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Masetti M, Al-Batran SE, Goetze TO, Thuss-Patience P, Knorrenschild JR, Goekkurt E, Folprecht G, Ettrich TJ, Lindig U, Luley KB, Pink D, Dechow T, Sookthai D, Junge S, Loose M, Pauligk C, Lorenzen S. Efficacy of ramucirumab combination chemotherapy as second-line treatment in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction after exposure to checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy as first-line therapy. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:2142-2150. [PMID: 38447003 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
FOLFOX plus nivolumab represents a standard of care for first-line therapy of advanced gastroesophageal cancer (aGEC) with positive PD-L1 expression. The efficacy of second-line VEGFR-2 inhibition with ramucirumab (RAM) plus chemotherapy after progression to immunochemotherapy remains unclear. Medical records of patients with aGEC enrolled in the randomized phase II AIO-STO-0417 trial after treatment failure to first-line FOLFOX plus nivolumab and ipilimumab were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on second-line therapy: RAM plus chemotherapy (RAM group) or treatment without RAM (control group). Eighty three patients were included. In the overall population, progression-free survival (PFS) in the RAM group was superior to the control (4.5 vs 2.9 months). Responders (CR/PR) to first-line immunochemotherapy receiving RAM containing second-line therapy had prolonged OS from start of first-line therapy (28.9 vs 16.5 months), as well as second-line OS (9.6 vs 7.5 months), PFS (5.6 vs 2.9 months) and DCR (53% vs 29%) compared to the control. PD-L1 CPS ≥1 was 42% and 44% for the RAM and the control, respectively. Patients with CPS ≥1 in the RAM group showed better tumor control (ORR 25% vs 10%) and improved survival (total OS 11.5 vs 8.0 months; second-line OS 6.5 vs 3.9 months; PFS 4.5 vs 1.6 months) compared to the control. Prior exposure to first-line FOLFOX plus dual checkpoint inhibition followed by RAM plus chemotherapy shows favorable response and survival rates especially in patients with initial response and positive PD-L1 expression and has the potential to advance the treatment paradigm in aGEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Masetti
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Munich, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany and Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thorsten O Goetze
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany and Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Thuss-Patience
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eray Goekkurt
- Haematologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf, Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Folprecht
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Udo Lindig
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kim Barbara Luley
- UKSH Campus Lübeck, Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Pink
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Transplantationszentrum, Palliativmedizin, Universität Greifswald and Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin-Sarkomzentrum, HELIOS Klinikum Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | | | - Disorn Sookthai
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Junge
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sylvie Lorenzen
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Munich, Germany
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Goetze TO, Reichart A, Bankstahl US, Pauligk C, Loose M, Kraus TW, Elshafei M, Bechstein WO, Trojan J, Behrend M, Homann N, Venerito M, Bohle W, Varvenne M, Bolling C, Behringer DM, Kratz-Albers K, Siegler GM, Hozaeel W, Al-Batran SE. ASO Visual Abstract: Adjuvant Gemcitabine Versus Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant FOLFIRINOX in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer-The Randomized Multicenter Phase II NEPAFOX Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15145-8. [PMID: 38575722 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten O Goetze
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Alexander Reichart
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulli S Bankstahl
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas W Kraus
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Moustafa Elshafei
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Behrend
- DONAUISAR Klinikum Deggendorf, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Nils Homann
- Klinikum Wolfsburg, MedizinischeKlinik II, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Bohle
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Claus Bolling
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk M Behringer
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele M Siegler
- 5. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie/ Onkologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord/Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wael Hozaeel
