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Feigenbaum F, Parks SE, Martin MP, Ross TD, Kupanoff KM. Surgical Intervention is Associated with Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients with Symptomatic Sacral Tarlov Cysts: Results from a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)00624-7. [PMID: 38636633 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of symptomatic Tarlov cysts remains a controversial topic within neurosurgery. We describe our experience with patients who underwent surgical intervention for sacral Tarlov cysts at a single institution. General and disease-specific outcome measures were used to assess health-related quality of life. METHODS Patients who underwent surgical treatment for one or more sacral Tarlov cysts between 2018 and 2021 were included. The Tarlov Cyst Quality of Life (TCQoL), a validated disease-specific measure, was the primary outcome of the study. Secondary outcomes included general outcome measures: 36-Item Short Form Survey, the Oswestry Disability Index, and Visual Analog Scale. Patients were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative. Repeated measures analyses were used to assess change from preoperative to 12 months postoperative. RESULTS Data were obtained from 144 patients who underwent surgery for sacral Tarlov cysts, average age 52.3 ± 11.3 years, 90.3% female. Patients reported significant mean improvement on the TCQoL over time (preoperative 3.2±0.1; 3-months postoperative 2.1±0.1; 6-months 1.9±0.1; 12-months 1.9±0.1; P< 0.001). Patient age and duration of symptoms were not associated with outcome. 82.3% of patients reported improvement on TCQoL. There was not a significant difference in the proportion of patients reporting improvement on TCQoL by cyst size (small 90.9% vs. large 77.9%; P = 0.066). CONCLUSION Our longitudinal series demonstrated patient-reported improvement following surgery for symptomatic sacral Tarlov cysts using a validated disease-specific health-related quality of life scale through 12 months following surgery. Patient age and preoperative duration of symptoms were not correlated with outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristina M Kupanoff
- University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Feigenbaum F, Parks SE, Martin MP, Chapple KM. Surgical Intervention is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Patients with Symptomatic Cervical Spine Tarlov Cysts: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e405-e410. [PMID: 37866779 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tarlov cysts are known contributors to radiculopathy but are often misdiagnosed and mismanaged due to a paucity of information. This is particularly true of cervical spine Tarlov cysts because most attention has been focused on sacral cysts. In this study, we describe our longitudinal experience with patients who underwent surgery for cervical spine Tarlov cysts. We hypothesized that patients undergoing surgical treatment for cervical spine Tarlov cysts would report improvement following surgery. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of patients who underwent surgical treatment for cervical Tarlov cysts between 2010 and 2021. The Short-Form 36-item survey (SF-36) was administered at the preoperative and follow-up visits. Repeated measures analyses were used to assess changes from preoperatively to postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 37 patients with cervical spine cysts were included in the study. Follow-up data were available for 27 patients with a median follow-up of 1 year. Of the cohort, 97.3% were women, with an average age of 47.5 ± 10.3 years. Patients reported statistically significant improvement in 2 of the 4 SF-36 physical health domains (physical function, P< 0.001; and bodily pain, P < 0.001) and 2 of the 4 mental health domains (vitality/energy, P < 0.003; and social functioning, P = 0.007). Patients also reported less interference in work, education, and retirement activities at follow-up (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal series consisted of patients with symptomatic cervical spine Tarlov cysts, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest series described. Significant improvements in the SF-36 domains were documented, indicating these patients can be successfully treated surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Feigenbaum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feigenbaum Neurosurgery, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Susan E Parks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feigenbaum Neurosurgery, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Madelene P Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feigenbaum Neurosurgery, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina M Chapple
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Fletcher OJ, Mansell R, Martin MP, Borst LB, Barnes HJ, Gonzalez LM. Gross Morphometry, Histomorphometry, and Immunohistochemistry Confirm Early and Persistent Jejunal Crypt Hyperplasia in Poults with Enteritis and Depressed Growth. Avian Dis 2019; 62:163-170. [PMID: 29944394 DOI: 10.1637/11759-101717-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated histone 3 (PH3) and cleaved caspase 3 (CCASP3) were used to detect proliferating and apoptotic cells, respectively, in the jejunums of female sibling poults, with and without enteritis and depressed growth, from hatch to day 35. Poults that developed enteritis and depressed growth (SIB flock) were raised on a commercial farm in eastern North Carolina, whereas poults with normal growth and no enteritis (TAU flock) were raised in the Teaching Animal Unit at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Beginning on day 5 through day 35 and at processing, TAU poults were significantly heavier than SIB poults. Jejunal weights, relative jejunal weights, and