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Alqarni MM, Memon AA, Memon MA, Mahmoud EE, Fenta A. Numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of ternary nanofluids through convergent and divergent channels. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6897-6912. [PMID: 38059033 PMCID: PMC10696922 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of nanomaterials have garnered significant attention in recent research on natural and forced convection. This study focuses on the forced convection characteristics of ternary nanofluids within convergent and divergent channels. The ternary nanofluid comprises titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silver suspended in water, which serves as the base fluid. Using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0, a reliable software for finite element analysis, numerical simulations were conducted for steady and incompressible two-dimensional flow. Reynolds numbers varying from 100 to 800 were employed to investigate forced convection. Additionally, we explored aspect ratios (channel height divided by the height of the convergent or divergent section) of -0.4, -0.2, 0, 0.2, and 0.4. Our findings revealed that only at aspect ratio a = 0.4 did the average outlet temperature increase as the Reynolds number rose, while other aspect ratios exhibited decreasing average temperatures with declining Reynolds numbers. Moreover, as the Reynolds number increased from 100 to 800 and the total volume fraction of the ternary nanofluids ranged from 0.003 to 0.15, there was a significant 100% enhancement in the average Nusselt number. For clarity, this article briefly presents essential information, such as the study's numerical nature, fluid properties (constant-property fluid), and the methodology (COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0, finite element analysis). Key conclusions are highlighted to enable readers to grasp the main outcomes at a glance. These details are also adequately covered in the manuscript to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the research. The utilization of this emerging phenomenon holds immense potential in various applications, ranging from the development of highly efficient heat exchangers to the optimization of thermal energy systems. This phenomenon can be harnessed in scenarios in which effective cost management in thermal production is a critical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alqarni
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid A Memon
- Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University Sukkur 65200 Sindh Pakistan
| | - M Asif Memon
- Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University Sukkur 65200 Sindh Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Parit Raja Batu Pahat 86400 Johor Malaysia
| | - Emad E Mahmoud
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University PO Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amsalu Fenta
- Department of Physics, Mizan Tepi University PO Box 121 Tepi Ethiopia
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Al Zomia AS, Alqarni MM, Alaskari AA, Al Qaed A, Alqarni AM, Muqbil AM, Alshehri DM, Lahiq LA, Alhifthi MA, Alshahrani Y. Child Anxiety, Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Following Orthopedic Trauma. Cureus 2023; 15:e42140. [PMID: 37602069 PMCID: PMC10438159 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children and adolescents are exposed to different types of trauma, e.g., abuse or various disasters. Trauma can cause severe and long-term impairment and consequences, the most studied of which are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptoms (PTSS). PTSD is highly prevalent in clinical practice (with a frequency of about 7%) and is a debilitating consequence of trauma. AIM The current study aimed to assess childhood injuries and their associated anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder following orthopedic trauma. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, including all pediatric patients with trauma at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital in the Seer region of Saudi Arabia, as well as pediatric patients with trauma at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital during the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Data were collected from the children's caregivers using a direct interview questionnaire to assess the children's personal data, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Children's trauma-related data were extracted from their medical records using a pre-structured data extraction sheet. RESULTS A total of 100 children with trauma were included. Children ranged in age from eight to 12 years, with a mean age of 7.3 ± 3.4 years. In all, 67 (67.0%) children were males, and only 6 (6.0%) had chronic health problems. The vast majority of the children with trauma had a low-severity experience of depression and anxiety following trauma (97.1% for each), and only one child had a high-severity experience of depression and anxiety. In all, 5 (4.9%) children with trauma experienced clinically significant PTSD, and the vast majority of them showed a low likelihood of the disorder. Multiple fractures and undergoing surgery were significant predictors of developing PTSD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current study revealed that bone trauma was frequent among children, mainly due to playing accidents. Also, a low prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders and their mental consequences was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Al Zomia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | | | | | - Abdullah Al Qaed
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | | | | | - Daher M Alshehri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Lama A Lahiq
