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Lindén A, Spångfors M, Olsen MH, Fisher J, Lilja G, Sjövall F, Jungner M, Lengquist M, Kander T, Samuelsson L, Johansson J, Palmnäs E, Undén J, Oras J, Cronhjort M, Chew M, Linder A, Lipcsey M, Nielsen N, Jakobsen JC, Bentzer P. Protocolized reduction of non-resuscitation fluids versus usual care in septic shock patients (REDUSE): a randomized multicentre feasibility trial. Crit Care 2024; 28:166. [PMID: 38760833 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Non-resuscitation fluids constitute the majority of fluid administered for septic shock patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This multicentre, randomized, feasibility trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that a restrictive protocol targeting non-resuscitation fluids reduces the overall volume administered compared with usual care. METHODS Adults with septic shock in six Swedish ICUs were randomized within 12 h of ICU admission to receive either protocolized reduction of non-resuscitation fluids or usual care. The primary outcome was the total volume of fluid administered within three days of inclusion. RESULTS Median (IQR) total volume of fluid in the first three days, was 6008 ml (interquartile range [IQR] 3960-8123) in the restrictive fluid group (n = 44), and 9765 ml (IQR 6804-12,401) in the control group (n = 48); corresponding to a Hodges-Lehmann median difference of 3560 ml [95% confidence interval 1614-5302]; p < 0.001). Outcome data on all-cause mortality, days alive and free of mechanical ventilation and acute kidney injury or ischemic events in the ICU within 90 days of inclusion were recorded in 98/98 (100%), 95/98 (98%) and 95/98 (98%) of participants respectively. Cognition and health-related quality of life at six months were recorded in 39/52 (75%) and 41/52 (79%) of surviving participants, respectively. Ninety out of 134 patients (67%) of eligible patients were randomized, and 15/98 (15%) of the participants experienced at least one protocol violation. CONCLUSION Protocolized reduction of non-resuscitation fluids in patients with septic shock resulted in a large decrease in fluid administration compared with usual care. A trial using this design to test if reducing non-resuscitation fluids improves outcomes is feasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05249088, 18 February 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05249088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lindén
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Charlotte Yhléns Gata 10, 252 23, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | - M Spångfors
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - M H Olsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital -Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Fisher
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Lilja
- Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Neurology Department, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Sjövall
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Jungner
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Lengquist
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Kander
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Samuelsson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - J Johansson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - E Palmnäs
- Department of Operation and Intensive Care, Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - J Undén
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Operation and Intensive Care, Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - J Oras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Cronhjort
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Chew
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Linder
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Lipcsey
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Nielsen
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Charlotte Yhléns Gata 10, 252 23, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - J C Jakobsen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Bentzer
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Charlotte Yhléns Gata 10, 252 23, Helsingborg, Sweden
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Lindén A, Fisher J, Lilja G, Olsen MH, Sjövall F, Jungner M, Spångfors M, Samuelsson L, Oras J, Linder A, Unden J, Kander T, Lipcsey M, Nielsen N, Jakobsen JC, Bentzer P. Protocolised reduction of non-resuscitation fluids versus usual care in patients with septic shock (REDUSE): a protocol for a multicentre feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065392. [PMID: 36854601 PMCID: PMC9980317 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Administration of large volumes of fluids is associated with poor outcome in septic shock. Recent data suggest that non-resuscitation fluids are the major source of fluids in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering from septic shock. The present trial is designed to test the hypothesis that a protocol targeting this source of fluids can reduce fluid administration compared with usual care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The design will be a multicentre, randomised, feasibility trial. Adult patients admitted to ICUs with septic shock will be randomised within 12 hours of admission to receive non-resuscitation fluids either according to a restrictive protocol or to receive usual care. The healthcare providers involved in the care of participants will