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Bellu L, Navarria P, Clerici E, Pessina F, Politi L, Savini G, Lillo S, Marzo M, Scorsetti M. P15.14.B Radionecrosis versus progression in brain tumors: results of a promising MRI tools. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Distinguish between radiation necrosis (RN) and tumor progression, in patients with irradiated primary or metastatic brain tumors, is a diagnostic challenge. Also the use of new MRI sequences, like diffusion, perfusion-weighted and spectroscopy, or PET with new amino acid tracers, is not always able to differentiate these two entities.To overcome this crucial problem, encouraging results have been obtained using the analysis of delayed contrast extravasation MRI to calculate high resolution maps, called “treatment response assessment maps” (TRAMs). Aim of this exploratory analysis is to assess TRAM ability in differentiate between radiation effect and tumor progression in a small cohort of brain tumor patients treated with radiation therapy (RT).
Material and Methods
Thirty-four patients irradiated for primary and metastatic brain tumors were evaluated. 12 patients have primary brain tumors, 22 patients have brain metastases from different solid tumors. Distinguish by histological subtypes and type of treatment, the 12 patients with primary brain tumors were: 8 glioblastoma, 2 anaplastic astrocitoma, 1 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma WHO grade II, and 1 anaplastic xanthoastrocytoma WHO grade III, treated with surgery followed by RT and concomitant and\or adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Among brain metastatic patients, primary tumor was: 18 non-small cell lung cancer, 2 malignant melanoma, 1 breast cancer and 1 renal cell carcinoma. All of them were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery at the dose of 20-24Gy in 1fraction, or with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy at the dose of 27-30Gy in 3fractions. All images were uploaded and elaborate into the image workstation ([Brainlab AG, Olof-Palme-Straße 9, 81829 Munich]). TRAMs were calculated by subtracting T1 MRI images acquired 5 minutes after contrast injection from the T1 MRI images acquired 60-105 minutes later. On TRAMs, radiation effects appeared as red areas whereas persistent tumoral lesion appeared as blue areas.
Results
From February 2021, 34 patients have been evaluated, in a prospective study, with this novel MRI modality. During their follow-up, 13patients (38%) showed a clinicoradiologic suspicion of a persistent tumoral lesion or progressive disease, and 21 (62%) a suspicion of RN. For 14patients a brain MET-PET has been performed. TRAMs analysis have shown a fair agreement with clinicoradiologic diagnosis, perfusion-weighted MRI, and PET imaging. Moreover, 7 patients underwent surgical resection, with histopathological confirm of persistent disease in 4 and radionecrosis in 3.
Conclusion
These preliminary results show the ability of TRAMs evaluation in distinguish between RN and progressive disease. The recruitment of new patients continues, and further evaluations are ongoing to evaluate sensitivity and positive predictive value of TRAMs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bellu
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - P Navarria
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - E Clerici
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - F Pessina
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - L Politi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - G Savini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - S Lillo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - M Marzo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
| | - M Scorsetti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy
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Abstract
Modeling developmental toxicity has been a challenge for (Q)SAR model developers due to the complexity of the endpoint. Recently, some new in silico methods have been developed introducing the possibility to evaluate the integration of existing methods by taking advantage of various modeling perspectives. It is important that the model user is aware of the underlying basis of the different models in general, as well as the considerations and assumptions relative to the specific predictions that are obtained from these different models for the same chemical. The evaluation on the predictions needs to be done on a case-by-case basis, checking the analogues (possibly using structural, physicochemical, and toxicological information); for this purpose, the assessment of the applicability domain of the models provides further confidence in the model prediction. In this chapter, we present some examples illustrating an approach to combine human-based rules and statistical methods to support the prediction of developmental toxicity; we also discuss assumptions and uncertainties of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sunil Kulkarni
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Gadaleta D, d'Alessandro L, Marzo M, Benfenati E, Roncaglioni A. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling of the Amplex Ultrared Assay to Predict Thyroperoxidase Inhibitory Activity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713037. [PMID: 34456728 PMCID: PMC8387701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid system plays a major role in the regulation of several physiological processes. The dysregulation of the thyroid system caused by the interference of xenobiotics and contaminants may bring to pathologies like hyper- and hypothyroidism and it has been recently correlated with adverse outcomes leading to cancer, obesity, diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders. Thyroid disruption can occur at several levels. For example, the inhibition of thyroperoxidase (TPO) enzyme, which catalyses the synthesis of thyroid hormones, may cause dysfunctions related to hypothyroidism. The inhibition of the TPO enzyme can occur as a consequence of prolonged exposure to chemical compounds, for this reason it is of utmost importance to identify alternative methods to evaluate the large amount of pollutants and other chemicals that may pose a potential hazard to the human health. In this work, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict the TPO inhibitory potential of chemicals are presented. Models are developed by means of several machine learning and data selection approaches, and are based on data obtained in vitro with the Amplex UltraRed-thyroperoxidase (AUR-TPO) assay. Balancing methods and feature selection are applied during model development. Models are rigorously evaluated through internal and external validation. Based on validation results, two models based on Balanced Random Forest (BRF) and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithms were selected for a further validation phase, that leads predictive performance (BA = 0.76-0.78 on external data) that is comparable with the reported experimental variability of the AUR-TPO assay (BA ∼0.70). Finally, a consensus between the two models was proposed (BA = 0.82). Based on the predictive performance, these models can be considered suitable for toxicity screening of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca d'Alessandro
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Toma C, Manganaro A, Raitano G, Marzo M, Gadaleta D, Baderna D, Roncaglioni A, Kramer N, Benfenati E. QSAR Models for Human Carcinogenicity: An Assessment Based on Oral and Inhalation Slope Factors. Molecules 2020; 26:E127. [PMID: 33383938 PMCID: PMC7796303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenicity is a crucial endpoint for the safety assessment of chemicals and products. During the last few decades, the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) models has gained importance for regulatory use, in combination with in vitro testing or expert-based reasoning. Several classification models can now predict both human and rat carcinogenicity, but there are few models to quantitatively assess carcinogenicity in humans. To our knowledge, slope factor (SF), a parameter describing carcinogenicity potential used especially for human risk assessment of contaminated sites, has never been modeled for both inhalation and oral exposures. In this study, we developed classification and regression models for inhalation and oral SFs using data from the Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS) and different machine learning approaches. The models performed well in classification, with accuracies for the external set of 0.76 and 0.74 for oral and inhalation exposure, respectively, and r2 values of 0.57 and 0.65 in the regression models for oral and inhalation SFs in external validation. These models might therefore support regulators in (de)prioritizing substances for regulatory action and in weighing evidence in the context of chemical safety assessments. Moreover, these models are implemented on the VEGA platform and are now freely downloadable online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Toma
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Giuseppa Raitano
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Nynke Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.); (M.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
