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López ME, Cádiz MI, Rondeau EB, Koop BF, Yáñez JM. Detection of selection signatures in farmed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using dense genome-wide information. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9685. [PMID: 33958603 PMCID: PMC8102513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal domestication and artificial selection give rise to gradual changes at the genomic level in populations. Subsequent footprints of selection, known as selection signatures or selective sweeps, have been traced in the genomes of many animal livestock species by exploiting variation in linkage disequilibrium patterns and/or reduction of genetic diversity. Domestication of most aquatic species is recent in comparison with land animals, and salmonids are one of the most important fish species in aquaculture. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cultivated primarily in Chile, has been subjected to breeding programs to improve growth, disease resistance traits, and flesh color. This study aimed to identify selection signatures that may be involved in adaptation to culture conditions and traits of productive interest. To do so, individuals of two domestic populations cultured in Chile were genotyped with 200 thousand SNPs, and analyses were conducted using iHS, XP-EHH and CLR. Several signatures of selection on different chromosomal regions were detected across both populations. Some of the identified regions under selection contained genes such anapc2, alad, chp2 and myn, which have been previously associated with body weight in Atlantic salmon, or sec24d and robo1, which have been associated with resistance to Piscirickettsia salmonis in coho salmon. Findings in our study can contribute to an integrated genome-wide map of selection signatures, to help identify the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity in coho salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E López
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - M I Cádiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E B Rondeau
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B F Koop
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J M Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile.
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Pérez B, López ME, Palacios D. Theoretical and experimental study of the LR-115 detector response in a non-commercial radon monitor. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 160:109112. [PMID: 32174469 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B.trαcks, a simulation program for SSNTD's sensitivity, has been developed to study the response of LR-115 (cellulose nitrate) and CR-39 (poly allyl glycol carbonate) nuclear track detectors. Detectors are located inside detector holders and are used for radon measurements. The program incorporates a variety of special features gathered together to achieve good agreement between theoretical approach and experimental results. The input parameters to study the detector response are radon exposure, geometry and dimensions of a detector holder (it can be cylindrical, conical or semi-spherical), entrance type for radon gas, detector type, and V function (four different functions were selected from literature). The output results are detector response and radon progeny distribution onto internal chamber walls. In this article, the response of the LR-115, which is placed inside a non-commercial-conductive radon monitor based on diffusion chambers called G2, was theoretically and experimentally studied. The common Monte Carlo simulation procedure and an alternative approach that replicates how monitors are exposed to different radon exposures were used as theoretical approaches. Experimental methodology was conducted in a radon test chamber from Italy (MI.AM s.r.l.). Comparison results of both theoretical and experimental methodology are presented and discussed. One of the major results, among others, shows that the monitor material (conductive or non-conductive) does not influence the LR-115 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pérez
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru.
| | - M E López
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru
| | - D Palacios
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru
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3
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Yáñez JM, Yoshida GM, Parra Á, Correa K, Barría A, Bassini LN, Christensen KA, López ME, Carvalheiro R, Lhorente JP, Pulgar R. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Three Salmonid Species Identifies Functional Candidate Genes Involved in Resistance to the Intracellular Bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis. Front Genet 2019; 10:665. [PMID: 31428125 PMCID: PMC6690157 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiologic agent of salmon rickettsial syndrome (SRS) and is responsible for considerable economic losses in salmon aquaculture. The bacterium affects coho salmon (CS; Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic salmon (AS; Salmo salar), and rainbow trout (RT; Oncorhynchus mykiss) in several countries, including Norway, Canada, Scotland, Ireland, and Chile. We used Bayesian genome-wide association study analyses to investigate the genetic architecture of resistance to P. salmonis in farmed populations of these species. Resistance to SRS was defined as the number of days to death and as binary survival (BS). A total of 828 CS, 2130 RT, and 2601 AS individuals were phenotyped and then genotyped using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and 57K and 50K Affymetrix® Axiom® single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels, respectively. Both traits of SRS resistance in CS and RT appeared to be under oligogenic control. In AS, there was evidence of polygenic control of SRS resistance. To identify candidate genes associated with resistance, we applied a comparative genomics approach in which we systematically explored the complete set of genes adjacent to SNPs, which explained more than 1% of the genetic variance of resistance in each salmonid species (533 genes in total). Thus, genes were classified based on