not be blinded. The participants, outcome assessors at the 6-month follow-up and statisticians will be blinded. Primary outcome will be litres of fluids administered within 3 days of randomisation. Secondary outcomes will be proportion of randomised participants with outcome data on all-cause mortality; days alive and free of mechanical ventilation within 90 days of inclusion; any acute kidney injury and ischaemic events in the ICU (cerebral, cardiac, intestinal or limb ischaemia); proportion of surviving randomised patients who were assessed by European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Level questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment; proportion of all eligible patients who were randomised and proportion of participants experiencing at least one protocol violation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained in Sweden. Results of the primary and secondary outcomes will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05249088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lindén
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Jane Fisher
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Gisela Lilja
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Intensive and Perioperative Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mårten Jungner
- Intensive and Perioperative Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Spångfors
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kristianstad Hospital, Central Hospital in Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Line Samuelsson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Östersund Hospital, Ostersund, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Oras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Adam Linder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Unden
- Department of Operation and Intensive Care, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - T Kander
- Intensive and Perioperative Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miklós Lipcsey
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Nielsen
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Bentzer
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
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Didriksson I, Leffler M, Spångfors M, Lindberg S, Reepalu A, Nilsson A, Cronqvist J, Andertun S, Nelderup M, Jungner M, Johnsson P, Lilja G, Frigyesi A, Friberg H. Intensive care unit burden is associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 67:329-338. [PMID: 36537243 PMCID: PMC9878196 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional models to predict intensive care outcomes do not perform well in COVID-19. We undertook a comprehensive study of factors affecting mortality and functional outcome after severe COVID-19. METHODS In this prospective multicentre cohort study, we enrolled laboratory-confirmed, critically ill COVID-19 patients at six ICUs in the Skåne Region, Sweden, between May 11, 2020, and May 10, 2021. Demographics and clinical data were collected. ICU burden was defined as the total number of ICU-treated COVID-19 patients in the region on admission. Surviving patients had a follow-up at 90 days for assessment of functional outcome using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE), an ordinal scale (1-8) with GOSE ≥5 representing a favourable outcome. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality; the secondary outcome was functional outcome at 90 days. RESULTS Among 498 included patients, 74% were male with a median age of 66 years and a median body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 . Invasive mechanical ventilation was employed in 72%. Mortality in the ICU, in-hospital and at 90 days was 30%, 38% and 39%, respectively. Mortality increased markedly at age 60 and older. Increasing ICU burden was independently associated with a two-fold increase in mortality. Higher BMI was not associated with increased mortality. Besides age and ICU burden, smoking status, cortisone use, Pa CO2 >7 kPa, and inflammatory markers on admission were independent factors of 90-day mortality. Lower GOSE at 90 days was associated with a longer stay in the ICU. CONCLUSION In critically ill COVID-19 patients, the 90-day mortality was 39% and increased considerably at age 60 or older. The ICU burden was associated with mortality, whereas a high BMI was not. A longer stay in the ICU was associated with unfavourable functional outcomes at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Didriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Skåne University HospitalIntensive and Perioperative CareMalmöSweden
| | - Märta Leffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Skåne University HospitalIntensive and Perioperative CareMalmöSweden
| | - Martin Spångfors
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Kristianstad HospitalAnaesthesia and Intensive CareKristianstadSweden
| | - Sarah Lindberg
- Skåne University HospitalResearch and EducationLundSweden
| | - Anton Reepalu
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Infectious DiseasesSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Infectious DiseasesSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Jonas Cronqvist
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Infectious DiseasesSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Sara Andertun
- Helsingborg HospitalAnaesthesia, and Intensive CareHelsingborgSweden
| | - Maria Nelderup
- Helsingborg HospitalAnaesthesia, and Intensive CareHelsingborgSweden