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | | | - Yazeed Alshahrani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Alqarni MM, Alaskari AA, Al Zomia AS, Moqbil AM, Alshahrani YS, Lahiq L, Alshahrani SS, Alqahtani AA, Alqarni AM. Epidemiology and Pattern of Orthopedic Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Implications for Injury Prevention. Cureus 2023; 15:e39482. [PMID: 37378247 PMCID: PMC10291956 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopedic injuries are prevalent in children and can result in hospitalization and damage. The number of accidental injuries among children increases every year, leading to a huge burden on communities and health institutions. AIM This study aimed to assess the epidemiological pattern of orthopedic trauma among children and adolescents in Abha, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective record-based study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological pattern of orthopedic trauma among children and adolescents treated at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital in Saudi Arabia, a traumatic center for pediatric patients. The study covered all children and adolescents treated at the hospital for orthopedic trauma. The parents of the children and adolescents were called to get their consent to participate in the study. The following data were extracted from the medical files: personal information, medical history, trauma-related details, management, hospitalization, and complications. RESULTS A total of 295 children and adolescents were included. The mean ± standard deviation age was 6.8 ± 3.1 years old (range 1 month to 13 years). Of the patients, 186 (63.1%) were male. The most reported causes of traumas were fall from height (48.1%) and injury while playing (19.7%). The most affected body parts included the forearm (22.4%), head (21.7%), thigh (20%), and leg (10.8%). The vast majority of the children and adolescents (87.1%) had no complications. CONCLUSION The current study revealed that pediatric orthopedic injuries are not rare, and there is a higher likelihood of injuries among young male children. Fall from height and play-associated injuries are the most frequent causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mofarah Alqarni
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Abha Maternity and Children Hospital, Abha, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Lama Lahiq
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Alhowaity A, Bilal M, Hamam H, Alqarni MM, Mukdasai K, Ali A. Non-Fourier energy transmission in power-law hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving sheet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10406. [PMID: 35729246 PMCID: PMC9213488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol is commonly used as a cooling agent in the engine, therefore the study associated with EG has great importance in engineering and mechanical fields. The hybrid nanofluid has been synthesized by adding copper and graphene nanoparticles into the Ethylene glycol, which obeys the power-law rheological model and exhibits shear rate-dependent viscosity. As a result of these features, the power-law model is utilized in conjunction with thermophysical characteristics and basic rules of heat transport in the fluid to simulate the physical situations under consideration. The Darcy Forchhemier hybrid nanofluid flow has been studied under the influence of heat source and magnetic field over a two-dimensionally stretchable moving permeable surface. The phenomena are characterized as a nonlinear system of PDEs. Using resemblance replacement, the modeled equations are simplified to a nondimensional set of ODEs. The Parametric Continuation Method has been used to simulate the resulting sets of nonlinear differential equations. Figures and tables depict the effects of physical constraints on energy, velocity and concentration profiles. It has been noted that the dispersion of copper and graphene nanoparticulate to the base fluid ethylene glycol significantly improves velocity and heat conduction rate over a stretching surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatif Alhowaity
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Haneen Hamam
- Mathematics Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Alqarni
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanit Mukdasai
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Aatif Ali
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
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Ullah A, Ahmad S, Rahman GU, Alqarni MM, Mahmoud EE. Impact of pangolin bootleg market on the dynamics of COVID-19 model. Results Phys 2021; 23:103913. [PMID: 33623730 PMCID: PMC7892304 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we consider ant-eating pangolin as a possible source of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) and propose a new mathematical model describing the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. Our new model is based on the hypotheses that the pangolin and human populations are divided into measurable partitions and also incorporates pangolin bootleg market or reservoir. First we study the important mathematical properties like existence, boundedness and positivity of solution of the proposed model. After finding the threshold quantity for the underlying model, the possible stationary states are explored. We exploit linearization as well as Lyapanuv function theory to exhibit local stability analysis of the model in terms of the threshold quantity. We then discuss the global stability analyses of the newly introduced model and found conditions for its stability in terms of the basic reproduction number. It is also shown that for certain values of R 0 , our model exhibits a backward bifurcation. Numerical simulations are performed to verify and support our analytical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ullah
- Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghaus Ur Rahman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, District Swat, Pakistan
| | - M M Alqarni
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad E Mahmoud
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Abstract
Neonatal thrombosis is considered a rare manifestation with unclear aetiology. We reported a neonatal lupus of a Sjogren’s syndrome mother with recurrent miscarriage secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome; seronegative to anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and B2GP1. She was serologically positive to antiphosphatidylethanolamine and antiprothrombin antibodies, anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La. The neonate developed neonatal lupus complicated with right ventricular thrombus assumed to be induced by maternal transmission of antiphosphatidylethanolamine and antiprothrombin antibodies, treated successfully with tissue plasminogen activator and warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Elnady
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
- Department of Rheumatology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, KSA
| | - M M Alqarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, KSA
| | - M A Mostafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Benha University, Egypt
- Department of Neonatology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, KSA
| | - E S Fouda
- Department of Neonatology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, KSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Menoufia University, Egypt
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