the following criteria: i) shared function of their protein domains among species, ii) shared orthology among species, iii) proximity to the SNP explaining the highest proportion of the genetic variance, and iv) presence in more than one genomic region explaining more than 1% of the genetic variance within species. Our results allowed us to identify 120 candidate genes belonging to at least one of the four criteria described above. Of these, 21 of them were part of at least two of the criteria defined above and are suggested to be strong functional candidates influencing P. salmonis resistance. These genes are related to diverse biological processes, such as kinase activity, GTP hydrolysis, helicase activity, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal dynamics, inflammation, and innate immune response, which seem essential in the host response against P. salmonis infection. These results provide fundamental knowledge on the potential functional genes underpinning resistance against P. salmonis in three salmonid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
| | - Grazyella M. Yoshida
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Doctorado en Acuicultura. Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Universidad Católica del Norte, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | - Agustín Barría
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Liane N. Bassini
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Maria E. López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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López ME, Benestan L, Moore J, Perrier C, Gilbey J, Di Genova A, Maass A, Diaz D, Lhorente J, Correa K, Neira R, Bernatchez L, Yáñez JM. Comparing genomic signatures of domestication in two Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) populations with different geographical origins. Evol Appl 2019; 12:137-156. [PMID: 30622641 PMCID: PMC6304691 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective breeding and genetic improvement have left detectable signatures on the genomes of domestic species. The elucidation of such signatures is fundamental for detecting genomic regions of biological relevance to domestication and improving management practices. In aquaculture, domestication was carried out independently in different locations worldwide, which provides opportunities to study the parallel effects of domestication on the genome of individuals that have been selected for similar traits. In this study, we aimed to detect potential genomic signatures of domestication in two independent pairs of wild/domesticated Atlantic salmon populations of Canadian and Scottish origins, respectively. Putative genomic regions under divergent selection were investigated using a 200K SNP array by combining three different statistical methods based either on allele frequencies (LFMM, Bayescan) or haplotype differentiation (Rsb). We identified 337 and 270 SNPs potentially under divergent selection in wild and hatchery populations of Canadian and Scottish origins, respectively. We observed little overlap between results obtained from different statistical methods, highlighting the need to test complementary approaches for detecting a broad range of genomic footprints of selection. The vast majority of the outliers detected were population-specific but we found four candidate genes that were shared between the populations. We propose that these candidate genes may play a role in the parallel process of domestication. Overall, our results suggest that genetic drift may have override the effect of artificial selection and/or point toward a different genetic basis underlying the expression of similar traits in different domesticated strains. Finally, it is likely that domestication may predominantly target polygenic traits (e.g., growth) such that its genomic impact might be more difficult to detect with methods assuming selective sweeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y PecuariasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Facultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Laura Benestan
- IBISInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Jean‐Sebastien Moore
- IBISInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Charles Perrier
- Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et ÉvolutiveUnité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 5175MontpellierFrance
| | - John Gilbey
- Marine Scotland ScienceFreshwater Fisheries LaboratoryFaskallyPitlochryUK
| | - Alex Di Genova
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Mathematics of the GenomeCenter for Mathematical Modeling (UMI 2807 CNRS) and Center for Genome Regulation (Fondap 15090007)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Alejandro Maass
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Mathematics of the GenomeCenter for Mathematical Modeling (UMI 2807 CNRS) and Center for Genome Regulation (Fondap 15090007)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Diego Diaz
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Mathematics of the GenomeCenter for Mathematical Modeling (UMI 2807 CNRS) and Center for Genome Regulation (Fondap 15090007)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | | | - Roberto Neira
- Facultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- IBISInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - José M. Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y PecuariasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- AquainnovoPuerto MonttChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