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Ghirardelli P, Franceschini D, D'Aveni A, Dominici L, Ravasio A, Marzo M, Villa E, Di Noia V, Scorsetti M, Vavassori V, Ceresoli GL. Salvage radiotherapy for oligo-progressive malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2020; 152:1-6. [PMID: 33310300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No standard treatment option is available for patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) progressing after upfront chemotherapy. We aimed to explore the role of focal radiotherapy (FRT) as a treatment modality for oligo-progressive MPM. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, consecutive patients pretreated with ≥1 lines of chemotherapy were included. Oligo-progressive MPM was defined as an unresectable disease with radiological progression at ≤3 sites according to a chest-abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Patients were treated with either stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT, ≥5 Gy per fraction) or hypo-fractionated radiotherapy (hypoRT, <5 Gy per fraction). Time to further systemic therapy (TFST) and local control (LC) after FRT were the primary endpoints. Biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated using three different alpha/beta models (1.5 Gy, 3 Gy and 10 Gy). RESULTS From April 2006 to March 2019, 37 patients were treated on 43 pleural lesions; 16/37 (43 %) had undergone upfront multimodality treatment (MMT) including surgery. FRT was given in 22/37 (59.5 %) after one line of chemotherapy. SBRT was delivered for 26/43 lesions (60.5 %), hypoRT for 17/43 (39.5 %). Median TFST was 6 months (95 % CI 4.9-7.1). LC at 6 months and 1 year was 84 % and 76 %, respectively. Median TFST was longer in patients treated after 1 vs >1 line of chemotherapy (9 vs 4 months, p = 0.001) and in patients pretreated with MMT (6 vs 3 months, p = 0.021). Six-month LC was better in patients treated with a BED > 100 using alpha/beta 1.5 and 3. No ≥ G3 acute or late toxicities were reported. CONCLUSION FRT was feasible in selected patients with oligo-progressive MPM, allowing delay of further systemic therapies, with no severe toxicity. FRT was more effective when performed at progression after one line of systemic therapy. Our results suggest a radio-resistant behavior of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ghirardelli
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Davide Franceschini
- Department of Radiotherapy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Aveni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Dominici
- Department of Radiotherapy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Villa
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Noia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Department of Radiotherapy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Vavassori
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Ceresoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125 Bergamo, Italy.
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Lavado GJ, Gadaleta D, Toma C, Golbamaki A, Toropov AA, Toropova AP, Marzo M, Baderna D, Arning J, Benfenati E. Zebrafish AC 50 modelling: (Q)SAR models to predict developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 202:110936. [PMID: 32800219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity refers to the occurrence of adverse effects on a developing organism as a consequence of exposure to hazardous chemicals. The assessment of developmental toxicity has become relevant to the safety assessment process of chemicals. The zebrafish embryo developmental toxicology assay is an emerging test used to screen the teratogenic potential of chemicals and it is proposed as a promising test to replace teratogenic assays with animals. Supported by the increased availability of data from this test, the developmental toxicity assay with zebrafish has become an interesting endpoint for the in silico modelling. The purpose of this study was to build up quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. In this work, new in silico models for the evaluation of developmental toxicity were built using a well-defined set of data from the ToxCastTM Phase I chemical library on the zebrafish embryo. Categorical and continuous QSAR models were built by gradient boosting machine learning and the Monte Carlo technique respectively, in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development principles and their statistical quality was satisfactory. The classification model reached balanced accuracy 0.89 and Matthews correlation coefficient 0.77 on the test set. The regression model reached correlation coefficient R2 0.70 in external validation and leave-one-out cross-validated Q2 0.73 in internal validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna J Lavado
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosimo Toma
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Azadi Golbamaki
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrey A Toropov
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Alla P Toropova
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Jürgen Arning
- Umweltbundesamt - German Federal Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
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Franceschini D, Loi M, Chiola I, Arculeo S, Marzo M, Fernandes B, Masci G, Torrisi R, Tinterri C, Testori A, Santoro A, Scorsetti M. Preliminary Results of a Randomized Study on Postmenopausal Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer: Adjuvant Hypofractionated Whole Breast Irradiation Versus Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (HYPAB Trial). Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:231-238. [PMID: 33121891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to report preliminary data of a randomized phase III trial comparing hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HWBI) and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). MATERIAL AND METHODS The HYPAB trial enrolled postmenopausal women with biopsy-proven infiltrating breast cancer, clinically negative axilla, single T1 to T2 tumors, who were treated with breast-conserving surgery. Patients were randomized 1:1 after surgery to HWBI (40.5 Gy whole breast, 48.0 Gy to surgical bed, 15 fractions over 3 weeks) or APBI (30 Gy delivered in 5 fractions of 6 Gy given on alternate days on the surgical bed). Cosmetic outcome was the primary end point of the study. RESULTS A total of 172 patients were enrolled. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 5 local failures and 3 locoregional failures were recorded, with no difference between the 2 treatment arms. Use of HWBI as compared with APBI was significantly correlated with increased incidence of overall (62% vs. 14%; P < .001) and grade 2 (18% vs. 1%; P < .001) acute skin toxicity. APBI was correlated with a lower incidence of overall late toxicity as compared with HWBI (18% vs. 41%; P = .001), but no significant difference was found in term of occurrence of grade 2 events (1% vs. 4%; P = NS). At comparative assessment between baseline and post-radiotherapy evaluation, impairment in cosmetic outcome was reported in 19 (11%) patients. Owing to premature closure of the study, no per-protocol comparison between the treatment arms was performed. CONCLUSION APBI with the VMAT technique is safe and feasible, with lower acute toxicity when compared with HWBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Franceschini
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiola
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Simona Arculeo
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Bethania Fernandes
- Pathology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masci
- Medical Oncology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Torrisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Corrado Tinterri
- Breast Surgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Testori
- Breast Surgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Medical Oncology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
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Gadaleta D, Marzo M, Toropov A, Toropova A, Lavado GJ, Escher SE, Dorne JLCM, Benfenati E. Integrated In Silico Models for the Prediction of No-Observed-(Adverse)-Effect Levels and Lowest-Observed-(Adverse)-Effect Levels in Rats for Sub-chronic Repeated-Dose Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:247-257. [PMID: 32664725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Repeated-dose toxicity (RDT) is a critical endpoint for hazard characterization of chemicals and is assessed to derive safe levels of exposure for human health. Here we present the first attempt to model simultaneously no-observed-(adverse)-effect level (NO(A)EL) and lowest-observed-(adverse)-effect level (LO(A)EL). Classification and regression models were derived based on rat sub-chronic repeated dose toxicity data for 327 compounds from the Fraunhofer RepDose database. Multi-category classification models were built for both NO(A)EL and LO(A)EL though a consensus of statistics- and fragment-based algorithms, while regression models were based on quantitative relationships between the endpoints and SMILES-based attributes. NO(A)EL and LO(A)EL models were integrated, and predictions were compared to exclude inconsistent values. This strategy improved the performance of single models, leading to R2 greater than 0.70, root-mean-square error (RMSE) lower than 0.60 (for regression models), and accuracy of 0.61-0.73 (for classification models) on the validation set, based on the endpoint and the threshold applied for selecting predictions. This study confirms the effectiveness of the modeling strategy presented here for assessing RDT of chemicals using in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrey Toropov
