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Fieseler CM, Al-Mudaffar Fawzi N, Helmuth B, Leitão A, Al Ainsi M, Al Mukaimi M, Al-Saidi M, Al Senafi F, Bejarano I, Ben-Hamadou R, D'Addario J, Mujthaba Dheen Mohamed A, Giraldes BW, Glowka L, Johnson MD, Lyons BP, Mateos-Molina D, Marshall CD, Mohammed S, Range P, Reza Shokri M, Wong JMK, Pyenson ND. Expanding ocean protection and peace: a window for science diplomacy in the Gulf. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230392. [PMID: 37771965 PMCID: PMC10523068 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The ecological state of the Persian or Arabian Gulf (hereafter 'Gulf') is in sharp decline. Calls for comprehensive ecosystem-based management approaches and transboundary conservation have gone largely unanswered, despite mounting marine threats made worse by climate change. The region's long-standing political tensions add additional complexity, especially now as some Gulf countries will soon adopt ambitious goals to protect their marine environments as part of new global environmental commitments. The recent interest in global commitments comes at a time when diplomatic relations among all Gulf countries are improving. There is a window of opportunity for Gulf countries to meet global marine biodiversity conservation commitments, but only if scientists engage in peer-to-peer diplomacy to build trust, share knowledge and strategize marine conservation options across boundaries. The Gulf region needs more ocean diplomacy and coordination; just as critically, it needs actors at its science-policy interface to find better ways of adapting cooperative models to fit its unique marine environment, political context and culture. We propose a practical agenda for scientist-led diplomacy in the short term and lines of research from which to draw (e.g. co-production, knowledge exchange) to better design future science diplomacy practices and processes suited to the Gulf's setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. Fieseler
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Brian Helmuth
- Coastal Sustainability Institute and School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mehsin Al Ainsi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Al Mukaimi
- Marine Science Department, College of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Al-Saidi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Al Senafi
- Marine Science Department, College of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ivonne Bejarano
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Radhouan Ben-Hamadou
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmad Mujthaba Dheen Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lyle Glowka
- Biodiversity Strategies International, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Maggie D. Johnson
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Christopher D. Marshall
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Pedro Range
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Reza Shokri
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - John M. K. Wong
- Aquatic Research Center, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Fawzi NAM, Fieseler CM, Helmuth B, Leitão A, Al-Ainsi M, Al Mukaimi M, Al-Saidi M, Al Senafi F, Bejarano I, Ben-Hamadou R, D’Addario J, Mohamed AMD, Giraldes BW, Glowka L, Johnson MD, Lyons BP, Mateos-Molina D, Marshall CD, Mohammed S, Range P, Shokri MR, Wong JMK, Pyenson ND. Diplomacy for the world’s hottest sea. Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare M. Fieseler
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Coastal Sustainability Institute and School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Mehsin Al-Ainsi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Al Mukaimi
- Department of Marine Science, College of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fahad Al Senafi
- Department of Marine Science, College of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ivonne Bejarano
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radhouan Ben-Hamadou
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmad Mujthaba Dheen Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lyle Glowka
- Biodiversity Strategies International, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maggie D. Johnson
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Brett P. Lyons
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | | | - Christopher D. Marshall
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Pedro Range
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Reza Shokri
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - John M. K. Wong
- Aquatic Research Center, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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Feldsine PT, Falbo-Nelson MT, Hustead DL, Aaronson J, Arling V, Baker M, Bozzuffi J, Bremer N, Chlebowski E, Clarke J, Crane A, Daniell E, Daugherty N, David J, Davis T, Diaz R, Donnelly S, Elwood M, Forgey R, Freshley J, Glowka L, Gottshall R, Graham R, Gray M, Griffith M, Hansen M, Harmon T, Herman R, Hofstrand P, Huether K, Irbys S, Jackey B, Jackson J, Jones T, Khasmakhi A, Lifur L, Linger T, MaCeda J, Mackin M, Marone C, McClure A, McDonagh S, Milligan L, Nelson J, Pandit K, Poole S, Rizzo M, Robinson J, Sparano R, Schriver J, Seibert M, Stone J, Summers D, Sweger L, Tebay D, Vera G, Weaver A, Wempe J, Wilkinson C, Willett J, Willoughby S, Zook T. Substrate Supporting Disc Method for Confirmed Detection of Total Coliforms and E. coli in all Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/76.5.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Coli Complete® substrate supporting disc (SSD) method for simultaneous confirmed total coliform count and Escherichia coli determination in all foods was compared with AOAC most probable number (MPN) methods, 966.23 and 966.24. Twenty-nine laboratories participated in this collaborative study in which 6 food types were analyzed. Four food types, raw ground beef, pork sausage, raw liquid milk, and nut meats, were naturally contaminated with coliform bacteria. Two foods, dry egg and fresh frozen vegetables, were seeded with coliforms. Three food types, ground beef, raw liquid milk, and pork sausage, were naturally contaminated with E. coli. Although pork sausage was naturally contaminated, the level was very low (<10/50 g); therefore, additional E. coli were inoculated into 1 lot of this food type. Three food types, nut meats, dry egg, and fresh frozen vegetables, were inoculated with E. coli. For naturally contaminated samples, duplicate determinations were made on 3 separate lots for each food type. For inoculated samples, low, medium, and high contamination levels plus uninoculated control samples were examined in duplicate. Data were analyzed separately for total coliform bacteria and for E. coli. Mean log MPN counts were determined by the SSD method and the appropriate AOAC MPN method. Results were then analyzed for repeatability, reproducibility, and mean log MPN statistical equivalence. Results were statistically equivalent for all total coliform levels in all food types except frozen vegetable and raw nut meat uninoculated control samples and 1 lot of pork sausage where the SSD method produced statistically significant greater numbers. For the E. coli determinations, results were statistically equivalent across all samples and all levels for each food type. The SSD method has been adopted first action by AOAC International for confirmed detection of total coliforms and E. coli in all foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Feldsine