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Barria A, López ME, Yoshida G, Carvalheiro R, Lhorente JP, Yáñez JM. Population Genomic Structure and Genome-Wide Linkage Disequilibrium in Farmed Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) Using Dense SNP Genotypes. Front Genet 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 30619473 PMCID: PMC6302115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilean Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations were established with individuals of both European and North American origins. These populations are expected to be highly genetically differentiated due to evolutionary history and poor gene flow between ancestral populations from different continents. The extent and decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) impacts the implementation of genome-wide association studies and genomic selection and provides relevant information about demographic processes of fish populations. We assessed the population structure and characterized the extent and decay of LD in three Chilean commercial populations of Atlantic salmon with North American (NAM), Scottish (SCO), and Norwegian (NOR) origin. A total of 123 animals were genotyped using a 159 K SNP Axiom® myDesignTM Genotyping Array. A total of 32 K SNP markers, representing the common SNPs along the three populations after quality control were used. The principal component analysis explained 78.9% of the genetic diversity between populations, clearly discriminating between populations of North American and European origin, and also between European populations. NAM had the lowest effective population size, followed by SCO and NOR. Large differences in the LD decay were observed between populations of North American and European origin. An r 2 threshold of 0.2 was estimated for marker pairs separated by 7,800, 64, and 50 kb in the NAM, SCO, and NOR populations, respectively. In this study we show that this SNP panel can be used to detect association between markers and traits of interests and also to capture high-resolution information for genome-enabled predictions. Also, we suggest the feasibility to achieve similar prediction accuracies using a smaller SNP data set for the NAM population, compared with samples with European origin which would need a higher density SNP array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Barria
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Maria E. López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Grazyella Yoshida
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - José M. Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
- Benchmark Genetic S.A., Puerto Montt, Chile
- Nucleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
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6
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López ME, Engels MMA, van Straaten ECW, Bajo R, Delgado ML, Scheltens P, Hillebrand A, Stam CJ, Maestú F. MEG Beamformer-Based Reconstructions of Functional Networks in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:107. [PMID: 28487647 PMCID: PMC5403893 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and their functional brain networks are presumably already altered. To test this hypothesis, we compared magnetoencephalography (MEG) eyes-closed resting-state recordings from 29 MCI subjects and 29 healthy elderly subjects in the present exploratory study. Functional connectivity in different frequency bands was assessed with the phase lag index (PLI) in source space. Normalized weighted clustering coefficient (normalized Cw) and path length (normalized Lw), as well as network measures derived from the minimum spanning tree [MST; i.e., betweenness centrality (BC) and node degree], were calculated. First, we found altered PLI values in the lower and upper alpha bands in MCI patients compared to controls. Thereafter, we explored network differences in these frequency bands. Normalized Cw and Lw did not differ between the groups, whereas BC and node degree of the MST differed, although these differences did not survive correction for multiple testing using the False Discovery Rate (FDR). As an exploratory study, we may conclude that: (1) the increases and decreases observed in PLI values in lower and upper alpha bands in MCI patients may be interpreted as a dual pattern of disconnection and aberrant functioning; (2) network measures are in line with connectivity findings, indicating a lower efficiency of the brain networks in MCI patients; (3) the MST centrality measures are more sensitive to detect subtle differences in the functional brain networks in MCI than traditional graph theoretical metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E López
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de Mallorca, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and NanomedicineMadrid, Spain
| | - Marjolein M A Engels
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth C W van Straaten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands.,Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia ResearchUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Bajo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - María L Delgado
- Seniors Center of the District of ChamartínMadrid, Spain.,Department of Basic Psychology II, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and NanomedicineMadrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain.,Department of Basic Psychology II, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
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Yáñez JM, Naswa S, López ME, Bassini L, Correa K, Gilbey J, Bernatchez L, Norris A, Neira R, Lhorente JP, Schnable PS, Newman S, Mileham A, Deeb N, Di Genova A, Maass A. Genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): validation in wild and farmed American and European populations. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:1002-11. [PMID: 26849107 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are required to elucidate genotype-phenotype associations and determine the molecular basis of important traits. In this work, we carried out de novo SNP discovery accounting for both genome duplication and genetic variation from American and European salmon populations. A total of 9 736 473 nonredundant SNPs were identified across a set of 20 fish by whole-genome sequencing. After applying six bioinformatic filtering steps, 200 K SNPs were selected to develop an Affymetrix Axiom(®) myDesign Custom Array. This array was used to genotype 480 fish representing wild and farmed salmon from Europe, North America and Chile. A total of 159 099 (79.6%) SNPs were validated as high quality based on clustering properties. A total of 151 509 validated SNPs showed a unique position in the genome. When comparing these SNPs against 238 572 markers currently available in two other Atlantic salmon arrays, only 4.6% of the SNP overlapped with the panel developed in this study. This novel high-density SNP panel will be very useful for the dissection of economically and ecologically relevant traits, enhancing breeding programmes through genomic selection as well as supporting genetic studies in both wild and farmed populations of Atlantic salmon using high-resolution genomewide information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yáñez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.,Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - S Naswa
- Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - M E López
- Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bassini
- Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Correa
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.,Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J Gilbey
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, Scotland, UK
| | - L Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Norris
- Marine Harvest, Kindrum, Fanad, C. Donegal, Ireland
| | - R Neira
- Aquainnovo, Talca 60, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - P S Schnable
- Data2Bio LLC, Ames, IA 50011, USA.,Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S Newman
- Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - A Mileham
- Genus plc, 1525 River Road, DeForest, WI 53532, USA
| | - N Deeb
- Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - A Di Genova
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation, Av. Blanco Encalada 2085, 3rd floor, Santiago, Chile.,Mathomics Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Mathematical Modeling and Center for Genome Regulation, University of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, 7th floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Maass
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation, Av. Blanco Encalada 2085, 3rd floor, Santiago, Chile.,Mathomics Bioinformatics Laboratory, Center for Mathematical Modeling and Center for Genome Regulation, University of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, 7th floor, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Mathematical Engineering, University of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, 5th floor, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Maestú F, Peña JM, Garcés P, González S, Bajo R, Bagic A, Cuesta P, Funke M, Mäkelä JP, Menasalvas E, Nakamura A, Parkkonen L, López ME, Del Pozo F, Sudre G, Zamrini E, Pekkonen E, Henson RN, Becker JT. A multicenter study of the early detection of synaptic dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment using Magnetoencephalography-derived functional connectivity. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 9:103-9. [PMID: 26448910 PMCID: PMC4552812 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic disruption is an early pathological sign of the neurodegeneration of Dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). The changes in network synchronization are evident in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) at the group level, but there are very few Magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies regarding discrimination at the individual level. In an international multicenter study, we used MEG and functional connectivity metrics to discriminate MCI from normal aging at the individual person level. A labeled sample of features (links) that distinguished MCI patients from controls in a training dataset was used to classify MCI subjects in two testing datasets from four other MEG centers. We identified a pattern of neuronal hypersynchronization in MCI, in which the features that best discriminated MCI were fronto-parietal and interhemispheric links. The hypersynchronization pattern found in the MCI patients was stable across the five different centers, and may be considered an early sign of synaptic disruption and a possible preclinical biomarker for MCI/DAT. Across centers reliable abnormalities in the neuronal network organization of MCI patients These findings are consistent with the view that AD may, in its earliest stages, represent a disconnection syndrome. A high rate of classification accuracy in a blind study, especially for individuals who were cognitively normal All these suggest that MEG may be a useful marker of preclinical synaptic disruption. The hypersynchronization found in MCI patients may represent a compensatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Maria Peña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcés
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago González
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bajo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anto Bagic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Funke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jyrki P Mäkelä
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hensinki, Finland
| | - Ernestina Menasalvas
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Lauri Parkkonen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Espoo, Finland ; Elekta Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria E López
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Del Pozo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Complutense University of Madrid and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Edward Zamrini
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard N Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Koss MA, Castro CE, Carino S, López ME. Histopathologic and histomorphometric studies and determination of IL-8 in patients with periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:145-9. [PMID: 24872619 PMCID: PMC4033877 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.131307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone resorption. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to make a quantitative evaluation of the gingival tissue components in biopsies from patients with different clinical states of periodontal disease and to determine the relationship between the presence of interleukin-8 and the tissue destruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 33 biopsies from adult subjects. A total of 25 periodontal patients were sub-classified on the basis of the clinical and radiographic criteria in mild, moderate and advanced periodontitis. Gingival samples were obtained from patients in the course of basic periodontal surgeries as a muco-periostic collate. Data were analyzed by the SPSS system. RESULTS Collagen fibres decreased as non-specific chronic states increased. A lymphocyte inflammatory infiltrate changed to a lymphoplasmocytary form. Reactivity to interleukin-8 was detected with the severity of the histopathologic diagnoses; however there was no association with the clinical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Histopathology and histomorphometry of gingival tissue changed with the degree of inflammation. No evidence of interleukin-8 as a biomarker for clinical diagnoses of periodontitis was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam A. Koss