jejunal densities were greater in SIB poults from day 10 through 35. Jejunal efficiency (body weight /jejunal length) was higher in TAU poults at day 5 and days 10 through 35. Mucosal thickness was greater in SIB poults between days 7 and 21 but greater in TAU poults at days 28 and 35. From day 7 to 35, villus-to-crypt ratios were higher for TAU poults and lower for SIB poults because hyperplastic crypts formed a greater percentage of the mucosa in SIB poults. By day 7, PH3- and CCASP3-positive cells were increased in SIB poults, showing that mucosal changes resulted from combined crypt epithelial hyperplasia and increased apoptosis of villous enterocytes. Findings in this study confirm that enteritis, in the absence of clinical signs, and depressed growth in turkey poults begins by day 7, can be identified microscopically, persists for at least 35 days, is associated with lower processing weights, and has a profound negative effect on turkey growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Fletcher
- A Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - R Mansell
- A Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - M P Martin
- A Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - L B Borst
- A Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - H John Barnes
- A Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - L M Gonzalez
- B Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607
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Ahn RS, Moslehi H, Martin MP, Abad-Santos M, Bowcock AM, Carrington M, Liao W. Inhibitory KIR3DL1 alleles are associated with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:449-51. [PMID: 26286807 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R S Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A..
| | - H Moslehi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A
| | - M P Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - M Abad-Santos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A
| | - A M Bowcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - M Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - W Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A
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Conesa A, Fernández-Mestre M, Padrón D, Toro F, Silva N, Tassinari P, Blanca I, Martin MP, Carrington M, Layrisse Z. Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the mestizo population from Venezuela. Tissue Antigens 2010; 75:724-9. [PMID: 20210918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study represents the first report on the distribution of KIR genes in 205 unrelated healthy mestizo Venezuelan individuals. Genotyping analysis showed that all KIR genes are present in this population. Frequency of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) exceeded 0.69, except for KIR2DL2 (0.29) and 2DL5 (0.37). Activating KIRs showed low frequencies (0.11-0.29), except for KIR2DS4 (0.68). Forty-five different KIR genotypes were identified, with a predominance of three genotypes found in 50.7% of the population of which 25.9% were individuals homozygous for haplotype A. The frequencies of KIR genes reflect the ethnic admixture existing in the mestizo Venezuelan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conesa
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, FOCIS Center of Excellence, Caracas, Venezuela
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Abdou AM, Gao X, Cozen W, Cerhan JR, Rothman N, Martin MP, Davis S, Schenk M, Chanock SJ, Hartge P, Carrington M, Wang SS. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A1-B8-DR3 (8.1) haplotype, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2010; 24:1055-8. [PMID: 20147981 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Martin MP, Single RM, Wilson MJ, Trowsdale J, Carrington M. KIR haplotypes defined by segregation analysis in 59 Centre d'Etude Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) families. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:767-74. [PMID: 18972110 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene cluster exhibits extensive allelic and haplotypic diversity. Variation at the locus is associated with an increasing number of human diseases, reminiscent of the HLA loci. Characterization of diversity at the KIR locus has progressed over the past several years, particularly since the sequence of entire KIR haplotypes have become available. To determine the extent of KIR haplotypic variability among individuals of northern European descent, we genotyped 59 CEPH families for presence/absence of all KIR genes and performed limited allelic subtyping at several KIR loci. A total of 20 unique haplotypes differing in gene content were identified, the most common of which was the previously defined A haplotype (f = 0.52). Several unusual haplotypes that probably arose as a consequence of unequal crossing over events were also identified. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated strong negative and positive LD between several pairs of genes, values that may be useful in determining haplotypic structure when family data are not available. These data provide a resource to aid in the interpretation of disease association data involving individuals of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Abstract
A flock of approximately 15,000 ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) was evaluated for a sudden increase in mortality and acute neurological signs after having been previously diagnosed 3 wk earlier with a chronic respiratory disease of undetermined etiology. Approximately 25 live birds were displaying neurological signs including circling, ataxia, and obtunded behavior and 50 birds were dead. Three birds with neurological signs were submitted for evaluation. Extensive subcutaneous hemorrhage over the head and penetrating puncture wounds through the skull and into the brain were found. Trauma from a wild predatory mammal, most likely the long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) that had invaded the pheasant house and expressed surplus killing behavior was determined to be the cause of the acute neurological signs and mortality. The relationship of the chronic respiratory disease to the predation episode was not determined but it is possible that pheasants with severe respiratory disease may have had increased susceptibility to predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Martin