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alla Toropova
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna J Lavado
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean Lou C M Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Toropov AA, Toropova AP, Marzo M, Benfenati E. Use of the index of ideality of correlation to improve aquatic solubility model. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 96:107525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Toropov AA, Toropova AP, Marzo M, Carnesecchi E, Selvestrel G, Benfenati E. Pesticides, cosmetics, drugs: identical and opposite influences of various molecular features as measures of endpoints similarity and dissimilarity. Mol Divers 2020; 25:1137-1144. [PMID: 32323128 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The similarity is an important category in natural sciences. A measure of similarity for a group of various biochemical endpoints is suggested. The list of examined endpoints contains (1) toxicity of pesticides towards rainbow trout; (2) human skin sensitization; (3) mutagenicity; (4) toxicity of psychotropic drugs; and (5) anti HIV activity. Further applying and evolution of the suggested approach is discussed. In particular, the conception of the similarity (dissimilarity) of endpoints can play the role of a "useful bridge" between quantitative structure property/activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs) and read-across technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Toropov
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Alla P Toropova
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Carnesecchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Selvestrel
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
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Marzo M, Lavado GJ, Como F, Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Baderna D, Cappelli C, Lombardo A, Toma C, Blázquez M, Benfenati E. QSAR models for biocides: The example of the prediction of Daphnia magna acute toxicity. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:227-243. [PMID: 31941347 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1709221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are multi-component products used to control undesired and harmful organisms able to affect human or animal health or to damage natural and manufactured products. Because of their widespread use, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems could be contaminated by biocides. The environmental impact of biocides is evaluated through eco-toxicological studies with model organisms of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We focused on the development of in silico models for the evaluation of the acute toxicity (EC50) of a set of biocides collected from different sources on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, one of the most widely used model organisms in aquatic toxicology. Toxicological data specific for biocides are limited, so we developed three models for daphnid toxicity using different strategies (linear regression, random forest, Monte Carlo (CORAL)) to overcome this limitation. All models gave satisfactory results in our datasets: the random forest model showed the best results with a determination coefficient r2 = 0.97 and 0.89, respectively, for the training (TS) and the validation sets (VS) while linear regression model and the CORAL model had similar but lower performance (r2 = 0.83 and 0.75, respectively, for TS and VS in the linear regression model and r2 = 0.74 and 0.75 for the CORAL model).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - G J Lavado
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - F Como
- REACHUP srl, Milano, Italy
| | - A P Toropova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - A A Toropov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - D Baderna
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - C Cappelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - A Lombardo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - C Toma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - M Blázquez
- Inkoa Sistemas S.L., Bilbao, Spain
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology; Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
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Khan K, Khan PM, Lavado G, Valsecchi C, Pasqualini J, Baderna D, Marzo M, Lombardo A, Roy K, Benfenati E. Corrigendum to "QSAR modeling of Daphnia magna and fish toxicities of biocides using 2D descriptors" [Chemosphere 229 (2019) 8-17]. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124397. [PMID: 31337507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kabiruddin Khan
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Pathan Mohsin Khan
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Manikata Main Road, 700054, Kolkata, India
| | - Giovanna Lavado
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecile Valsecchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Julia Pasqualini
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Lombardo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy. http://sites.google.com/site/kunalroyindia/
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
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Khan K, Khan PM, Lavado G, Valsecchi C, Pasqualini J, Baderna D, Marzo M, Lombardo A, Roy K, Benfenati E. QSAR modeling of Daphnia magna and fish toxicities of biocides using 2D descriptors. Chemosphere 2019; 229:8-17. [PMID: 31063877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, ecotoxicological hazard potential of biocidal products has been receiving increasing attention in the industries and regulatory agencies. Biocides/pesticides are currently one of the most studied groups of compounds, and their registration cannot be done without the empirical toxicity information. In view of limited experimental data available for these compounds, we have developed Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for the toxicity of biocides to fish and Daphnia magna following principles of QSAR modeling recommended by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). The models were developed using simple and interpretable 2D descriptors and validated using stringent tests. Both models showed encouraging statistical quality in terms of determination coefficient R2 (0.800 and 0.648), cross-validated leave-one-out Q2 (0.760 and 0.602) and predictive R2pred or Q2ext (0.875 and 0.817) for fish (nTraining = 66, nTest = 22) and Daphnia magna (nTraining = 100, nTest = 33) toxicity datasets, respectively. These models should be applicable for data gap filling in case of new or untested biocidal compounds falling within the applicability domain of the models. In general, the models indicate that the toxicity increases with lipophilicity and decreases with polarity, branching and unsaturation. We have also developed interspecies toxicity models for biocides using the daphnia and fish toxicity data and used the models for data gap filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabiruddin Khan
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Pathan Mohsin Khan
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Manikata Main Road, 700054, Kolkata, India
| | - Giovanna Lavado
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecile Valsecchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Julia Pasqualini
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Lombardo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
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Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Marzo M, Escher SE, Dorne JL, Georgiadis N, Benfenati E. Corrigendum to "The application of new HARD-descriptor available from the CORAL software to building up NOAEL models" [Food Chem. Toxicol. 112 (2018) 544-550]. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:146. [PMID: 30970293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla P Toropova
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrey A Toropov
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean Lou Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Georgiadis
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
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Toma C, Gadaleta D, Roncaglioni A, Toropov A, Toropova A, Marzo M, Benfenati E. QSAR Development for Plasma Protein Binding: Influence of the Ionization State. Pharm Res 2018; 36:28. [PMID: 30591975 PMCID: PMC6308215 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study explored several strategies to improve the performance of literature QSAR models for plasma protein binding (PPB), such as a suitable endpoint transformation, a correct representation of chemicals, more consistency in the dataset, and a reliable definition of the applicability domain. Methods We retrieved human fraction unbound (Fu) data for 670 compounds from the literature and carefully checked them for consistency. Descriptors were calculated taking account of the ionization state of molecules at physiological pH (7.4), in order to better estimate the affinity of molecules to blood proteins. We used different algorithms and chemical descriptors to explore the most suitable strategy for modeling the endpoint. SMILES (simplified molecular input line entry system)-based string descriptors were also tested with the CORAL software (CORelation And Logic). We did an outlier analysis to establish the models to use (or not to use) in case of well recognized families. Results Internal validation of the selected models returned Q2 values close to 0.60. External validation also gave r2 values always greater than 0.60. The CORAL descriptor based model for √fu was the best, with r2 0.74 in external validation. Conclusions Performance in prediction confirmed the robustness of all the derived models and their suitability for real-life purposes, i.e. screening chemicals for their ADMET profiling. Optimization of descriptors can be useful in order to obtain the correct results with a ionized molecule. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-018-2561-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Toma