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia E. Castro
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Carino
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Maria E. López
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina
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Coullaut-Valera R, Arbaiza I, Bajo R, Arrúe R, López ME, Coullaut-Valera J, Correas A, López-Sanz D, Maestu F, Papo D. Drug polyconsumption is associated with increased synchronization of brain electrical-activity at rest and in a counting task. Int J Neural Syst 2013; 24:1450005. [PMID: 24344693 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065714500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug abusers typically consume not just one but several types of drugs, starting from alcohol and marijuana consumption, and then dramatically lapsing into addiction to harder drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, or amphetamine. The brain of drug abusers presents various structural and neurophysiological abnormalities, some of which may predate drug consumption onset. However, how these changes translate into modifications in functional brain connectivity is still poorly understood. To characterize functional connectivity patterns, we recorded Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity from 21 detoxified drug abusers and 20 age-matched control subjects performing a simple counting task and at rest activity. To evaluate the cortical brain connectivity network we applied the Synchronization Likelihood algorithm. The results showed that drug abusers had higher synchronization levels at low frequencies, mainly in the θ band (4-8 Hz) between frontal and posterior cortical regions. During the counting task, patients showed increased synchronization in the β (14-35 Hz), and γ (35-45 Hz) frequency bands, in fronto-posterior and interhemispheric temporal regions. Taken together 'slow-down' at rest and task-related 'over-exertion' could indicate that the brain of drug abusers is suffering from a premature form of ageing. Future studies will clarify whether this condition can be reversed following prolonged periods of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coullaut-Valera
- Instituto Rafael Coullaut de Psiquiatría, C/José Abascal 3, 28003 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Biochemical parameters of crevicular fluid could provide evidence of periodontal tissue disease. The aim of this study was to analyze enzymes in crevicular fluid in aggressive localized and generalized periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-four subjects were classified as having localized (n = 36) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 38) and subclassified into moderate and severe groups. Controls were 50 periodontitis-free subjects. Activities of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil elastase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Among the subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis, values of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase increased notably in moderate and severe periodontitis compared with control subjects. Values for aspartate aminotransferase increased with the severity of the disease, and neutrophil elastase was increased in the moderate and severe states. In generalized aggressive periodontitis, lactate dehydrogenase showed higher values than in control subjects in both periodontal subgroups. Alkaline phosphatase and neutrophil elastase showed higher significant differences between moderate and severe periodontitis compared with the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase showed differences between the severe and moderate periodontitis groups compared with the control group. Of all the enzymes analyzed, only lactate dehydrogenase showed higher values in localized than in generalized aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSION Lactate dehydrogenase may distinguish localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis. Alkaline phosphatase increases from moderate to severe states in both types of periodontitis. Aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil elastase only increase with strong evidence of periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Castro
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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12
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Mahfoud A, de Lucca M, Domínguez CL, Arias I, Casique L, Araujo K, Rodríguez T, Bottaro M, Colmenares AR, López ME, Merzon RM. [Clinical findings and mutational spectrum in Venezuelan patients with delayed diagnosis of phenylketonuria]. Rev Neurol 2008; 47:5-10. [PMID: 18592473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Massive neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) began in developed countries in 1963, and eventually disappeared as a cause of mental retardation. Yet, this is not the case in most developing countries. AIM To describe the phenotype and the genotype of PKU patients with a delayed diagnosis in order to draw attention to the importance of neonatal studies and molecular diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data were collected from five unrelated patients by means of a medical assessment. The molecular study was conducted using the DGGE, sequencing and/or restriction analysis techniques to search for mutations in the PAH gene. RESULTS. Owing to the delayed diagnosis all the patients