- University of California at Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 1 Shields Avenue, 1114 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Torimiro JN, Carr JK, Wolfe ND, Karacki P, Martin MP, Gao X, Tamoufe U, Thomas A, Ngole EM, Birx DL, McCutchan FE, Burke DS, Carrington M. HLA class I diversity among rural rainforest inhabitants in Cameroon: identification of A*2612-B*4407 haplotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 67:30-7. [PMID: 16451198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The population distribution of alleles of the classical HLA class I loci in Cameroon has not been well studied but is of particular interest given the AIDS and malarial epidemics afflicting this population. We investigated the genetic diversity of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles in remote populations of Cameroon. Subjects from seven small, isolated, indigenous populations (N = 274) in the rainforest of southern Cameroon were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles using a polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assay and sequence analysis. Multiple alleles of the HLA-A (N = 28), HLA-B (N = 41) and HLA-C (N = 21) loci were identified, of which A*2301[allele frequency (AF) = 12.8%], B*5802 (AF = 10.9%) and Cw*0401 (AF = 16.6%) were the most frequent individual alleles and A*02 (AF = 19.0%), B*58 (AF = 15.9%) and Cw*07 (AF = 22.4%) the most common serologically defined groups of alleles. Twenty-six (28.9%) alleles with a frequency of less than 1% (AF < 1%), 39 (43%) with a frequency of 2.0-15.0% (AF = 2.0-15.0%), three globally uncommon alleles [A*2612 (AF = 2.0%), B*4016 (AF = 0.7%) and B*4407 (AF = 1.4%)], and the A*2612-Cw*0701/06/18-B*4407 haplotype (haplotype frequency = 1.3%) were also identified. Heterozygosity values of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.89 were determined for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, respectively. The extensive allelic and haplotypic diversity observed in this population may have resulted from varied natural selective pressures on the population, as well as intermingling of peoples from multiple origins. Thus, from an anthropologic perspective, these data highlight the challenges in T-cell-based vaccine development, the identification of allogeneic transplant donors and the understanding of infectious disease patterns in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Torimiro
- Walter Reed - Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde.
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Abstract
Leukocyte behavior is controlled by a balance of inhibitory and stimulatory signals generated on ligand binding to a complex set of receptors located on the cell surface. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes encode one such, family of receptors expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, key components of the innate immune system that participate in early responses against infected or transformed cells through production of cytokines and direct cytotoxicity. KIRs are also expressed on a subset of T cells, where they contribute to the intensity of acquired immune responses. Recognition of self HLA class I ligands by inhibitory KIR allows NK cells to identify normal cells, preventing an NK cell-mediated response against healthy autologous cells. Activation of NK cells through stimulatory receptors is directed toward cells with altered expression of class I, a situation characteristic of some virally infected cells and tumor cells. The "missing self" model for NK cell activation was proposed to explain killing of cells that express little or no class I, while cells expressing normal levels of class I are spared. Studies performed over the last several years have revealed extensive diversity at the KIR gene locus, which stems from both its polygenic (variable numbers of genes depending on KIR haplotype) and multiallelic polymorphism. Given the role of KIR in both arms of the immune response, their specificity for HLA class I allotypes, and their extensive genomic diversity, it is reasonable to imagine that KIR gene variation affects resistance and susceptibility to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Consequently, the evolution of KIR locus diversity within and across populations may be a function of disease morbidity and mortality. Here we review a growing body of evidence purporting the influence of KIR polymorphism in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 560 Rm. 21-89, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Carreon JD, Martin MP, Hildesheim A, Gao X, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Bratti MC, Sherman ME, Zaino RJ, Carrington M, Wang SS. Human leukocyte antigen class I and II haplotypes and risk of cervical cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:321-4. [PMID: 16185329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variations may affect immune response to human papillomavirus infection and subsequent cervical neoplasia risk. We investigated the frequency and relationship between HLA-A-B and HLA-A-B-DR haplotypes among women with cervical cancer/high-grade lesions (n=365) and cytologically normal population controls (n=681) within three cervical neoplasia studies in the US and Costa Rica. Notable differences in haplotype frequencies were observed; the HLA-A*01-B*08 haplotype occurred in >5% of US Caucasians but in <1% of Costa Ricans. The most prevalent HLA-A*24-B*40-DR*04 haplotype in Costa Rica (5%) was found in <1% of US Caucasians. No HLA haplotype was significantly associated with cervical neoplasia, suggesting that individual allele associations reported to date (e.g. HLA-DR*13) are not likely explained by underlying haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Carreon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Bream