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrey Toropov
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Alla Toropova
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
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Marzo M, Leone C, Toma C, Roncaglioni A, Gianazzi S, Knauf R, Benfenati E. Impact of REACH legislation on the production and importation of CMR (carcinogen, mutagen and reproductive) and explosive chemicals in Italy from 2011 to 2015. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 101:166-171. [PMID: 30502361 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
On 1 June 2007, the European Commission issued the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) to protect both the environment and human health. We analyzed the impact of REACH in the Italian market considering the presence of chemicals, their diversity, importation and production during the period 2011-2015, with particular attention to products with toxic or explosive properties. There was a reduction of the chemicals on the market, in terms of tons but also the absolute numbers of types of compounds. The production reduction was particularly noticeable for explosive chemicals: -14.7%. CMR products did not show any statistically significant reduction in term of tons: -2.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Caterina Leone
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo Toma
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
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Raitano G, Goi D, Pieri V, Passoni A, Mattiussi M, Lutman A, Romeo I, Manganaro A, Marzo M, Porta N, Baderna D, Colombo A, Aneggi E, Natolino F, Lodi M, Bagnati R, Benfenati E. (Eco)toxicological maps: A new risk assessment method integrating traditional and in silico tools and its application in the Ledra River (Italy). Environ Int 2018; 119:275-286. [PMID: 29982131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants giving rise to emerging concern like pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in wastewaters, as reported in the literature, but little is known about their (eco)toxicological effects and consequent human health impact. The present study aimed at overcoming this lack of information through the use of in silico methods integrated with traditional toxicological risk analysis. This is part of a pilot project involving the management of wastewater treatment plants in the Ledra River basin (Italy). We obtained data to work up a global risk assessment method combining the evaluations of health risks to humans and ecological receptors from chemical contaminants found in this specific area. The (eco)toxicological risk is expressed by a single numerical value, permitting the comparison of different sampling sites and the evaluation of future environmental and technical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Raitano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy.
| | - Daniele Goi
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Pieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabella Romeo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Alberto Manganaro
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Nicola Porta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Natolino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Marco Lodi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy
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De Felice F, D'Ambrosio G, Musio D, Iafrate F, Benevento I, Marzo M, Mancini M, Urbano F, Iannitti M, Marampon F, Bulzonetti N, Cortesi E, Tombolini V. Induction chemotherapy followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer: preliminary results of a phase II study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33702-33709. [PMID: 30263096 PMCID: PMC6154748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose To report preliminary results of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. Materials and methods This is the preliminary evaluation of a phase II study. Patients with histologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma, stage II-III disease, who met the inclusion criteria, received induction FOLFOXIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) regimen in combination with targeted agents followed by CRT and surgery. Analysis of the first 8 patients was required to confirm the treatment feasibility before the accrual of 20 additional patients. Results The first 8 patients were evaluated. The median follow-up time was 23 months. There were no treatment-related deaths. Trimodality strategy was well tolerated with high compliance and a good level of toxicity. There were no evidence of febrile neutropenia and any grade 4 adverse events were recorded. Three patients had pathologic complete response (pCR) and 1 patient had a nearly pCR (ypT1 ypN0). Conclusion Preliminary results are encouraging. FOLFOXIRI regimen plus targeted agents followed by CRT and surgery seems a safe approach. Longer follow-up and higher number of patients are mandatory to confirm such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Felice
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo D'Ambrosio
- Department of General Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Musio
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Iafrate
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Benevento
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Mancini
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Urbano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Iannitti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Bulzonetti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cortesi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Using data from the Leadscope database and Procter and Gamble researchers (1172 compounds after data curation) a new classification model to predict reproductive toxicity was developed. The model is based on Naïve Bayesian methods that use the fingerprint "extended connectivity fingerprint 2". Bits generated by the fingerprint are used from the models as descriptors to discriminate between the two classes. This technique permits the creation of a model without the use of descriptors. After a study on the probability scores, the Naïve Bayesian Fingerprint model shows a good performance on reproductive toxicity. The Matthews Correlation Coefficient value was ≥0.4 in validation. The development of new models to predict complex endpoints such as reproductive toxicity is increasingly requested, with reference also to the REACH legislation in Europe or TSCA in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marzo
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - E Benfenati
- a IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
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Toropov AA, Toropova AP, Marzo M, Dorne JL, Georgiadis N, Benfenati E. QSAR models for predicting acute toxicity of pesticides in rainbow trout using the CORAL software and EFSA's OpenFoodTox database. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 53:158-163. [PMID: 28599185 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimal (flexible) descriptors were used to establish quantitative structure - activity relationships (QSAR) for toxicity of pesticides (n=116) towards rainbow trout. A heterogeneous set of hundreds of pesticides has been used, taken from the EFSA's chemical Hazards Database: OpenFoodTox. Optimal descriptors are preparing from simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES). So-called, correlation weights of different fragments of SMILES are calculating by the Monte Carlo optimization procedure where correlation coefficient between endpoint and optimal descriptor plays role of the target function. Having maximum of the correlation coefficient for the training set, one can suggest that the optimal descriptor calculated with these correlation weights can correlate with endpoint for external validation set. This approach was checked up with three different distributions into the training (≈85%) set and external validation (≈15%) set. The statistical characteristics of these models are (i) for training set correlation coefficient (r2) ranges 0.72-0.81, and root mean squared error (RMSE) ranges 0.54-1.25; (ii) for external (validation) set r2 ranges 0.74-0.84; and RMSE ranges 0.64-0.75. Computational experiments have shown that presence of chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, and aromatic fragments is promoter of increase for the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Toropov
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Alla P Toropova
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jean Lou Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Georgiadis
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