presented severe clinical manifestations, such as psychomotor retardation, atypical behaviours and language disorders. Four of them presented epilepsy and there were two cases of microcephaly. The phenotype was as expected, given the genotype. Seven different mutations were detected in the 10 alleles that were studied. The IVS10nt +5 g>t mutation was the most frequent, followed by the Venezuelan mutation S349L. Furthermore, two patients presented mutated proteins with residual activity, and good results were obtained using BH4 therapy. CONCLUSIONS In our country, as in most developing countries, PKU neonatal studies are performed but the programme does not cover the whole neonatal population. In this work, we want to stress the importance of neonatal studies in the welfare of children, as well as the use of molecular diagnosis to improve the therapeutic orientation and genetic counselling of the families involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahfoud
- Unidad de Estudio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Laboratorio A Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Ctra Nacional Baruta, Venezuela
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13
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López ME, Flores J, Mendoza P, Vázquez V, Liébano E, Bravo A, Herrera D, Godínes E, Vargas P, Zamudio F. Use of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin as an alternative method of control against Haemonchus contortus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1081:347-54. [PMID: 17135537 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1373.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The biocide activity of Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) IB-16 strain was evaluated against the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) in vitro and in vivo assays. Twenty experimental jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) and 32 sheep were infected with H. contortus by oral route. Fourteen days post infection 10 jirds were treated with 0.2 mg per mL of IB-16 soluble toxin by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route and 8 sheep were treated with 0.5 mg of toxin per kg of body weight by intramuscular route 35 days after H. contortus infection. Same number of treated jirds and sheep were used as control. Fecal and blood samples were analyzed from experimental sheep to estimate the number of parasitic eggs, percentage of eosinophils, packed cell volume (PCV), and IgG title. All experimental jirds and 16 sheep (8 treated and 8 controls) were sacrificed at days 5, 7, and 30 after B. thuringiensis treatment. The percentage of nematode reduction was estimated from L(4) and H. contortus adults. The percentage of protection was 80.0 to jirds and 73.8 and 53.3 to sheep, sacrificed at days 7 and 30, respectively. Moreover, nonsignificant difference (P > or = 0.05) was detected from parasitic eggs, eosinophils, and PCV parameters. Significance level of IgG was observed only before H. contortus treatment with B. thuringiensis soluble toxin (P < or = 0.05) but nonsignificant difference was observed after treatment. These results showed that B. thuringiensis activity was similar to those observed by anthelmintic treatment and it could be used as an alternative biological method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E López
- Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria en Parasitologia Veterinaria, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico C.P. 62550.
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14
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del Moral R, López ME, Núñez MI, Oliver FJ, Valenzuela MT, Villalobos M, Ruiz de Almodóvar JM. Interactions between radiotherapy and endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2002; 9:197-205. [PMID: 12237247 DOI: 10.1677/erc.0.0090197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Whenever radiation therapy is given with curative intent there is the risk of serious damage to normal tissue. This risk increases with the dose of radiation, as does the probability of local tumour control. In the attempt to cure, the doses reach a level that inevitably causes some undesirable adverse effects, ranging from undetectable, or minimal, to unacceptably severe. Over the last few years, a number of reports have suggested that the prediction of normal tissue response after radiotherapy may be achieved by assays on samples withdrawn from the patients prior to treatment, although recent reports have described mixed results. The ability to predict tumour response to anti-hormones in patients with breast cancer has important implications with regard to treatment. Recent discoveries promise to provide individualized treatment options. However, there are no data to support that, used jointly, the combination of radiotherapy and hormone therapy may achieve an enhancement of breast cancer tumour response. Nowadays, development in cancer therapy is increasingly arising out of studies in basic science; its implementation in the hands of clinicians is improving the management of patients with cancer. In addition, as the biological aspects of irradiation and hormonal therapy offer an explanation, at least in part, for the outcome observed in patients with breast cancer after therapy, we have focused this review on trying to analyse the most relevant experimental research about the relative roles of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy, the corresponding side-effects and, taking into account recent advances, future areas of research that we consider of major importance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R del Moral
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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15