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer, Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Abstract
A case of intravenous leiomyomatosis with massive ascites is reported. This is the first such recorded case. The patient was treated with a subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathological examination established a vessel wall origin. There is no evidence of recurrence up to 20 months after initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mullings
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of The West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Martin MP, Gerlach VL, Brow DA. A novel upstream RNA polymerase III promoter element becomes essential when the chromatin structure of the yeast U6 RNA gene is altered. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:6429-39. [PMID: 11533232 PMCID: PMC99790 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.19.6429-6439.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae U6 RNA gene, SNR6, possesses upstream sequences that allow productive binding in vitro of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription initiation factor IIIB (TFIIIB) in the absence of TFIIIC or other assembly factors. TFIIIC-independent transcription of SNR6 in vitro is highly sensitive to point mutations in a consensus TATA box at position -30. In contrast, the TATA box is dispensable for SNR6 transcription in vivo, apparently because TFIIIC bound to the intragenic A block and downstream B block can recruit TFIIIB via protein-protein interactions. A mutant allele of SNR6 with decreased spacing between the A and B blocks, snr6-Delta42, exhibits increased dependence on the upstream sequences in vivo. Unexpectedly, we find that in vivo expression of snr6-Delta42 is much more sensitive to mutations in a (dT-dA)(7) tract between the TATA box and transcription start site than to mutations in the TATA box itself. Inversion of single base pairs in the center of the dT-dA tract nearly abolishes transcription of snr6-Delta42, yet inversion of all 7 base pairs has little effect on expression, indicating that the dA-dT tract is relatively orientation independent. Although it is within the TFIIIB footprint, point mutations in the dT-dA tract do not inhibit TFIIIB binding or TFIIIC-independent transcription of SNR6 in vitro. In the absence of the chromatin architectural protein Nhp6, dT-dA tract mutations are lethal even when A-to-B block spacing is wild type. We conclude that the (dT-dA)(7) tract and Nhp6 cooperate to direct productive transcription complex assembly on SNR6 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1532, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Ginel
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Gao X, Nelson GW, Karacki P, Martin MP, Phair J, Kaslow R, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, Vlahov D, O'Brien SJ, Carrington M. Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1668-75. [PMID: 11386265 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200105313442203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From studies of genetic polymorphisms and the rate of progression from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it appears that the strongest susceptibility is conferred by the major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class I type HLA-B*35,Cw*04 allele. However, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses have been observed against HIV-1 epitopes presented by HLA-B*3501, the most common HLA-B*35 subtype. We examined subtypes of HLA-B*35 in five cohorts and analyzed the relation of structural differences between HLA-B*35 subtypes to the risk of progression to AIDS. METHODS Genotyping of HLA class I loci was performed for 850 patients who seroconverted and had known dates of HIV-1 infection. Survival analyses with respect to the rate of progression to AIDS were performed to identify the effects of closely related HLA-B*35 subtypes with different peptide-binding specificities. RESULTS HLA-B*35 subtypes were divided into two groups according to peptide-binding specificity: the HLA-B*35-PY group, which consists primarily of HLA-B*3501 and binds epitopes with proline in position 2 and tyrosine in position 9; and the more broadly reactive HLA-B*35-Px group, which also binds epitopes with proline in position 2 but can bind several different amino acids (not including tyrosine) in position 9. The influence of HLA-B*35 in accelerating progression to AIDS was completely attributable to HLA-B*35-Px alleles, some of which differ from HLA-B*35-PY alleles by only one amino acid residue. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows that, in patients with HIV-1 infection, a single amino acid change in HLA molecules has a substantial effect on the rate of progression to AIDS. The different consequences of HLA-B*35-PY and HLA-B*35-Px in terms of disease progression highlight the importance of the epitope specificities of closely related class I molecules in the immune defense against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation Frederick and the National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
