give the cotton-degrading strain 007C. This has allowed us to investigate the factors required for degradation of this particularly recalcitrant form of cellulose. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The major proteins associated with the bacterial cell surface and with the culture supernatant were analyzed for R. flavefaciens 007S and 007C grown with cellobiose, xylan or Avicel cellulose as energy sources. Identification of the proteins was enabled by a draft genome sequence obtained for 007C. Among supernatant proteins a cellulosomal GH48 hydrolase, a rubrerthyrin-like protein and a protein with type IV pili N-terminal domain were the most strongly up-regulated in 007C cultures grown on Avicel compared with cellobiose. Strain 007S also showed substrate-related changes, but supernatant expression of the Pil protein and rubrerythrin in particular were markedly lower in 007S than in 007C during growth on Avicel. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new information on the extracellular proteome of R. flavefaciens and its regulation in response to different growth substrates. Furthermore it suggests that the cotton cellulose non-degrading strain (007S) has altered regulation of multiple proteins that may be required for breakdown of cotton cellulose. One of these, the type IV pilus was previously shown to play a role in adhesion to cellulose in R. albus, and a related pilin protein was identified here for the first time as a major extracellular protein in R. flavefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maša Vodovnik
- Chair for Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia H. Duncan
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D. Reid
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Cantlay
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Turner
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raphael Lamed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Carl J. Yeoman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Margret E. Berg. Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. White
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Bayer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Romana Marinšek-Logar
- Chair for Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Harry J. Flint
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neacsu M, McMonagle J, Fletcher RJ, Scobbie L, Duncan GJ, Cantlay L, de Roos B, Duthie GG, Russell WR. Bound phytophenols from ready-to-eat cereals: comparison with other plant-based foods. Food Chem 2013; 141:2880-6. [PMID: 23871037 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Whole-grain diets are linked to reduced risk of several chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, diabetes, metabolic syndrome) and all-cause mortality. There is increasing evidence that these benefits are associated with the gut microbiota and that release of fibre-related phenolic metabolites in the gut is a contributing factor. Additional sources of these metabolites include fruits and vegetables, but the evidence for their protective effects is less well established. With respect to the availability of bound phytophenols, ready-to-eat cereals are compared with soft fruits (considered rich in antioxidants) and other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables. The results demonstrated that when compared with an equivalent serving of fruits or vegetables, a recommended portion of whole-grain cereals deliver substantially higher amounts of bound phytophenols, which are available for metabolism in the colon. The increased amount of these phenolic metabolites may, in part, explain the evidence for the protective effects of whole-grain cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Neacsu
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Russell WR, Duncan SH, Scobbie L, Duncan G, Cantlay L, Calder AG, Anderson SE, Flint HJ. Major phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites in the human gut can arise from microbial fermentation of protein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:523-35. [PMID: 23349065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Plant secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids are commonly associated with benefits for human health. Two of the most abundant phenylpropanoid-derived compounds detected in human faecal samples are phenylacetic acid (PAA) and 4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid (4-hydroxyPAA). Although they have the potential to be derived from diets rich in plant-based foods, evidence suggests that these compounds can be derived from the microbial fermentation of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in the colon. METHODS AND RESULTS To identify the bacteria responsible, 26 strains representing 25 of the dominant human colonic species were screened for phenyl metabolite formation. Seven strains produced significant amounts of both PAA and 4-hydroxyPAA. These included five out of seven Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Parabacteroides distasonis), and two out of 17 Firmicutes (Eubacterium hallii and Clostridium bartlettii). These species also produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the corresponding tryptophan metabolite, but C. bartlettii showed 100 times higher IAA production than the other six strains. Four strains were further tested and PAA formation was substantially increased by phenylalanine, 4-hydroxyPAA by tyrosine and IAA by tryptophan. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that certain microbial species have the ability to ferment all three AAAs and that protein fermentation is the likely source of major phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites in the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Russell
- Molecular Nutrition Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beattie JH, Nicol F, Gordon MJ, Reid MD, Cantlay L, Horgan GW, Kwun IS, Ahn JY, Ha TY. Ginger phytochemicals mitigate the obesogenic effects of a high-fat diet in mice: a proteomic and biomarker network analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S203-13. [PMID: 21954187 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Natural dietary anti-obesogenic phytochemicals may help combat the rising global incidence of obesity. We aimed to identify key hepatic pathways targeted by anti-obsogenic ginger phytochemicals fed to mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaning mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 6-gingerol (HFG), zerumbone (HFZ), a characterized rhizome extract of the ginger-related plant Alpinia officinarum Hance (high fat goryankang, HFGK) or no phytochemicals (high-fat control, HFC) for 6 wks and were compared with mice on a low-fat control diet (LFC). Increased adiposity in the HFC group, compared with the LFC group, was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the HFG and HFGK groups without food intake being affected. Correlation network analysis, including a novel residuals analysis, was utilized to investigate relationships between liver proteomic data, lipid and cholesterol biomarkers and physiological indicators of adiposity. 6-Gingerol significantly increased plasma cholesterol but hepatic farnesyl diphosphate synthetase, which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis was decreased, possibly by negative feedback. Acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 and enoyl CoA hydratase, which participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) increased by consumption of phytochemical-supplemented diets. CONCLUSION Dietary ginger phytochemicals target cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in mice, with anti-obesogenic but also hypercholesterolemic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Beattie
- Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Johnston JH, Cantlay L, Cormack JD. Self-poisoning in a military community from 1976-1977. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 1980; 126:88-91. [PMID: 7452556 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-126-02-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|