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Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Marzo M, Escher SE, Dorne JL, Georgiadis N, Benfenati E. The application of new HARD-descriptor available from the CORAL software to building up NOAEL models. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:544-550. [PMID: 28366846 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Continuous QSAR models have been developed and validated for the prediction of no-observed-adverse-effect (NOAEL) in rats, using training and test sets from the Fraunhofer RepDose® database and EFSA's Chemical Hazards Database: OpenFoodTox. This paper demonstrates that the HARD index, as an integrated attribute of SMILES, improves the prediction power of NOAEL values using the continuous QSAR models and Monte Carlo simulations. The HARD-index is a line of eleven symbols, which represents the presence, or absence of eight chemical elements (nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) and different kinds of chemical bonds (double bond, triple bond, and stereo chemical bond). Optimal molecular descriptors calculated with the Monte Carlo technique (maximization of correlation coefficient between the descriptor and endpoint) give satisfactory predictive models for NOAEL. Optimal molecular descriptors calculated in this way with the Monte Carlo technique (maximization of correlation coefficient between the descriptor and endpoint) give amongst the best results available in the literature. The models are built up in accordance with OECD principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla P Toropova
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrey A Toropov
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean Lou Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Georgiadis
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
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Vera R, Ferrández A, Ferrer CJ, Flores C, Joaquín C, López S, Martín T, Martín E, Marzo M, Sarrión A, Vaquero E, Zapatero A, Aparicio J. Procedures and recommended times in the care process of the patient with pancreatic cancer: PAN-TIME consensus between scientific societies. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:834-843. [PMID: 28105537 PMCID: PMC5486521 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a disease with bad prognosis. It is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and its treatment is complex. The aim of this consensus document was to provide recommendations by experts that would ameliorate PC diagnosis, reduce the time to treatment, and optimize PC management by interdisciplinary teams. METHODS As a consensus method, we followed the modified Delphi methodology. A scientific committee of experts provided 40 statements that were submitted in two rounds to a panel of 87 specialists of 12 scientific societies. RESULTS Agreement was reached for 39 of the 40 proposed statements (97.5%). CONCLUSIONS Although a screening of the asymptomatic population is not a feasible option, special attention to potential symptoms during primary care could ameliorate early diagnostic. It is especially important to decrease the period until diagnostic tests are performed. This consensus could improve survival in PC patients by decreasing the time to diagnose and time to treatment and by the implementation of multidisciplinary teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vera
- Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Ferrández
- Spanish Society of Pathological Anatomy, Madrid, Spain
| | - C J Ferrer
- Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Flores
- Spanish Society of General and Family Physicians, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Joaquín
- Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - S López
- Spanish Society of Surgical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martín
- Spanish Society of Medical Radiology/Spanish Society of Abdominal Radiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Martín
- Spanish Association of Surgeons, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marzo
- Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sarrión
- Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vaquero
- Spanish Association of Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Zapatero
- Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Aparicio
- Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
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Marzo M, Bonaldo S, Brugger M, Danzeca S, Alia RG, Infantino A, Thornton A. RadFET dose response in the CHARM mixed-field: FLUKA MC simulations. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715301006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Porta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via La Masa 19, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Aless ra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via La Masa 19, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via La Masa 19, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via La Masa 19, 20159 Milan, Italy
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Marzo M, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Marzo A. Synergic development of pharmacokinetics and bioanalytical methods as support of pharmaceutical research. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:168-79. [PMID: 26684641 PMCID: PMC5806721 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015589531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pharmacokinetics led this science to achieve a relevant role in the investigation of new chemical entities for therapeutic application, and has allowed a series of new useful realizations of out of patent drugs like prolonged release and delayed release formulations, therapeutic delivery system (TDS) for drugs to be active in systemic circulation avoiding the first pass effect, orodispersible and effervescent formulations, intramuscular and subcutaneous depot formulations acting over a long period, oral inhalatory systems, and drug association at fixed dose. The above applications had pharmacokinetics as protagonist and have required the support from bioanalytical methods to assay drug concentrations, even in pg·mL(-1) of plasma, that really have paralleled the synergic development of pharmacokinetics.The complexity of the above realizations required specific guidelines from the regulatory authorities, mainly the US FDA and EU EMA, which have normalized and, in most cases, simplified the above applications admitting some waivers of in vivo bioequivalence.However, this review highlights some critical points, not yet focused on by operating guidelines, which need to be clarified by regulatory authorities. One of the most relevant issues is about the planning and conducting bioavailability and bioequivalence trials with endogenous substances, that possess own homeostatic equilibria with fluctuations, in some cases with specific rhythms, like melatonin and female sex hormones. The baseline subtraction required by guidelines to define the net contribute to the exogenous absorbed drug in most cases is a non-solvable problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marzo
- Department of Medical, Oral e Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral e Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral e Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral e Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral e Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Marzo
- Department of Medical, Oral e Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
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Marzo M, Roncaglioni A, Kulkarni S, Barton-Maclaren TS, Benfenati E. In Silico Model for Developmental Toxicity: How to Use QSAR Models and Interpret Their Results. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1425:139-61. [PMID: 27311466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3609-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Modeling developmental toxicity has been a challenge for (Q)SAR model developers due to the complexity of the endpoint. Recently, some new in silico methods have been developed introducing the possibility to evaluate the integration of existing methods by taking advantage of various modeling perspectives. It is important that the model user is aware of the underlying basis of the different models in general, as well as the considerations and assumptions relative to the specific predictions that are obtained from these different models for the same chemical. The evaluation on the predictions needs to be done on a case-by-case basis, checking the analogs (possibly using structural, physicochemical, and toxicological information); for this purpose, the assessment of the applicability domain of the models provides further confidence in the model prediction. In this chapter, we present some examples illustrating an approach to combine human-based rules and statistical methods to support the prediction of developmental toxicity; we also discuss assumptions and uncertainties of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marzo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Sunil Kulkarni
