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Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Ojeda-Chi MM, Trinidad-Martinez I, Bolio-González ME. First report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato infesting dogs in Mexico. Med Vet Entomol 2017; 31:72-77. [PMID: 27859488 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engorged female Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae) were collected from dogs in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. Fourteen tick populations were collected from dogs at seven veterinary clinics, four residential homes and three cattle farms. The larval immersion test was used in the progeny of collected adult females to test susceptibility to amitraz and cypermethrin. Dose-mortality regressions, 50% lethal concentrations (LC50 ), confidence intervals and slope were estimated by probit analysis. For amitraz, 12 tick populations (85.7%) were classified as resistant and low inter-population variation in the phenotypic level of resistance was evident [resistance ratios (RRs) at LC50 : 1.0-13.0]. For cypermethrin, 12 tick populations (85.7%) were classified as resistant and substantial inter-population variation in the phenotypic level of resistance was evident (RRs at LC50 : 1.0-104.0). Thus, amitraz resistance in R. sanguineus s.l. is common, but generally occurs at low levels; however, alarmingly high levels of cypermethrin resistance are present in R. sanguineus s.l. populations in dogs in Yucatán, Mexico. The intensive use of both acaricides to control ectoparasites on dogs is likely to lead to more serious resistance problems that may cause high levels of control failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Rodriguez-Vivas
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M M Ojeda-Chi
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - I Trinidad-Martinez
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M E Bolio-González
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Pérez-Cogollo LC, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Delfín-González H, Reyes-Novelo E, Ojeda-Chi MM. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Ivermectin on Onthophagus landolti (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Environ Entomol 2015; 44:1634-1640. [PMID: 26352254 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has documented toxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) on dung beetles from the Old World, but very little is known about this drug's effect on Neotropical dung beetles. Accordingly, we conducted a bioassay with dung spiked with IVM to assess its lethal and sublethal effects on the Neotropical dung beetle Onthophagus landolti Harold. The experimental design consisted of five treated groups G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 receiving 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg IVM/kg dung fresh weight, respectively, and two control groups (solvent control [CGA] and untreated control [CGU]). Adult survival and fecundity were measured throughout a 10-d period, and subsequent egg development and survival were monitored. Adult survival was only affected for treatment groups G4 and G5 groups (70 and 30%, respectively); groups G1, G2, G3 and both controls exhibited 100% survival. Fecundity was completely suppressed under treatment groups G4 and G5. Group G3 only had 1.7 and 2.1% brood mass production relative to CGA and CGU, respectively. Additionally, for groups G1 and G2 the proportion of adults emerging from brood masses was lower relative to CGA. Furthermore, development time for the second generation in groups G1 and G2 was 12.5% slower relative to control groups. Finally, dung removal by beetles from groups G3, G4, and G5 was significantly lower relative to control groups. In conclusion, toxic effects of IVM on O. landolti are associated mainly with reduced fecundity and lower dung-removal by adult beetles as well as reduced survival and slower development of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pérez-Cogollo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine. Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil. C.P. 97100. Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - R I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine. Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil. C.P. 97100. Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - H Delfín-González
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Department of Zoology. Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil. C.P. 97100. Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - E Reyes-Novelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi". Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Laboratory of Zoonoses. Av. Itzaes No. 490 x 59 Col. Centro. C.P. 97000. Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - M M Ojeda-Chi
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine. Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil. C.P. 97100. Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Galindo-Velasco E, Lezama-Gutiérrez R, Cruz-Vázquez C, Pescador-Rubio A, Angel-Sahagún CA, Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Contreras-Lara D. Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) against adult Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) under stable conditions in the Mexican dry tropics. Vet Parasitol 2015; 209:173-8. [PMID: 25771932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of five strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and three strains of Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) at a concentration of 1×10(8)colony-forming units/ml applied by spraying onto bovines with controlled infestation of Haematobia irritans under stable conditions in the Mexican dry tropics. Four experiments were performed, in each of which three treatments (two fungal strains and one control) were evaluated with eight repetitions for each one, by carrying out a single application of the aqueous suspension of each strain. The animals were isolated in individual cages and direct counts of the infestation were carried out for 13 days. It was observed that strains Ma2, Ma6, Ma10, Ma14, and Ma34 caused 94-100% reduction in infestation between days 12 and 13 post-treatment, while strains Ifr19, Ifr11, and Ifr12 reduced infestation from 90% to 98% up to day 13 post-application. There was an effect in the generation of horn flies from the excrement of bovines that were treated with different strains, reducing the reproduction of subsequent generations. It was concluded that the strains of M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea evaluated in this study can be used as biocontrol agents in infestations of H. irritans in stabled bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galindo-Velasco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, University of Colima, Km 40 Autopista Colima-Manzanillo, Tecomán, Colima C.P. 28100, Mexico.