| | - Mårten Jungner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Skåne University HospitalIntensive and Perioperative CareMalmöSweden
| | - Patrik Johnsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Skåne University HospitalIntensive and Perioperative CareMalmöSweden
| | - Gisela Lilja
- Skåne University HospitalDepartment of NeurologyLundSweden
| | - Attila Frigyesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Skåne University HospitalIntensive and Perioperative CareLundSweden
| | - Hans Friberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareLund UniversityLundSweden,Skåne University HospitalIntensive and Perioperative CareMalmöSweden
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Lindén-Søndersø A, Jungner M, Spångfors M, Jan M, Oscarson A, Choi S, Kander T, Undén J, Griesdale D, Boyd J, Bentzer P. Survey of non-resuscitation fluids administered during septic shock: a multicenter prospective observational study. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9:132. [PMID: 31776712 PMCID: PMC6881490 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indication, composition and timing of administration of non-resuscitation fluid in septic shock have so far received little attention and accordingly the potential to reduce this source of fluid is unknown. The objective of the study was to quantify and characterize non-resuscitation fluid administered to patients with septic shock. METHODS This prospective observational study was performed in eight intensive care units in Sweden and Canada during 4 months in 2018. Adult patients with septic shock within 24 h of admission to the intensive care unit were eligible for inclusion. Non-resuscitation fluids were defined as fluids other than colloids, blood products and crystalloids at a rate ≥ 5 ml/kg/h. Indication, volume and type of fluid were recorded during the first 5 days after admission. A maximum of 30 patients could be included per centre. To estimate the potential to reduce administration of non-resuscitation fluid, a pragmatic "restrictive" protocol for administration of non-resuscitation fluids was devised based on the most restrictive practice already in place for non-resuscitation fluids at any of the participating centres. Data are presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]). RESULTS A total of 200 patients were included in the study and the 30-day mortality was 35%. Patients received a total of 7870 (4060-12,340) ml of non-resuscitation fluids and 2820 (1430-4580) of resuscitation fluids during the observation period. Median volumes of non-resuscitation and resuscitation fluids were similar at day 1 (1620 [710-2320] and 1590 [520-3000]) ml, respectively) and non-resuscitation fluids represented the largest source of fluid from day 2 and onwards after admission to the ICU. Vehicles for drugs such as vasoactive drugs and antibiotics constituted the largest fraction of non-resuscitation fluids (2400 [1270-4030] ml) during the 5-day observation period. Modelling suggested that volume of non-resuscitation fluids could be reduced by 2840 (1270-4900) ml during the first 5 days of admission to the ICU, mainly through reducing maintenance fluids. CONCLUSIONS Non-resuscitation fluids constitute the major fraction of fluids administered in the ICU to patients suffering from septic shock and may represent the largest modifiable target to reduce fluid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lindén-Søndersø
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Charlotte Yhlens gata 10, 251 87, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Mårten Jungner
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Spångfors
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kristianstad Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Jan
- Anesthesia Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adam Oscarson
- Department of Operation and Intensive Care, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Sally Choi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Kander
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Undén
- Department of Operation and Intensive Care, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Donald Griesdale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Boyd
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Bentzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Charlotte Yhlens gata 10, 251 87, Helsingborg, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Jungner M, Siemund R, Venturoli D, Reinstrup P, SCHALéN W, Bentzer P. Blood-brain barrier permeability following traumatic brain injury. Minerva Anestesiol 2016; 82:525-533. [PMID: 26613239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain edema and intracranial hypertension is deleterious after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the underlying pathophysiology is complex and poorly understood. One major subject of controversy is the time course and extent of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction following trauma, and previous studies in humans have only provided semi-quantitative data. The objective of the present study was therefore to quantify changes in BBB-permeability in the early course of TBI, when brain edema is still evolving. METHODS Sixteen non-consecutive brain trauma patients and two controls were included. Following i.v. injection of iohexol and CT perfusion scans, patients were scanned eight times from 4 to 25 minutes. Blood to brain transfer constant (Ki) for iohexol (molecular weight 821 D), reflecting permeability and available area for diffusion, was calculated offline by Patlak plot analysis of the enhancement curves of intracerebral large venous vessels and pericontusional brain parenchyma. RESULTS In non-ischemic tissue surrounding contusions and hematomas Ki was increased 2- to 10-fold compared to normal tissue, reaching maximal values of 0.5 mL/min/100 g. In non-injured areas and in controls Ki was about 0.06 mL/min/100 g. The increase was more pronounced in the most severely injured patients, and was detectable within 24 hours after trauma and up to five days after. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that traumatic brain injury is associated with early focal increases in small molecular BBB-permeability. The results indicate that in the injured brain, capillary hydrostatic and oncotic pressures may influence edema formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Jungner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden -
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Miloro M, Borba AM, Ribeiro-Junior O, Naclério-Homem MG, Jungner M. Is there consistency in cephalometric landmark identification amongst oral and maxillofacial surgeons? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 43:445-53. [PMID: 24055177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There may be significant variation amongst oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) in the identification and placement of cephalometric landmarks for orthognathic surgery, and this could impact upon the surgical plan and final treatment outcome. In an effort to assess this variability, 10 lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected for evaluation by 16 OMFS with different levels of surgical knowledge and experience, and the position of 21 commonly used cephalometric landmarks were identified on radiographs displayed on a computer screen using a computer mouse on a pen tablet. The database consisted of real position measurements (x, y) to determine the consistency of landmark identification between surgeons and within individual surgeons. Inter-examiner analysis demonstrated that most landmark points had excellent reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient >0.90). Regardless of the level of surgeon experience, certain landmarks presented consistently poor reliability, and intra-examiner reliability analysis demonstrated that some locations had a higher average difference for both x and y axes. In particular, porion, condylion, and gonion showed poor agreement and reliability between examiners. The identification of most landmarks showed some inconsistencies within different parameters of evaluation. Such variability among surgeons may be addressed by the consistent use of high-quality images, and also by periodic surgeon education of the definition of the specific landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miloro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - A M Borba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Ribeiro-Junior
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M G Naclério-Homem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Jungner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jungner M, Lundblad C, Bentzer P. Rosuvastatin in experimental brain trauma: improved capillary patency but no effect on edema or cerebral blood flow. Microvasc Res 2013; 88:48-55. [PMID: 23538316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by edema formation secondary to increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and decreased blood flow, contributes to poor outcome following brain trauma. Recent studies have indicated that statins may counteract edema formation following brain trauma but little is known about other circulatory effects of statins in this setting. The objective of this study was to investigate whether statin treatment improves brain microcirculation early after traumatic brain injury, and whether microvascular effects are associated with altered production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. METHODS After fluid percussion injury, rats were randomized to intravenous treatment with 20mg/kg of rosuvastatin or vehicle. Brain edema (wet/dry weight), BBB integrity ((51)Cr-EDTA blood to brain transfer), cerebral blood flow ((14)C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography), and number of perfused cortical capillaries (FITC-albumin fluorescence microscopy), were measured at 4 and 24h. NO and prostacyclin production was estimated from plasma concentration of the degradation products NO2- and NO3- (NOx) and 6-keto-PGF1-alpha, respectively. Sham injured animals were treated with vehicle and analyzed at 4h. RESULTS Trauma resulted in brain edema, BBB dysfunction, and reduced cortical blood flow, with no effect of statin treatment. Trauma also induced a reduction in the number of perfused capillaries, which was improved by statin treatment. Statin treatment led to increased NOx levels and reduced mean arterial blood pressure. 6-Keto-PGF1-alpha levels tended to increase after trauma, and were significantly reduced by rosuvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Rosuvastatin treatment may improve microcirculation after traumatic brain injury by preserved patency of cerebral capillaries. This effect is associated with increased NO and reduced prostacyclin production. No effect on brain edema or BBB integrity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jungner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University Hospital, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden.