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Pugliese D, Guidi L, Ferraro PM, Marzo M, Felice C, Celleno L, Landi R, Andrisani G, Pizzolante F, De Vitis I, Papa A, Rapaccini GL, Armuzzi A. Paradoxical psoriasis in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving treatment with anti-TNF alpha: 5-year follow-up study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:880-8. [PMID: 26235565 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an emerging paradoxical side effect in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when treated with anti-TNF alpha. Patients with severe skin lesions unresponsive to topical therapy need to withdraw from treatment. AIM To estimate the incidence of paradoxical psoriasis in a large cohort of IBD patients treated with anti-TNF alpha and to analyse its clinical correlates. METHODS A retrospective cohort study on all IBD patients who started anti-TNF alpha at our IBD Centre from January 2008 to December 2013 was performed. Proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between each predictor and time to the development of psoriasis. Time-dependent predictors were updated at each available time point. RESULTS Four hundred and two patients were included. Participants contributed a total of 839 person-years of follow-up, during which 42 incident cases of psoriasis were recorded, with an incidence rate of five per 100 person-years. Cox-regression survival analysis revealed smoking as independent predictor of psoriasis (HR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.36-4.48; P = 0.008). Conversely, concomitant immunosuppressive therapy was inversely related to psoriasis (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.92; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Paradoxical psoriasis is a relevant side effect of anti-TNF alpha therapy, with an incidence rate of five per 100 person-years. Smoking is confirmed as the main risk factor for developing lesions. The combination therapy with anti-TNF alpha plus immunosuppressants is associated with a reduced risk of paradoxical psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pugliese
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - P M Ferraro
- Nephrology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Marzo
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Felice
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - L Celleno
- Dermatology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Landi
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Andrisani
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pizzolante
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - I De Vitis
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Papa
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G L Rapaccini
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Andrisani G, Marzo M, Celleno L, Guidi L, Papa A, Gasbarrini A, Armuzzi A. Development of psoriasis scalp with alopecia during treatment of Crohn's disease with infliximab and rapid response to both diseases to ustekinumab. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:2831-2836. [PMID: 24174369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti tumor necrosis factor antibodies are used to treat both psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Several paradoxical cases of psoriatic skin lesions induced by tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy have been described in IBD patients in the recent years. Ustekinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-12/-23 monoclonal antibody, is the first drug of a new class of biologic therapy approved for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Data on the efficacy of ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, especially in patients previously treated with infliximab, have been recently published. We report about the effectiveness of ustekinumab in the treatment of both severe scalp psoriasis lesions with alopecia and active Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andrisani
- IBD Unit, Complesso Integrato Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Andrisani G, Gremese E, Guidi L, Papa A, Marzo M, Felice C, Pugliese D, Armuzzi A. Achievement of sustained deep remission with adalimumab in a patient with both refractory ulcerative colitis and seronegative erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo 2013; 65:75-8. [DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2013.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kourieh R, Bennici S, Marzo M, Gervasini A, Auroux A. Investigation of the WO3/ZrO2 surface acidic properties for the aqueous hydrolysis of cellobiose. CATAL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Guidi L, Marzo M, Felice C, Mocci G, Sparano L, Pugliese D, De Vitis I, Papa A, Armuzzi A. New biological agents for the treatment of the "high risk" IBD patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2010; 14:342-346. [PMID: 20496545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several new biological drugs have been introduced in the last decade or are under investigation for the treatment of IBD. They include anti TNFalpha agents, anti adhesion molecules, anti IL-12/23, anti IL-6R and others. Their role in IBD therapy will be discussed in regard of the association of chronic inflammation and cancer in the gut. The risk of colorectal cancer is increased in ulcerative colitis (UC) and, to some extent, in Crohn's disease (CD). This association is well known from many years. However, the mechanisms linking chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis are beginning to be elucidated only recently. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Experimental data indicate that several cytokines could play a role in promoting tumour development. In this perspective, the anti cytokine agents could be not only powerful tools in treating inflammation but also efficacious in preventing the onset of inflammation associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guidi
- U.O.C. Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
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Guidi L, Ratto C, Semeraro S, Roberto I, De Vitis I, Papa A, Marzo M, Parello A, Foglietto G, Doglietto GB, Gasbarrini GB, Fedeli G. Combined therapy with infliximab and seton drainage for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease with anal endosonographic monitoring: a single-centre experience. Tech Coloproctol 2008; 12:111-7. [PMID: 18545878 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-008-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During infliximab treatment of perianal Crohn's disease (CD), the healing of the skin opening precedes fistula tract healing and this contributes to abscess formation and fistula recurrence. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment with infliximab and setons for complex perianal fistulas in CD and to define the optimal time for seton removal by anal endosonography (AE). Nine consecutive patients with CD were studied. Perianal sepsis was eradicated when necessary and setons were placed before infliximab therapy. Setons were removed after AE evidence of fistulous tracts healing. Patients received a mean of 10+/-2.3 infliximab infusions. At week 6 all patients showed a reduction in mean CD activity index (p<0.005) and perianal disease activity index (p<0.0001). Complete fistula response was achieved in eight of nine patients. In six patients after a mean of 9.2 infusions, infliximab treatment was discontinued. Clinical and AE response persisted at 19.4+/-8.8 months (range 3-28 months) in five of these patients. One patient had fistula recurrence 20 weeks after infliximab discontinuation and responded rapidly to retreatment. At the time of this report, two patients were still on infliximab and in remission after a mean follow-up of 25+/-5 months. Combined therapy with infliximab and setons with AE monitoring of the response showed high efficacy in the management of patients with CD with complex perianal fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guidi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna Scienze Specialistiche e Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Ortiz H, Marzo M, de Miguel M, Ciga MA, Oteiza F, Armendariz P. Length of follow-up after fistulotomy and fistulectomy associated with endorectal advancement flap repair for fistula in ano. Br J Surg 2008; 95:484-7. [PMID: 18161890 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The length of follow-up required after surgical repair of cryptoglandular fistula in ano has not been established. This prospective study determined the follow-up time needed to establish that an anal fistula has been cured after elective fistulotomy or fistulectomy associated with endorectal advancement flap (ERAF) repair. METHODS Between January 2001 and June 2004, consecutive patients with anal fistula of cryptoglandular aetiology were included provided that they lived within the catchment area of the hospital and agreed to participate in a follow-up programme, which comprised scheduled visits every month until complete wound healing and annually thereafter. RESULTS Some 206 of 219 eligible patients were evaluable; fistulotomy was performed in 115 and ERAF repair in 91. Median follow-up was 42 (range 24-65) months. Eighteen patients had recurrence of the fistula during follow-up, with a median time to relapse of 5.0 (range 1.0-11.7) months. There were no recurrences after 1 year. CONCLUSION Recurrence of fistula in ano of cryptoglandular origin treated by means of fistulotomy or ERAF repair occurs within the first year of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ortiz
