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Pelleau S, Woudenberg T, Rosado J, Donnadieu F, Garcia L, Obadia T, Gardais S, Elgharbawy Y, Velay A, Gonzalez M, Nizou JY, Khelil N, Zannis K, Cockram C, Merkling SH, Meola A, Kerneis S, Terrier B, de Seze J, Planas D, Schwartz O, Dejardin F, Petres S, von Platen C, Pellerin SF, Arowas L, de Facci LP, Duffy D, Cheallaigh CN, Dunne J, Conlon N, Townsend L, Duong V, Auerswald H, Pinaud L, Tondeur L, Backovic M, Hoen B, Fontanet A, Mueller I, Fafi-Kremer S, Bruel T, White M. Kinetics of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response and Serological Estimation of Time Since Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1489-1499. [PMID: 34282461 PMCID: PMC8420633 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a complex antibody response that varies by orders of magnitude between individuals and over time. METHODS We developed a multiplex serological test for measuring antibodies to 5 SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the spike proteins of seasonal coronaviruses. We measured antibody responses in cohorts of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers followed for up to 11 months after symptoms. A mathematical model of antibody kinetics was used to quantify the duration of antibody responses. Antibody response data were used to train algorithms for estimating time since infection. RESULTS One year after symptoms, we estimate that 36% (95% range, 11%-94%) of anti-Spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) remains, 31% (95% range, 9%-89%) anti-RBD IgG remains, and 7% (1%-31%) of anti-nucleocapsid IgG remains. The multiplex assay classified previous infections into time intervals of 0-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months. This method was validated using data from a seroprevalence survey in France, demonstrating that historical SARS-CoV-2 transmission can be reconstructed using samples from a single survey. CONCLUSIONS In addition to diagnosing previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, multiplex serological assays can estimate the time since infection, which can be used to reconstruct past epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pelleau
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jason Rosado
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Donnadieu
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Garcia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Soazic Gardais
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Elgharbawy
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Velay
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Immuno-Rhumathologie moléculaire Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Pathologies Professionnelles, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Cockram
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Hélène Merkling
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology and French National Center for Scientific Research Unité Mixte de Recherche 2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Meola
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology and French National Center for Scientific Research Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Solen Kerneis
- Equipe de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution, Paris, France
- Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre, Université de Paris, Paris,France
- Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Inserm U970, Paris, France
| | - Jerome de Seze
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC-1434, Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Dejardin
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Petres
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Arowas
- Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Louise Perrin de Facci
- Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Jean Dunne
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Liam Townsend
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh,Cambodia
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh,Cambodia
| | - Laurie Pinaud
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marija Backovic
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology and French National Center for Scientific Research Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Direction de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche Translationelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Immuno-Rhumathologie moléculaire Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Michael White
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Le Vu S, Jones G, Anna F, Rose T, Richard JB, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Goyard S, Demeret C, Helynck O, Escriou N, Gransagne M, Petres S, Robin C, Monnet V, Perrin de Facci L, Ungeheuer MN, Léon L, Guillois Y, Filleul L, Charneau P, Lévy-Bruhl D, van der Werf S, Noel H. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in France: results from nationwide serological surveillance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3025. [PMID: 34021152 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.20.20213116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections is critical for monitoring the course and extent of the COVID-19 epidemic. Here, we report estimated seroprevalence in the French population and the proportion of infected individuals who developed neutralising antibodies at three points throughout the first epidemic wave. Testing 11,000 residual specimens for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralising antibodies, we find nationwide seroprevalence of 0.41% (95% CI: 0.05-0.88) mid-March, 4.14% (95% CI: 3.31-4.99) mid-April and 4.93% (95% CI: 4.02-5.89) mid-May 2020. Approximately 70% of seropositive individuals have detectable neutralising antibodies. Infection fatality rate is 0.84% (95% CI: 0.70-1.03) and increases exponentially with age. These results confirm that the nationwide lockdown substantially curbed transmission and that the vast majority of the French population remained susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2020. Our study shows the progression of the first epidemic wave and provides a framework to inform the ongoing public health response as viral transmission continues globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Le Vu
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Gabrielle Jones
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - François Anna
- Unit of Molecular Virology and Vaccinology, Virology Department, Theravectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Rose
- Unit of Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Immunology Department, INSERM 1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Goyard
- Unit of Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Immunology Department, INSERM 1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, University of Paris-Diderot, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Unit of Chemistry and Biocatalysis, UMR 3523 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Escriou
- Innovation Laboratory: Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gransagne
- Innovation Laboratory: Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Petres
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Robin
- Cerba Healthcare Division, Cerba Xpert, St Ouen L'Aumone, France
| | - Virgile Monnet
- Eurofins Biomnis Sample Library, Eurofins Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - Louise Perrin de Facci
- ICAReB Biobanking Platform, Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer
- ICAReB Biobanking Platform, Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Léon
- Regional Office-French Caribbean, Santé publique France, Gourbeyre, France
| | | | - Laurent Filleul
- Regional Office-Nouvelle Aquitaine, Santé publique France, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Unit of Molecular Virology and Vaccinology, Virology Department, Theravectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, University of Paris-Diderot, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Infections Viruses Including Influenza, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Harold Noel
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
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Le Vu S, Jones G, Anna F, Rose T, Richard JB, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Goyard S, Demeret C, Helynck O, Escriou N, Gransagne M, Petres S, Robin C, Monnet V, Perrin de Facci L, Ungeheuer MN, Léon L, Guillois Y, Filleul L, Charneau P, Lévy-Bruhl D, van der Werf S, Noel H. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in France: results from nationwide serological surveillance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3025. [PMID: 34021152 PMCID: PMC8140151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections is critical for monitoring the course and extent of the COVID-19 epidemic. Here, we report estimated seroprevalence in the French population and the proportion of infected individuals who developed neutralising antibodies at three points throughout the first epidemic wave. Testing 11,000 residual specimens for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralising antibodies, we find nationwide seroprevalence of 0.41% (95% CI: 0.05-0.88) mid-March, 4.14% (95% CI: 3.31-4.99) mid-April and 4.93% (95% CI: 4.02-5.89) mid-May 2020. Approximately 70% of seropositive individuals have detectable neutralising antibodies. Infection fatality rate is 0.84% (95% CI: 0.70-1.03) and increases exponentially with age. These results confirm that the nationwide lockdown substantially curbed transmission and that the vast majority of the French population remained susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2020. Our study shows the progression of the first epidemic wave and provides a framework to inform the ongoing public health response as viral transmission continues globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Le Vu
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Gabrielle Jones
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - François Anna
- Unit of Molecular Virology and Vaccinology, Virology Department, Theravectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Rose
- Unit of Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Immunology Department, INSERM 1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Goyard
- Unit of Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Immunology Department, INSERM 1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, University of Paris-Diderot, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Unit of Chemistry and Biocatalysis, UMR 3523 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Escriou
- Innovation Laboratory: Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gransagne
- Innovation Laboratory: Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Petres
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Robin
- Cerba Healthcare Division, Cerba Xpert, St Ouen L'Aumone, France
| | - Virgile Monnet
- Eurofins Biomnis Sample Library, Eurofins Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - Louise Perrin de Facci
- ICAReB Biobanking Platform, Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer
- ICAReB Biobanking Platform, Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Léon
- Regional Office-French Caribbean, Santé publique France, Gourbeyre, France
| | | | - Laurent Filleul
- Regional Office-Nouvelle Aquitaine, Santé publique France, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Unit of Molecular Virology and Vaccinology, Virology Department, Theravectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, University of Paris-Diderot, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Infections Viruses Including Influenza, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Harold Noel
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
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