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Bentzer P, Jungner M. Cortical capillary recruitment by rosuvastatin in experimental brain trauma is associated with increased NO production. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363732 DOI: 10.1186/cc10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Islander G, Jungner M. [Anesthesia in hereditary peripheral muscular disease]. Lakartidningen 2005; 102:566-71. [PMID: 15786909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to define how the quality of the buffer/membrane interface influences the activity of bacterial sphingomyelinase acting at the interface. The enzyme reaction was carried out in a zero-order trough using a surface barostat. This approach allowed for proper control of the physico-chemical properties of the substrate molecules. Since the molecular area of ceramide is smaller than that of sphingomyelin, the hydrolysis reaction could be followed 'on-line' from the monolayer area decrease at constant surface pressure. The hydrolysis reaction could be divided into two separate phases, the first being the lag-phase (time between enzyme addition and commencement of the monolayer area change), and the second phase being the actual hydrolysis reaction (from which a maximal degradation rate could be determined). The activity of sphingomyelinase (Staphylococcus aureus) toward bovine brain sphingomyelin (bb-SM) was markedly enhanced by Mg2+ (maximal activation at 5 mM). Mg2+ also influenced the lag-phase of the reaction (the lag-time increased markedly when the Mg2+ concentration decreased below 1 mM). Saturated sphingomyelins (bb-SM and N-palmitoyl sphingomyelin [N-P-SM]) were more slowly degraded than the mono-unsaturated N-oleoyl sphingomyelin (N-O-SM). Both bb-SM and N-P-SM monolayers underwent a phase-transition at room temperature, whereas the N-O-SM monolayer did not. The phase-transition (liquid-expanded to liquid-condensed) was observed to greatly increase the lag-time of the hydrolysis reaction. The activity of sphingomyelinase was also sensitive to the lateral surface pressure of the monolayer membrane. Maximal degradation rate was achieved at 20 mN/m (with bb-SM, 30 degrees C); above this pressure the lag-time of the reaction increased sharply. The inclusion of 4 mol% of cholesterol into a [3H]sphingomyelin monolayer markedly increased the extent of [3H]sphingomyelin degradation, and shortened the lag-time of the reaction. The inclusion of 10 mol% of zwitterionic or negatively charged phospholipids to the [3H]sphingomyelin monolayer did not affect the sphingomyelinase reaction significantly. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the physico-chemical properties of the substrate molecules have a dominating influence on the activity of a bacterial sphingomyelinase acting at the buffer/membrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jungner
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Slotte JP, Jungner M, Vilchèze C, Bittman R. Effect of sterol side-chain structure on sterol-phosphatidylcholine interactions in monolayers and small unilamellar vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1190:435-43. [PMID: 8142447 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have characterized the monolayer behavior of analogues of cholesterol having different side-chain structures and their interaction with phosphatidylcholines in mixed monolayers and small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs). Two series of side-chain analogues of cholesterol were synthesized, one with an unbranched side chain (the n-series, from 3 to 7 carbons in length), and the other with a single methyl-branched side chain (the iso-series, from 5 to 10 carbons in length). The length and conformation of the sterol side chain markedly influenced both the mean molecular area of the pure sterols and their monolayer stability (i.e., collapse pressure). Shorter side chains gave smaller mean molecular areas and decreased monolayer stability. The sterols from the n-series also had smaller mean molecular areas than the corresponding sterols in the iso-series. In mixed 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)/sterol monolayers (equimolar ratio; at 22 degrees C), all of the sterols tested decreased the monolayer stability as judged by the lower collapse pressure with sterol than without sterol. A similar trend was observed in mixed monolayers containing 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC), except that sterols from the iso-series with a chain length of 8 or 10 carbon atoms actually stabilized the monolayer compared with the sterol-free SOPC monolayer. The ability of the sterols to condense the molecular packing of DPPC was similar with all sterols (3-5% condensation at 10 mN/m), irrespective of the length or structure of the side chain. 5-Androsten-3 beta-ol, however, which lacks the side chain, did not at all condense the monolayer packing of DPPC. With SOPC mixed monolayers, all side chain containing sterols caused a 18-20% condensation (at 10 mN/m) of monolayer packing. The condensing effect of 5-androsten-3 beta-ol on SOPC packing was again much smaller (about 10%) compared with that of the side-chain sterols. The rate of sterol oxidation by cholesterol oxidase (at 37 degrees C) in DPPC-containing SUVs increased as a function of increasing the side-chain length (iso-series). With sterols from the n-series, the same trend was seen, except that the n-C7 analogue was oxidized much slower than the n-C4, n-C5, and n-C6 analogues. With SOPC SUVs, a similar side-chain dependent oxidation pattern was observed. Our results support and extend previous knowledge about the importance of the sterol side chain in determining sterol-sterol and sterol-phospholipid interactions, both in mono- and bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Slotte
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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