| | - R Lezama-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Biological and Agro-livestock Sciences, University of Colima, Tecomán, Colima, Mexico
| | - C Cruz-Vázquez
- El Llano Technological Institute Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - A Pescador-Rubio
- University Center of Agro-livestock Research and Development, University of Colima, Tecomán, Colima, Mexico
| | - C A Angel-Sahagún
- Department of Agronomy, Life Sciences Division, Irapuato-Salamanca Campus, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M M Ojeda-Chi
- Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mexico
| | - D Contreras-Lara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, University of Colima, Km 40 Autopista Colima-Manzanillo, Tecomán, Colima C.P. 28100, Mexico
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Alegría-López MA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Ojeda-Chi MM, Rosado-Aguilar JA. Use of Ivermectin as Endoparasiticide in Tropical Cattle Herds Generates Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes and the Tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 2015; 52:214-221. [PMID: 26336306 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine simultaneously the status of resistance against ivermectin (IVM) in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) ticks in 12 cattle farms where IVM was used for the control of GIN in the Mexican tropics. Six farms had frequent use of IVM (≥ 4 times per year) and six farms had low frequency of IVM use (1-2 times per year). The fecal egg count reduction test and the larval immersion test were used to determine the resistant status of GIN and R. microplus against IVM, respectively. The results indicated that 100% of the surveyed farms had IVM-resistant GIN (reduction % from 0 to 67%). The genera involved were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, and Oesophagostomum. Although the IVM was never used for the control of ticks, 50% of the surveyed farms presented GIN and R. microplus simultaneously resistant to IVM. Furthermore, two R. microplus populations showed high resistance ratio (RR) to IVM (farm TAT: RR50% = 7 and RR99% = 40.1; and farm SLS: RR50% = 2.4; RR99% = 11.0). A high frequency of IVM use (≥ 4 times per year) seemed to promote IVM resistance amongst R. microplus ticks compared with the farms with low frequency of IVM use (1-2 times per year; 66.6 vs. 25.0%, respectively). However, the number of surveyed farms was insufficient to show clear statistical inferences (odds ratio = 6.00; 95% CI = 0.341-105.5). The use of IVM for the control of GIN promoted simultaneously the development of IVM resistance in the GIN and R. microplus populations of the cattle herds surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Alegría-López
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000, México.Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | | | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000, México.Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - M M Ojeda-Chi
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000, México.Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - J A Rosado-Aguilar
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000, México.Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Castillo-Chab CG, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Ojeda-Chi MM. Evaluación de la eficacia y persistencia de la moxidectina (10%) e ivermectina (3,15%) contra infecciones naturales de nematodos gastrointestinales en bovinos del trópico mexicano. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4067/s0301-732x2014000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Ojeda-Chi MM, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Trinidad-Martínez IC, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Ticante-Perez V, Castro-Marín JM, Tapia-Moo CA, Vázquez-Gómez G. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) as a host for the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Yucatan, Mexico. Exp Appl Acarol 2013; 60:543-552. [PMID: 23423423 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is the most economically important cattle tick in the Mexican tropics. Wild ungulate species, including red deer (Cervus elaphus), are gaining popularity in diversified livestock ranching operations in Mexico. However, there is no information available on the susceptibility of red deer to infestation with the cattle tick, R. microplus, under hot, subhumid tropical conditions in Mexico. Biological data on R. microplus as an ectoparasite of cattle and red deer in a farm in the Mexican tropics are presented here. Ticks collected from red deer were identified as R. microplus (97 %) and Amblyomma cajennense (3 %), and tick species infesting cattle included R. microplus (95 %) and A. cajennense (5 %). Standard counts of R. microplus engorged females on red deer were 11 times higher than on cattle (428 ± 43 vs. 40 ± 18; p < 0.001). The reproductive efficiency index and larval hatching of R. microplus collected from cattle and red deer were similar (p > 0.05). Hemolymph samples of R. microplus collected from cattle were positive for Babesia spp. (10 %, 2/50) and all the samples from ticks infesting red deer were negative. Seventeen and ten percent of the blood samples from cattle and red deer were positive for Anaplasma marginale, respectively. The role of red deer as a host of R. microplus in Yucatan, Mexico and the importance of this host-parasite relationship relative to the epidemiology of R. microplus-borne diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Li AY, Ojeda-Chi MM, Trinidad-Martinez I, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Miller RJ, Pérez de León AA. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cypermethrin, amitraz, and piperonyl butoxide mixtures for the control of resistant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Mexican tropics. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:288-96. [PMID: 23948559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cypermethrin, amitraz, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) mixtures, through in vitro laboratory bioassays and in vivo on-animal efficacy trials, for the control of resistant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus on cattle in the Mexican tropics. Also, to examine mechanisms of resistance to cypermethrin in this tick population, the frequency of a mutated sodium channel gene (F1550I) was determined using a PCR assay. Results of laboratory bioassays using modified larval packet tests revealed that cypermethrin toxicity was synergized by PBO (from 46.6-57.0% to 83.7-85.0% larval mortality; P<0.05). The cypermethrin and amitraz mixture showed an additive effect (from 46.6-57.0% to 56.0-74.3% larval mortality). Strong synergism was observed with the mixture of cypermethrin+amitraz+PBO and this mixture was the most effective killing resistant tick larvae in vitro (96.7-100% of larval mortality). Tick larvae surviving exposure to cypermethrin or mixtures either with amitraz and PBO in vitro showed 2.9-49.6 higher probability to present the mutated allele than those killed by acaricide treatment (P<0.05). In the in vivo trial, the mixtures containing cypermethrin+PBO (80.6-97.3%), and cypermethrin+amitraz (87.0-89.7%) were more efficacious than cypermethrin alone (76.3-80.5%). The highest level of efficacy was obtained with the mixture of cypermethrin+amitraz+PBO, which yielded >95% control that persisted for 28 days post-treatment against R. microplus infesting cattle when tested under field conditions in the Mexican tropics. Although this mixture is a potentially useful tool to combat pyrethroid resistance, a product based on an acaricide mixture like the one tested in this study has to be used rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Rodriguez-Vivas
- Cuerpo Académico de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Galindo-Velasco E, Lezama-Gutiérrrez R. Laboratory and field evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Mexican tropics. Vet Parasitol 2010; 170:348-54. [PMID: 20299149 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Metarhizium anisopliae to control Rhipicephalus microplus under laboratory and field conditions (larvae on vegetation) in the Mexican tropics. In the laboratory study, Ma34, Ma14 and a mixture of Ma34+Ma14 strains of M. anisopliae were evaluated for their control of the adult and larval stages of R. microplus, using the adult and larval immersion test respectively. The reproductive efficiency index of engorged females was determined in the treated and control groups. In the adults, the Ma34 and MA14 strains both produced an efficacy of 100% on engorged females at 1 x 10(8), 1 x 10(7) and 1 x 10(6)conidia/ml; however, only Ma34 killed 100% at 1 x 10(6)conidia/ml dose. The mixture of both strains (Ma34+Ma14) produced an efficacy of 100% on engorged females at 1 x 10(8)conidia/ml. R. microplus engorged females treated with Ma34 and a mixture of strains Ma34 and Ma14 reduced egg oviposition by 55.5% and 39.1% respectively compared to treated controls (P<0.001). In the larval evaluation, Ma14 produced an efficacy of 45-62%; however, Ma34+Ma14 increased the efficacy reaching 90% (1 x 10(8)conidia/ml concentrations, P<0.05). In the field study, twelve 9 m(2) plots with vegetation were artificially infested with R. microplus larvae. Six plots were used as control and six as test areas. The treated plots received the Ma34+Ma14 (1 x 10(8)conidia/ml) by manual scattering at 0, 14 and 28 days post-treatment (PT). The number of larvae in the treated and control group was determined at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days PT by the tick drag method. This field study was carried out in two different seasons (January-March, wet, April-May, dry). In the wet season trial the efficacy of M. anisopliae to control R. microplus was 67.7% and 100% in the dry season trial .In conclusion, the mixture of Ma34 and Ma14 strains of M. anisopliae showed a high efficacy to control both larval and adult stages of R. microplus under laboratory conditions, and in field conditions these strains were efficient to control larval stages on vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ojeda-Chi
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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