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An P, Martin MP, Nelson GW, Carrington M, Smith MW, Gong K, Vlahov D, O'Brien SJ, Winkler CA. Influence of CCR5 promoter haplotypes on AIDS progression in African-Americans. AIDS 2000; 14:2117-22. [PMID: 11061652 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200009290-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that the CCR5 promoter variants in HIV-1-infected African-Americans affect the rate of progression to AIDS and to determine the extent of linkage disequilibrium between the CCR5P1 allele and the CCR5 59029A variant (referred to here as CCR5-2459A), both of which have been shown independently to accelerate AIDS progression in Caucasians. DESIGN We used survival analysis to assess the effects of CCR5 promoter variants in HIV-1 seroincident Caucasians and African-Americans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Genotypes were determined for 806 Caucasians and 1067 African-Americans, which included 700 seroconverters, enrolled in four HIV/AIDS natural history cohort studies. These genotypes were used to determine linkage and haplotypes for CCR2 and CCR5 alleles. Survival analysis was used to assess the effect of CCR2, CCR5, and CCR5 promoter haplotypes on progression to AIDS in seroincident African-Americans. RESULTS A survey of Caucasians and African-Americans demonstrated complete linkage disequilibrium between CCR5P1 and CCR5-2459A sites. The composite CCR5P1 haplotype (including the CCR5-2459A allele) is shown to be associated with rapid progression to AIDS endpoints in both African-American and Caucasian cohorts, but the effect is recessive in Caucasians and dominant in African-Americans. This is probably due to the presence of modulating genes or as yet unidentified polymorphisms that may differ between racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P An
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201, USA
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Abstract
The chemokine receptor gene, CCR5, has become a central theme in studies of host genetic effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis ever since the discovery that the CCR5 molecule serves as a major cell surface co-receptor for the virus. A growing number of genetic variants within the coding and 5' regulatory region of CCR5 have been identified, several of which have functional consequences for HIV-1 pathogenesis. Here we review the CCR5 literature describing CCR5 polymorphism and the functional ramifications that several of these variants have on HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. The multiplicity of CCR5 genetic effects on HIV-1 disease underscores the critical importance of this gene in controlling AIDS pathogenesis and provides the logic for develop-ment of therapeutic strategies that target the interaction of HIV-1 envelope and CCR5 in HIV-1 associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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19
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Abstract
Primary gene amplification, the mutation from one gene copy per genome to two or more copies per genome, is a major mechanism of oncogene overexpression in human cancers. Analysis of the structures of amplifications can provide important evidence about the mechanism of amplification formation. We report here the analysis of the structures of four independent spontaneous circular amplifications of ADH4:CUP1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The structures of all four amplifications are consistent with their formation by a breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) mechanism. All four of these amplifications include a centromere as predicted by the BFB model. All four of the amplifications have a novel joint located between the amplified DNA and the telomere, which results in a dicentric chromosome, and is adjacent to all the copies of the amplified DNA as predicted by the BFB model. In addition we demonstrated that two of the amplifications contain most of chromosome VII in an unrearranged form in a 1:1 ratio with the normal copy of chromosome VII, again consistent with the predictions of the BFB model. Finally, all four amplifications are circular, one stable endpoint for molecules after breakage- fusion-bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Moore
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Moore IK, Martin MP, Paquin CE. Telomere sequences at the novel joints of four independent amplifications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Environ Mol Mutagen 2000; 36:105-112. [PMID: 11013408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Primary gene amplification, the mutation from one copy of a gene per genome to two or more genes per genome is a major mechanism of oncogene overexpression. We previously developed a system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to phenotypically detect primary amplifications of a reporter cassette, ADH4:CUP1. We present here the sequence analysis of novel joints from four independent, spontaneous circular amplifications identified by the ADH4:CUP1 system. All four novel joints consist of C(1-3) A telomeric repeats joined to short (14- to 16-bp) CA-rich tracts between ADH4 and the telomere of chromosome VII. In three of the four amplifications, the telomeric sequence and the CA-rich tract that are joined in the amplification are normally located in inverted orientation to each other on chromosome VII. In the fourth amplification, the CA-rich tract on chromosome VII is joined to telomere sequences from another chromosome. We suggest that formation of these amplifications was initiated by recombination between these CA-rich tracts and a telomere. The resulting dicentric chromosome could start a breakage-fusion-bridge cycle that could be resolved by the formation of a circular amplification structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Moore