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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Goetze TO, Reichart A, Bankstahl US, Pauligk C, Loose M, Kraus TW, Elshafei M, Bechstein WO, Trojan J, Behrend M, Homann N, Venerito M, Bohle W, Varvenne M, Bolling C, Behringer DM, Kratz-Albers K, Siegler GM, Hozaeel W, Al-Batran SE. Adjuvant Gemcitabine Versus Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant FOLFIRINOX in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: The Randomized Multicenter Phase II NEPAFOX Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15011-7. [PMID: 38459418 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although addition of adjuvant chemotherapy is the current standard, the prognosis of pancreatic cancers still remains poor. The NEPAFOX trial evaluated perioperative treatment with FOLFIRINOX in resectable pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter phase II trial randomized patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer without metastases into arm (A,) upfront surgery plus adjuvant gemcitabine, or arm (B,) perioperative FOLFIRINOX. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS Owing to poor accrual, recruitment was prematurely stopped after randomization of 40 of the planned 126 patients (A: 21, B: 19). Overall, approximately three-quarters were classified as primarily resectable (A: 16, B: 15), and the remaining patients were classified as borderline resectable (A: 5, B: 4). Of the 12 evaluable patients, 3 achieved partial response under neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. Of the 21 patients in arm A and 19 patients in arm B, 17 and 7 underwent curative surgery, and R0-resection was achieved in 77% and 71%, respectively. Perioperative morbidity occurred in 72% in arm A and 46% in arm B, whereas non-surgical toxicity was comparable in both arms. Median RFS/PFS was almost doubled in arm B (14.1 months) compared with arm A (8.4 months) in the population with surgical resection, whereas median OS was comparable between both arms. CONCLUSIONS Although the analysis was only descriptive owing to small patient numbers, no safety issues regarding surgical complications were observed in the perioperative FOLFIRINOX arm. Thus, considering the small number of patients, perioperative treatment approach appears feasible and potentially effective in well-selected cohorts of patients. In pancreatic cancer, patient selection before initiation of neoadjuvant therapy appears to be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten O Goetze
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institut für Klinisch Onkologische Forschchung IKF, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Alexander Reichart
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institut für Klinisch Onkologische Forschchung IKF, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulli S Bankstahl
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institut für Klinisch Onkologische Forschchung IKF, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas W Kraus
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Moustafa Elshafei
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Behrend
- Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, DONAUISAR Klinikum Deggendorf, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Nils Homann
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Bohle
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Claus Bolling
- Hämatologie/Onkologie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk M Behringer
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele M Siegler
- Klinikum Nürnberg Nord/Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Wael Hozaeel
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institut für Klinisch Onkologische Forschchung IKF, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Institut für Klinisch Onkologische Forschchung IKF, University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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Lorenzen S, Götze TO, Thuss-Patience P, Biebl M, Homann N, Schenk M, Lindig U, Heuer V, Kretzschmar A, Goekkurt E, Haag GM, Riera-Knorrenschild J, Bolling C, Hofheinz RD, Zhan T, Angermeier S, Ettrich TJ, Siebenhuener AR, Elshafei M, Bechstein WO, Gaiser T, Loose M, Sookthai D, Kopp C, Pauligk C, Al-Batran SE. Perioperative Atezolizumab Plus Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Docetaxel for Resectable Esophagogastric Cancer: Interim Results From the Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II/III DANTE/IKF-s633 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:410-420. [PMID: 37963317 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This trial evaluates the addition of the PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab (ATZ) to standard-of-care fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) as a perioperative treatment for patients with resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA). METHODS DANTE started as multicenter, randomized phase II trial, which was subsequently converted to a phase III trial. Here, we present the results of the phase II proportion, focusing on surgical pathology and safety outcomes on an exploratory basis. Patients with resectable EGA (≥cT2 or cN+) were assigned to either four preoperative and postoperative cycles of FLOT combined with ATZ, followed by eight cycles of ATZ maintenance (arm A) or FLOT alone (arm B). RESULTS Two hundred ninety-five patients were randomly assigned (A, 146; B, 149) with balanced baseline characteristics between arms. Twenty-three patients (8%) had tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), and 58% patients had tumors with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥1. Surgical morbidity (A, 45%; B, 42%) and 60-day mortality (A, 3%; B, 2%) were comparable between arms. Downstaging favored arm A versus arm B (ypT0, 23% v 15% [one-sided P = .044]; ypT0-T2, 61% v 48% [one-sided P = .015]; ypN0, 68% v 54% [one-sided P = .012]). Histopathologic complete regression rates (pathologic complete response or TRG1a) were higher after FLOT plus ATZ (A, 24%; B, 15%; one-sided P = .032), and the difference was more pronounced in the PD-L1 CPS ≥10 (A, 33%; B, 12%) and MSI (A, 63%; B, 27%) subpopulations. Complete margin-free (R0) resection rates were relatively high in both arms (A, 96%; B, 95%). The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the exploratory nature of the data, the addition of ATZ to perioperative FLOT is safe and improved postoperative stage and histopathologic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lorenzen
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Oliver Götze
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Thuss-Patience
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Biebl