- Unit of Coloproctology, Department of Surgery, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Marzo M, Bonfill X, Alonso P, Balmaña J, Alonso C, Calaf J. Hormonal agents for the primary prevention of breast cancer. Hippokratia 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003371.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is commonly thought that combining chemotherapy agents for treating women with metastatic breast cancer will result in regimens that are more active, offer superior tumour response rates with more time before progression and improve overall survival. However, it is not known whether giving patients more intensive chemotherapy regimens (judged according to some measure eg dose, dose intensity, response rate, or toxicity) results in better health outcomes. One way to investigate the effect of more versus less-intensive chemotherapy is to compare regimens containing a single drug (and hence possibly less active treatment) with regimens containing a greater number of drugs (and hence possibly more active but more toxic), even when adjustments are made to dosages or schedules to account for toxicity. OBJECTIVES To compare use of single chemotherapy agents with regimens containing a combination of agents for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. SEARCH STRATEGY The Specialised Register maintained by the Editorial Base of the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group was searched on 2nd May 2003 using the codes for "advanced breast cancer", "chemotherapy". Details of the search strategy applied by the group to create the register, and the procedure used to code references, are described in the group's module on The Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing single agent chemotherapy with combination therapy in women with metastatic breast cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected from published trials. Studies were assessed for eligibility and quality, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Hazard ratios were derived for time-to-event outcomes where possible, and a fixed effect model was used for meta-analysis. Response rates were analysed as dichotomous variables. Toxicity and quality of life data were extracted where present. MAIN RESULTS Thirty seven eligible trials were identified of which 28 had published time-to-event data. The quality of randomisation was generally not described. Data, based on an estimated 4220 deaths in 5707 women, show a modest advantage for combination chemotherapy regimens compared with single agents with a hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival of 0.88 (95% CI=0.83-0.94, P<0.0001) and no evident heterogeneity. Results are similar if the analysis is limited to trials in women receiving first-line chemotherapy. Combination regimens are favourably associated with time to progression (overall HR of 0.78 (95% CI=0.73-0.83, P<0.00001) and tumour response rates (OR 1.28, CI=1.15-1.42, P<0.00001) although significant heterogeneity was observed (P=0.002 and P<0.00001 respectively). This probably reflects the varying efficacy of the comparator regimens used in the trials. Women receiving combination regimens experienced a higher toxicity level for leukopenia, hair loss and nausea and vomiting compared with those receiving a single agent, which was statistically significant. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Compared with single-chemotherapy agents, combination regimens show a statistically significant advantage for tumor response and time to progression in women with metastatic breast cancer, a modest improvement in overall survival and significantly worse toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carrick
- Cochrane Breast Cancer Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Level 5, Building F, 88 Mallett Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2045.
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Castells A, Marzo M, Bellas B, Amador FJ, Lanas A, Mascort JJ, Ferrándiz J, Alonso P, Piñol V, Fernández M, Bonfill X, Piqué JM. [Clinical guidelines for the prevention of colorectal cancer]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 27:573-634. [PMID: 15574281 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(03)70535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Castells A, Marzo M, Bellas B, Amador FJ, Lanas Á, Mascort JJ, Ferrándiz J, Alonso P, Piñol V, Fernández M, Bonfill X, Piqué JM. Guía clínica de prevención del cáncer colorrectal. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004. [DOI: 10.1157/13069131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mascort JJ, Marzo M, Alonso-Coello P, Barenys M, Valdeperez J, Puigdengoles X, Carballo F, Fernández M, Ferrándiz J, Bonfill X, Piqué JM. Guía de práctica clínica sobre el manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2003; 26:571-613. [PMID: 14642245 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(03)70414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Mascort
- Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria
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Alonso P, Marzo M, Mascort JJ, Hervás A, Viñas L, Ferrús J, Ferrándiz J, López-Rivas L, Bonfill X, Piqué JM. [Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with rectal bleeding]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 25:605-32. [PMID: 12459124 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(02)70325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Alonso
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, España
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Marzo M, Alonso P, Bonfill X, Fernández M, Ferrandiz J, Martínez G, Mearín F, Mascort JJ, Piqué JM, Ponce J, Sáez M. [Clinical practice guideline on the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 25:85-110. [PMID: 11841764 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(02)70245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Marzo
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Casa de la Convalecencia, Sant Antoni, Barcelona Spain
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Marzo M, Bonfill X, Alonso P, Balmaña J, Alonso C, Calaf J. Hormonal agents for the primary prevention of breast cancer. Hippokratia 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies for reducing breast cancer mortality in western countries have focused on screening, at least for women aged 50 to 69 years. One of the requirements of any community screening program is to achieve a high participation rate, which is related to methods of invitation. Therefore, it was decided to systematically review the scientific evidence on the different strategies aimed at improving women's participation in breast cancer screening programs and activities. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of different strategies for increasing the participation rate of women invited to community (population-based) breast cancer screening activities or mammography programs. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE (1966-2000), CENTRAL (2000), and EMBASE (1998-1999) searches for 1966 to 1999 were supplemented by reports and letters to the European Screening Breast Cancer Programs (Euref Network). SELECTION CRITERIA Both published and unpublished trials were eligible for inclusion, provided the women had been invited to a community breast screening activity or program and had been randomised to an intervention group or a control group with no active intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We identified 151 articles, which were reviewed independently by two people. The discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer in order to reach consensus. Thirty-four studies were excluded because they lacked a control group; 58 of the other 117 articles were considered as opportunistic and not community-based; 59 articles, which reported 70 community-based randomised controlled trials or clinical controlled trials, were accepted. In 24 of these, the control group had not been exposed to any active intervention, but 8 of the 24 had to be excluded because the denominator for estimating attendance was unknown. At the end, 16 studies constituted the material for this review, although two studies were further excluded because their groups were not comparable at baseline. Data from all but one study were based on or converted to an intention-to-treat analysis. Attendance in response to the mammogram invitation was the main outcome measure. MAIN RESULTS The evidence favoured five active strategies for inviting women into community breast cancer screening services: letter of invitation (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.92), mailed educational material (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.02), letter of invitation plus phone call (OR 2.53, 95% CI 2.02 to 3.18), phone call (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.23), and training activities plus direct reminders for the women (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.50). Home visits did not prove to be effective (OR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.80 to 1.40) and letters of invitation to multiple examinations plus educational material favoured the control group (OR 0.62, 95 % CI 0.32 to 1.20). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Most active recruitment strategies for breast cancer screening programs examined in this review were more effective than no intervention. Combinations of effective interventions can have an important effect. Some costly strategies, as a home visit and a letter of invitation to multiple screening examinations plus educational material, were not effective. Further reviews comparing the effective interventions and studies that include cost-effectiveness, women's satisfaction and equity issues are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bonfill
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano., Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Casa de Convalescència, Sant Antoni M. Claret 171, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 08041.