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Lockett SF, Alonso A, Wyld R, Martin MP, Robertson JR, Gore SM, Leen CL, Brettle RP, Yirrell DL, Carrington M, Brown AJ. Effect of chemokine receptor mutations on heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:614-21. [PMID: 10438347 DOI: 10.1086/314918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of mutations at the CCR-2 and CCR-5 loci on heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, 144 persons heterosexually exposed to HIV (infected and uninfected [EU]) and 57 HIV-positive index partners were genotyped. A significantly higher frequency of 64I heterozygotes at CCR-2 was observed in HIV-positive than in EU women (P=.02, relative risk=1.6). The allele frequency of 64I in women was 8% in HIV-positive contacts and 1% in EUs (P<.02). At CCR-5, no difference in the frequency of Delta32 was seen between groups, and the CCR-5 genotypes did not differ in accumulated "at-risk" exposure in EUs. Combining the analysis of the Delta32 and 64I mutations in index partners suggested an additive effect on transmission (P=.10). Thus heterozygosity for 64I at CCR-2 acts as a risk factor for HIV infection of women after heterosexual contact but heterozygosity for Delta32 at CCR-5 has no detectable effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Lockett
- Centre for HIV Research, Institute of Cell, Animal, and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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22
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Carrington M, Nelson GW, Martin MP, Kissner T, Vlahov D, Goedert JJ, Kaslow R, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, O'Brien SJ. HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage. Science 1999; 283:1748-52. [PMID: 10073943 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5408.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 853] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A selective advantage against infectious disease associated with increased heterozygosity at the human major histocompatibility complex [human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II] is believed to play a major role in maintaining the extraordinary allelic diversity of these genes. Maximum HLA heterozygosity of class I loci (A, B, and C) delayed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) onset among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1), whereas individuals who were homozygous for one or more loci progressed rapidly to AIDS and death. The HLA class I alleles B*35 and Cw*04 were consistently associated with rapid development of AIDS-defining conditions in Caucasians. The extended survival of 28 to 40 percent of HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients who avoided AIDS for ten or more years can be attributed to their being fully heterozygous at HLA class I loci, to their lacking the AIDS-associated alleles B*35 and Cw*04, or to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington
- Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation Frederick, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Martin MP, Dean M, Smith MW, Winkler C, Gerrard B, Michael NL, Lee B, Doms RW, Margolick J, Buchbinder S, Goedert JJ, O'Brien TR, Hilgartner MW, Vlahov D, O'Brien SJ, Carrington M. Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5. Science 1998; 282:1907-11. [PMID: 9836644 DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5395.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The CCR5 gene encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for macrophage-tropic (R5) strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Genetic association analysis of five cohorts of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) revealed that infected individuals homozygous for a multisite haplotype of the CCR5 regulatory region containing the promoter allele, CCR5P1, progress to AIDS more rapidly than those with other CCR5 promoter genotypes, particularly in the early years after infection. Composite genetic epidemiologic analyses of genotypes bearing CCR5P1, CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A affirmed distinct regulatory influences for each gene on AIDS progression. An estimated 10 to 17 percent of patients who develop AIDS within 3.5 years of HIV-1 infection do so because they are homozygous for CCR5P1/P1, and 7 to 13 percent of all people carry this susceptible genotype. The cumulative and interactive influence of these AIDS restriction genes illustrates the multigenic nature of host factors limiting AIDS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Martin
- Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD 21702, USA
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Martin MP, Carrington M, Dean M, O'Brien SJ, Sheppard HW, Wegner SA, Michael NL. CXCR4 polymorphisms and HIV-1 pathogenesis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 19:430. [PMID: 9833755 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199812010-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martin MP, Harding A, Chadwwick R, Kronick M, Cullen M, Lin L, Mignot E, Carrington M. Characterization of 12 microsatellite loci of the human MHC in a panel of reference cell lines. Immunogenetics 1998; 47:503. [PMID: 9553161 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MP Martin