- Chirurgische Klinik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Homann
- Klinikum Wolfsburg, MED. Klinik II, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schenk
- Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Udo Lindig
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Eray Goekkurt
- Haematologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf, Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Martin Haag
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Bolling
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Tianzuo Zhan
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermeier
- RKH-Kliniken Ludwigsburg, Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Reinhard Siebenhuener
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Hirslanden Zurich AG, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Kopp
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Goetze TO, Stein A, Lorenzen S, Habibzada T, Goekkurt E, Herhaus P, Loose M, Sookthai D, Brulin T, Ihrig K, Pauligk C, Al-Batran SE. Ramucirumab beyond progression plus TAS-102 in patients with advanced or metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, after treatment failure on a ramucirumab-based therapy. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1726-1733. [PMID: 37455496 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on results of prior trials (TAGS, REGARD, RAINBOW), the combination of ramucirumab beyond progression with TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) seems to be promising in advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA). In this multicenter, non-randomized, open-label, investigator-initiated pilot trial, ramucirumab-pretreated patients with metastatic EGA received a maximum of 4 cycles of ramucirumab (8 mg/kg i.v. on day 1 and 15, Q2W) plus TAS-102 (35 mg/m2 p.o. bid on day 1-5 and day 8-12; Q2W). Primary endpoint was tolerability and toxicity, defining a positive trial if the SAE rate according to CTCAE 5.0 will increase <30% (up to 55%) compared to historical results from TAGS trial (SAE rate 43%). Secondary endpoints were further evaluation of safety and assessment of efficacy according to tumor response and overall and progression-free survival (OS/PFS). Twenty patients, 20% gastric and 80% GEJ cancers and 55% with ECOG 0 were enrolled. In total, nine SAEs were reported in 25% [95% CI: 8.7-49.1] of the patients, all without relationship to the systemic therapy. The median OS and PFS were 9.1 months [5.4-10.1] and 2.9 months [1.7-4.8], respectively. In addition, a disease control rate of 45% was obtained. The trial showed a favorable safety profile with a numerically lower incidence of SAEs for the combination of ramucirumab with TAS-102 compared to historical TAGS trial. Furthermore, the combination demonstrated efficacy in the beyond progression setting and therefore warrants further evaluation in a randomized trial compared to TAS-102 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Oliver Goetze
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Stein
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf (HOPE) und Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sylvie Lorenzen
- München Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Timorshah Habibzada
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eray Goekkurt
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf (HOPE) und Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Herhaus
- München Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanita Brulin
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Ihrig
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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Al-Batran SE, Mueller DW, Rafiyan MR, Kiselicki D, Atmaca A, Habibzada T, Mueller C, Brignone C, Triebel F, Loose M, Schaaf M, Sookthai D, Eickhoff R, Jaeger E, Goetze TO. A soluble LAG-3 protein (eftilagimod alpha) and an anti-PD-L1 antibody (avelumab) tested in a phase I trial: a new combination in immuno-oncology. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101623. [PMID: 37742484 PMCID: PMC10594027 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eftilagimod alpha (efti) is a major histocompatibility complex class II agonist activating antigen-presenting cells which leads to greater systemic type 1 T helper response and more cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell activation. This phase I trial evaluated the administration of efti, a soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) protein, combined with the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody avelumab in advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with heavily pretreated metastatic solid tumors received intravenous avelumab (800 mg) combined with subcutaneously administered efti (6 or 30 mg) for up to 12 cycles, followed by avelumab monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the assessment of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of efti in combination with avelumab. RESULTS Twelve patients with different tumor entities were enrolled (six patients in each cohort). During treatment, no dose-limiting toxicities occurred, and the severity of most adverse events was grade 1 or 2. In total, nine serious adverse events were documented, resulting in a fatal outcome in two cases, but none of them were assessed to be treatment related. Five patients (42%) achieved partial response. The median progression-free survival was 1.96 months and the median overall survival was not reached, with a 12-month survival rate of 75%. CONCLUSION Subcutaneously administered efti plus avelumab was well tolerated, and efti of 30 mg was determined to be RP2D. The activity is promising and warrants further investigation in future phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-E Al-Batran
- UCT-University Cancer Center, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main; Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main.