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Vergés J, Marzo M, Santaeulària T, Serra-Kiel J, Burbank DW, Muñoz JA, Giménez-Montsant J. Quantified vertical motions and tectonic evolution of the SE Pyrenean foreland basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.134.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Contreras A, Marzo M, Orts M, Mallea I, Morant A, Martińez E, Marco J. [Adenocarcinoma of the ceruminous glands: report of three cases]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 1994; 45:49-51. [PMID: 8204295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report three cases of ceruminoma seen in our department over a 1-year period and review the neoplasms of the ceruminous glands. According to the Welti classification, our three cases were ceruminous adenocarcinomas. Based on existing literature, ceruminous adenocarcinoma is the least frequent neoplasm of the ceruminous glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Contreras
- Servicio de ORL, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia
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de la Puente ML, Corio R, Alvarez J, Planas C, Isalt R, Marzo M. [An epidemic outbreak of measles in a rural area]. Aten Primaria 1993; 12:205-6, 208-10. [PMID: 8374019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analysis of an outbreak of measles among a partially vaccinated school population: the epidemiology, the effectiveness of the control measures and the efficacy of the vaccine (EV). DESIGN A descriptive study and cohorts study. SETTING Primary Care in the borough of Sant Andreu de la Barca. PATIENTS AND OTHERS PARTICIPANTS The school population of Sant Andreu de la Barca. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The outbreak lasted three months and twenty days, with 95 cases overall. The most affected age group was form 4 to 10. 8.4% presented complications. Children were infected at school in 87% of the cases. The overall infection rate of the population between 0 and 15 was 2.4%. 36% of the cases had been correctly immunized and 43% were preventable cases. Vaccine coverage contacts was 67%. 84% of the susceptible contacts were vaccinated. Immunization status and immunization age of 323 out of 500 pupils was studied for the EX analysis. Global EV was 66% (42-80), 58% (13-80) for those immunized, between 12-14 month of age and 71% (43-85) for those immunized after the 15 month of age. CONCLUSIONS In order to eradicate the autoctonous measles an increase in immunization coverage, an improvement in the epidemiologic surveillance, and in the outbreak control measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L de la Puente
- Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social, Generalitat de Catalunya
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Porta Serra M, Fernández Muñoz E, Guillamón M, MacFarlane DJ, Marzo M, Gelabert A, Porter CQ. [The optimization of the data base of a voluntary health care cooperative for the study of postoperative morbidity in benign prostatic hypertrophy]. Med Clin (Barc) 1993; 100:606-10. [PMID: 7684477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigation in health care services by data bases (DB) is undergoing an important increase in numerous countries. Several of the most relevant epidemiologic studies on the postsurgical morbidity and mortality of benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP) have used DB. The aim of this study was to prepare and optimize the DB of a health cooperative (Asistencia Sanitaria Colegial). METHODS Since 1981 the DB contains sociodemographic variables, data concerning visits to general practitioners and specialists, complementary examinations and hospitalizations. The coding system was specifically developed by the cooperative. The study base was made up of all the policies of the members between January 1981 and December 1988 (101,400 males). To identify the policies 14 codes potentially related with BHP were initially chosen and all the policies containing any of these codes were selected, with the manual analysis of 204 policies being thereby performed. RESULTS The total number of policies initially selected for the study was 3,157. Manual revision discarded the use of 9 of the 14 codes used in the first selection. In agreement with the 5 codes able to define diseases of prostatic gland and to the file in which they appeared the policies were classified as probable diseases of prostatic gland (n = 1,007, 31.9%), possible (n = 805, 25.5%) and improbable (n = 1,345, 42.5%). Likewise, the strategy to follow for the selection of a cohort of BHP cases was defined. CONCLUSIONS The manual analysis of policies evidenced a remarkable coherence and exhaustiveness of the information registered. The principal difficulties found with the data base used were the lack of a sole diagnosis and the coding system used in addition to the impossibility of automatically controlling the assistance received by the patients outside the cooperative system. The availability of a data base such as that herein described with a well defined large population and with accessible sociodemographic and health care information justifies collaborative efforts among health care administrators, clinicians, computer scientists and epidemiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porta Serra
- Departamento de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
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Bonfill X, Marzo M, Medina C, Roura P. [Early diagnosis of breast cancer]. Med Clin (Barc) 1992; 99:797-8. [PMID: 1460960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lorusso M, Gatti D, Marzo M, Boffoli D, Cocco T, Papa S. Chemical modification studies of beef-heart mitochondrial b-c1 complex. Effect of modification by ethoxyformic anhydride. Eur J Biochem 1987; 162:231-8. [PMID: 3028788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the histidine-modifier ethoxyformic anhydride (EFA) on the enzymatic properties of the mitochondrial b-c1 complex (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase) has been investigated. Chemical modification by EFA inhibited to the same extent the reductase and the proton translocating activity of the complex. In particular EFA modification of the complex resulted in: strong inhibition of the antimycin-insensitive reduction of b cytochromes; inhibition of the antimycin-promoted oxidant-induced reduction of b cytochromes and inhibition of oxidation of pre-reduced b cytochromes. Analysis of the absorbance at 238 nm, indicative of N-(ethoxyformyl)histidine derivative, of the various polypeptide subunits separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure, showed that EFA modified residues in core proteins and in the low-molecular-mass proteins. Both the inhibition of the redox and the protonmotive activity of the complex and the absorbance increase at 238 nm of the core protein fraction were readily reversed by hydroxylamine, indicating that modification of histidine residue(s) in core protein(s) is critical for the activity of the complex. This was supported by the finding that modification of the reductase with EFA prevented binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate to histidine residue(s) in core protein II. EFA modification of the reductase was without effect on the binding of N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide to the various polypeptides of the complex except for the binding to the Fe-S protein which was greatly potentiated. Thus primary chemical modification of histidine residue(s) in core protein (II) appears to cause, in turn, a conformational change in the Rieske Fe-S protein.
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