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Martin MP, Harding A, Chadwick R, Kronick M, Cullen M, Lin L, Mignot E, Carrington M. Characterization of 12 microsatellite loci of the human MHC in a panel of reference cell lines. Immunogenetics 1998; 47:131-8. [PMID: 9396859 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human genome contains a large number of interspersed microsatellite repeats which exhibit a high degree of polymorphism and are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, making them extremely useful genetic markers. Several microsatellites have been described in the HLA region, but allele nomenclature, a set of broadly distributed controls, and typing methods have not been standardized, which has resulted in discrepant microsatellite data between laboratories. In this report we present a detailed protocol for genotyping microsatellites using a semi-automated fluorescence-based method. Twelve microsatellites within or near the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were typed in the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop homozygous typing cell lines (HTCs) and alleles were designated based on size. All loci were sequenced in two HTCs providing some information on the level of complexity of the repeat sequence. A comparison of allele size obtained by genotyping versus that obtained by direct sequencing showed minor discrepancies in some cases, but these were not unexpected given the technical differences in the methodologies. Fluorescence-based typing of microsatellites in the MHC described herein is highly efficient, accurate, and reproducible, and will allow comparison of results between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Martin
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Martin MP, Jonville-Bera AP, Bera F, Caillard X, Autret E. [Interaction between misoprostol and acenocoumarol]. Presse Med 1995; 24:195. [PMID: 7899360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Abstract
HTLV-II has been associated with a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders, including atypical hairy cell leukemia, chronic T cell leukemia, T prolymphocytic leukemia, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia. However, a direct or indirect role for HTLV-II in these disorders is not yet firmly established. We studied a patient diagnosed as having leukemia of the large granular lymphocyte (LGL) type who was HTLV-II seropositive, to determine if the expanded cell population was infected. Two populations of CD3-CD16+ LGL were identified; one was CD8+, the other CD8-. Populations of cells with these surface markers as well as normal CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells were separated by flow cytometric methods, DNA extracted, and gene regions of HTLV-II pol and tax amplified, using the polymerase chain reaction, and probed after Southern blotting. HTLV-II was detected in the CD3+CD8+ population, and not in the CD3-CD16+ large granular lymphocyte population. This finding indicates that the role of HTLV-II, if any, in LGL proliferation is indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Martin
- Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201
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29
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Coard KC, Martin MP. Ruptured saccular pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with persistent ductus arteriosus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992; 116:159-61. [PMID: 1733410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of rupture of a saccular pulmonary artery aneurysm with fatal hemopericardium in a 29-year-old man who also had persistent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary hypertension. Histologic examination of the pulmonary artery showed cystic medionecrosis similar to that observed in patients with ruptured dissecting pulmonary artery aneurysms. The two types of ruptured aneurysms probably only represent different morphological expressions in the same underlying process in which the main contributory factor is pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Coard
- Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Souliere CR, Antoine GA, Martin MP, Blumberg AI, Isaacson G. Selective non-surgical management of subperiosteal abscess of the orbit: computerized tomography and clinical course as indication for surgical drainage. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1990; 19:109-19. [PMID: 1695617 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5876(90)90216-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit (SPA) in childhood is an uncommon but serious sequela of sinusitis, with partial or complete visual loss as the most common complication. Traditional management of SPA has combined systemic antibiotics with immediate surgical drainage. The records of 120 children admitted from 1982-1986 with the diagnosis of periorbital or orbital cellulitis were reviewed. Ten cases of SPA were documented by CT scan (8%). Antecedent ethmoid sinusitis was present in all cases. Five SPA patients were managed with intravenous antibiotics and nasal decongestants alone. All had complete clinical and radiographic resolution without complication. The remaining 5 patients underwent surgical drainage. Two patients required immediate drainage due to total ophthalmoplegia upon presentation. One case of postoperative epidural abscess occurred one week after external fronto-ethmoidectomy among these two patients. The remaining 3 patients did not respond adequately to medical therapy alone and underwent surgical drainage without complication. Length of hospital stay in both medical and surgical groups was similar. We conclude that SPA can be safely managed by medical therapy alone in selected cases. Criteria for surgical intervention of documented SPA while on optimal medical therapy should include: worsening of visual acuity or ocular motility, or failure to improve clinically within 48 h. The presence of SPA alone should no longer be considered an absolute indication for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Souliere
- Department of Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, HI 96859-5000
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32
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Knight V, White A, Hemmerly T, Martin MP. Studies on the Origin of Drug-Resistant Staphylococci in a Mental Hospital. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1959; 70:30-48. [PMID: 21407776 PMCID: PMC2249122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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