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
| | | | - David L Hustead
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
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Dunn DC, Harrison AL, Curtice C, DeLand S, Donnelly B, Fujioka E, Heywood E, Kot CY, Poulin S, Whitten M, Åkesson S, Alberini A, Appeltans W, Arcos JM, Bailey H, Ballance LT, Block B, Blondin H, Boustany AM, Brenner J, Catry P, Cejudo D, Cleary J, Corkeron P, Costa DP, Coyne M, Crespo GO, Davies TE, Dias MP, Douvere F, Ferretti F, Formia A, Freestone D, Friedlaender AS, Frisch-Nwakanma H, Froján CB, Gjerde KM, Glowka L, Godley BJ, Gonzalez-Solis J, Granadeiro JP, Gunn V, Hashimoto Y, Hawkes LM, Hays GC, Hazin C, Jimenez J, Johnson DE, Luschi P, Maxwell SM, McClellan C, Modest M, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Palacio AH, Palacios DM, Pauly A, Rayner M, Rees AF, Salazar ER, Secor D, Sequeira AMM, Spalding M, Spina F, Van Parijs S, Wallace B, Varo-Cruz N, Virtue M, Weimerskirch H, Wilson L, Woodward B, Halpin PN. The importance of migratory connectivity for global ocean policy. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191472. [PMID: 31551061 PMCID: PMC6784718 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of migratory species in the ocean span local, national and international jurisdictions. Across these ecologically interconnected regions, migratory marine species interact with anthropogenic stressors throughout their lives. Migratory connectivity, the geographical linking of individuals and populations throughout their migratory cycles, influences how spatial and temporal dynamics of stressors affect migratory animals and scale up to influence population abundance, distribution and species persistence. Population declines of many migratory marine species have led to calls for connectivity knowledge, especially insights from animal tracking studies, to be more systematically and synthetically incorporated into decision-making. Inclusion of migratory connectivity in the design of conservation and management measures is critical to ensure they are appropriate for the level of risk associated with various degrees of connectivity. Three mechanisms exist to incorporate migratory connectivity into international marine policy which guides conservation implementation: site-selection criteria, network design criteria and policy recommendations. Here, we review the concept of migratory connectivity and its use in international policy, and describe the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean system, a migratory connectivity evidence-base for the ocean. We propose that without such collaboration focused on migratory connectivity, efforts to effectively conserve these critical species across jurisdictions will have limited effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Dunn
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Level 5, Goddard Building (#8), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Autumn-Lynn Harrison
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Corrie Curtice
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah DeLand
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ben Donnelly
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ei Fujioka
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eleanor Heywood
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Connie Y Kot
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Poulin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Meredith Whitten
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- Department of Biology, Center for Animal Movement Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amalia Alberini
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ward Appeltans
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, IOC Project Office for IODE, Oostende, Belgium
| | | | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Lisa T Ballance
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Barbara Block
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Blondin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Paulo Catry
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Cejudo
- Biology Department of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jesse Cleary
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter Corkeron
- Protected Species Branch, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael Coyne
- seaturtle.org, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Ferretti
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.,Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Angela Formia
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA; Bata, Equatorial Guinea and Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Ari S Friedlaender
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Heidrun Frisch-Nwakanma
- Secretariat of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, Germany and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kristina M Gjerde
- IUCN Global Marine and Polar Programme and World Commission on Protected Areas, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lyle Glowka
- Secretariat of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, Germany and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | | | | | - Vikki Gunn
- GOBI Secretariat, Seascape Consultants Ltd, Romsey, UK
| | - Yuriko Hashimoto
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucy M Hawkes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Graeme C Hays
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara M Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Bothell Campus, Bothell, WA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Modest
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Andrea Pauly
- Secretariat of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, Germany and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matt Rayner
- Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan F Rees
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Erick Ross Salazar
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA; Bata, Equatorial Guinea and Libreville, Gabon
| | - David Secor
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Ana M M Sequeira
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - Fernando Spina
- ISPRA-Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Sofie Van Parijs
- Protected Species Branch, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Wallace
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Ecolibrium, Inc, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nuria Varo-Cruz
- Biology Department of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Melanie Virtue
- Secretariat of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, Germany and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Laurie Wilson
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bill Woodward
- U.S. Animal Telemetry Network, NOAA/IOOS, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Patrick N Halpin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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