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López ME, Giordano OS, López LA. Sesquiterpene lactone dehydroleucodine selectively induces transient arrest in G2 in Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Protoplasma 2002; 219:82-88. [PMID: 11926070 DOI: 10.1007/s007090200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroleucodine is a sesquiterpene lactone recently isolated from aerial parts of a medicinal herb, Artemisia douglasiana Besser. We have previously shown that 25 and 100 microM dehydroleucodine slowed down onion root growth by 30 and 70%, respectively, affecting neither cell viability nor cell elongation. In the present study we analyze the effect of dehydroleucodine on cell cycle phases in onion (Allium cepa L.) root meristematic cells synchronized with caffeine or caffeine and hydroxyurea. Synchronized root cells treated with 100 and 200 microM dehydroleucodine present an interphase lengthening of 5.2 h and 8.2 h, respectively. The S-phase length, estimated by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay, was 6 h for both control roots and roots that had been immersed in dehydroleucodine. The peak of [3H]leucine incorporation was observed 6 h after release from synchronization in controls and in dehydroleucodine-treated roots, indicating that protein synthesis in G2 was not affected. Thus, these results show that dose-dependently dehydroleucodine selectively induces a transient arrest of meristematic cell in G2 and that dehydroleucodine can be used experimentally as a cell cycle suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E López
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de correo 56, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
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16
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Benítez A, López-Cepero JM, López ME, Amaya Vidal A. [Replacement of gastrostomy catheter using Savary dilators]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 24:515-6. [PMID: 11730625 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(01)70229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Martínez LE, Agüero CB, López ME, Galmarini CR. Improvement of in vitro gynogenesis induction in onion (Allium cepa L.) using polyamines. Plant Sci 2000; 156:221-226. [PMID: 10936529 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polyamines on gynogenetic embryogenesis and regeneration of plantlets in onion were studied. Whole flowers from two onion genotypes, 'Valcatorce INTA' cultivar and 'Torrentina' population, were used as initial explants. Embryo induction was greatest with a combined treatment of 2 mM putrescine and 0.1 mM spermidine. Addition of putrescine alone, with a few exceptions, did not have any significant effect on either embryo induction or haploid plantlet production for both onion genotypes. 'Torrentina' showed a higher embryo generation capacity (9.5%) than 'Valcatorce INTA' (2.8%). Fast regeneration of embryos was achieved (from 60 to 90 days) as compared to a previously reported time of 46-152 days. The use of spermidine (0.1 mM) after 15 days of culture promoted further embryo maturation and plantlet formation. 'Torrentina' produced more haploid plants (1.90%). This is the first report of successful use of polyamines for induction of gynogenic embryos and regeneration of onion plantlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- LE Martínez
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CC No. 7, 5505, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactobacilli are considered cariogenic micro-organisms. As oral species of lactobacilli have not been thoroughly described, the aim of this work was to isolated and identify these organisms from teeth, tongue, saliva and gum of healthy patients and to describe some of their surface properties. SUBJECTS Forty-four subjects from Tucumán, Argentina, with D, d and M, m indices equal to 0. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were obtained from different areas of the oral cavity. Microorganisms were cultured in lactobacilli selected media (LBS) and identified morphologically and biochemically. Hydrophobicity was analysed by partition in organic solvents, acidity by affinity with chloroform and basicity with ethyl acetate (MATH method), aggregation and coaggregation in presence of (NH4)2SO4, and haemagglutination with ABO erythrocytes in microplates. RESULTS Eighty-five lactobacilli were isolated; 29.4% were homofermenter, 44.7% facultative heterofermenter and 25.9% obligate heterofermenter. Predominant species were L. fermentum, L. plantarum, L. salivarius, and L. rhamnosus. Most of the strains showed moderate to high hydrophobicity and demonstrated high acid and basic surface charges with almost 40% showing salt aggregation. Few strains haemagglutinated. CONCLUSIONS A variety of Lactobacillus species were isolated from healthy mouths, some of whom showed adhesion-related properties such as high hydrophobicity and charged surfaces. Probable mechanisms related to the ecological behaviour of lactobacilli in the oral cavity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Colloca
- CERELA (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos), Chacabuco 145, (4000)-San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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19
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González-Moraleja J, Sesma P, González C, López ME, García JF, Alvarez-Sala JL. [What is the cost of inappropriate admission of pneumonia patients?]. Arch Bronconeumol 1999; 35:312-6. [PMID: 10439127 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) varies greatly from one hospital to another. Prognostic models for CAP can help physicians decide which cases to treat on an outpatient basis. Our aims were: a) to validate a model for predicting low-risk CAP, and b) to estimate savings that would have resulted if the low-risk patients identified by the model had been treated at home rather than in hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS All CAP cases diagnosed by the emergency room physicians of a hospital in northwestern Spain (Ferrol) were enrolled prospectively over a period of 19 months. The prediction rule of Fine et al was used to classify all patients. Mortality in each category was compared with the mortality predicted by Fine's system. Patients in the lowest risk categories (I and II) were considered to have been inappropriately admitted unless they were hypoxemic or had significant comorbidity. Costs were figured based on data provided by our accounting department. RESULTS Of 192 CAP patients enrolled, 131 were admitted and 61 were treated as outpatients. Ten patients died, none of whom was in classes I or II. The costs of the apparently unnecessary hospital stays of the 34 patients in these classes was 6,979,756 pesetas. The estimated savings that would have derived from treating these patients out-of-hospital was 6,133,292 pesetas (36,862 euros; 322,804 pesetas/month). CONCLUSIONS a) The predictive model used has been found useful for identifying patients at very low risk of dying from CAP; b) Using this model can improve CAP admission criteria, and c) Application of the model can lead to savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Moraleja
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide/Profesor Novoa Santos, Ferrol, La Coruña
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Baptista T, López ME, Teneud L, Contreras Q, Alastre T, de Quijada M, Araujo de Baptista E, Alternus M, Weiss SR, Musseo E, Páez X, Hernández L. Amantadine in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced obesity in rats: behavioral, endocrine and neurochemical correlates. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997; 30:43-54. [PMID: 9131724 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-979482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of the antiviral agent Amantadine (AM, 5-100 mg/kg/sc, ip or intrahypothalamically, 12.5-100 micrograms bilaterally) in influencing body weight and food intake in drug-free rats, and in preventing neuroleptic-induced weight gain, was assessed in adult female rats. In drug-free rats, acute administration of systemic AM or directly injected in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) displayed a significant dose-dependent anorectic effect (p < 0.001). This effect could be mediated by the brain monoaminergic system, because systemic or local injections of AM increased dopamine and serotonin overflow in the nucleus accumbens and in the LH. Chronic administration of AM significantly decreased body weight gain in drug-free rats only at the dose of 100 mg/kg/sc. Similarly, obesity induced by the neuroleptic drug sulpiride (SUL, 20 mg/kg/ip for 21 days) was prevented by AM only at the dose of 100 mg/kg. AM did not prevent SUL-induced hyperprolactinemia, disruption of the vaginal cycle and a decrement in the weight of the uterus and ovaries at any dosage. This lack of efficacy of AM contrasts with that of bromocriptine, which completely prevented SUL-induced weight gain and hyperprolactinemia. The results show that despite a potent acute anorectic effect, AM displays a weak antagonistic action on SUL-induced obesity in rats, in contrast to the preliminary results obtained in humans. As AM metabolism differs in humans and rats, additional research is needed before its systematic testing in counteracting neuroleptic-induced obesity in patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baptista
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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21
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López ME, Tórrez Fernández N, Elizondo Sibaja F. [Evaluation of the effort toward continuing education of the local health team. Methodological field test in the canton of Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica]. Educ Med Salud 1993; 27:630-8. [PMID: 8156900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M E López
- Departamento de Salud del niño y el adolescente, Ministerio de Salud, San José, Costa Rica
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Downey P, López ME. [Heparin in pregnant women undergoing hemodialysis. Doses according to heparin kinetic models]. Rev Med Chil 1993; 121:703-4. [PMID: 8278710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Alvarez Fernández R, Barahona RA, López ME, Rojas I. [Continuing education of health personnel: the experience in Costa Rica]. Educ Med Salud 1991; 25:167-77. [PMID: 1915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Flores ME, López ME, Santisteban I, de Céspedes C. [Epidemiology of endemic goiter in Costa Rica]. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1981; 91:531-9. [PMID: 6459792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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López ME, Mata L, Albertazzi C, Vargas W, Mohs E. [Admissions for protein-calorie malnutrition at the National Children's Hospital, Costa Rica, 1975]. REV BIOL TROP 1978; 26:451-65. [PMID: 117519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hospital records of 478 children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) were reviewed. These represented all children diagnosed as malnourished during 1975 (3.6 per cent of all hospital admittances in the National Children's Hospital); 52% of the cases were infants less than 6 months of age; 28% had low birth weight, a rate much in excess of the prevalence of low birth weight in the general population of Costa Rica (7%). In general, malnourished children had been weaned early, 75% during the first month of life. A considerable number of children belonged to "malnourishing families" which have particular characteristics favorable to establishment of malnutrition in the family. Thus, 36% of their siblings had also been admitted with malnutrition at a previous date to that of this study.
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Hernández F, Mata L, López ME, Lizano C. [Rotavirus in children with severe malnutrition]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1977; 34:993-1000. [PMID: 199211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study comprised 19 children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition admitted to Hospital Nacional de Niños. With one exception, all of the patients complained of diarrhea at the examination. Samples of stools were collected for bacteriologic, parasitologic and virologic studies. Rotavirus was shown in 4 cases and adenovirus in another 4. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella were isolated in 9 different children. It was possible to demonstrate at least one potentially pathogenic agent in 84% of the total number of cases. In malnourished infants under one year of age, the index of positiveness was 100%. It is set forth that infection is the most important factor in the etiology of diarrhea of the malnourished infant.
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