| | - D W Mueller
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - M-R Rafiyan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - D Kiselicki
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - A Atmaca
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - T Habibzada
- UCT-University Cancer Center, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | | | | | | | - M Loose
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - M Schaaf
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - D Sookthai
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - R Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - E Jaeger
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
| | - T O Goetze
- UCT-University Cancer Center, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main; Institute of Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main
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Zec K, Thiebes S, Bottek J, Siemes D, Spangenberg P, Trieu DV, Kirstein N, Subramaniam N, Christ R, Klein D, Jendrossek V, Loose M, Wagenlehner F, Jablonska J, Bracht T, Sitek B, Budeus B, Klein-Hitpass L, Theegarten D, Shevchuk O, Engel DR. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic signature of lung alveolar macrophages reveals the integrin CD11b as a regulatory hub during pneumococcal pneumonia infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227191. [PMID: 37790937 PMCID: PMC10544576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community-acquired infections in the lung alveoli in children and the elderly. Alveolar macrophages (AM) patrol alveoli in homeostasis and under infectious conditions. However, the molecular adaptations of AM upon infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae are incompletely resolved. Methods We used a comparative transcriptomic and proteomic approach to provide novel insights into the cellular mechanism that changes the molecular signature of AM during lung infections. Using a tandem mass spectrometry approach to murine cell-sorted AM, we revealed significant proteomic changes upon lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results AM showed a strong neutrophil-associated proteomic signature, such as expression of CD11b, MPO, neutrophil gelatinases, and elastases, which was associated with phagocytosis of recruited neutrophils. Transcriptomic analysis indicated intrinsic expression of CD11b by AM. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling identified CD11b as the central molecular hub in AM, which influenced neutrophil recruitment, activation, and migration. Discussion In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the intrinsic molecular adaptations of AM upon lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and reveals profound alterations critical for effective antimicrobial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zec
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jenny Bottek
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Devon Siemes
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippa Spangenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Duc Viet Trieu
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Kirstein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nirojah Subramaniam
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Christ
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medical Faculty, Medizinisches Proteom‐Center, Ruhr‐University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Knappschafts-krankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medical Faculty, Medizinisches Proteom‐Center, Ruhr‐University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Knappschafts-krankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bettina Budeus
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Panca M, Blackstone J, Stirrup O, Cutino-Moguel MT, Thomson E, Peters C, Snell LB, Nebbia G, Holmes A, Chawla A, Machin N, Taha Y, Mahungu T, Saluja T, de Silva TI, Saeed K, Pope C, Shin GY, Williams R, Darby A, Smith DL, Loose M, Robson SC, Laing K, Partridge DG, Price JR, Breuer J. Evaluating the cost implications of integrating SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing for infection prevention and control investigation of nosocomial transmission within hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2023; 139:23-32. [PMID: 37308063 PMCID: PMC10257337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COG-UK hospital-onset COVID-19 infection (HOCI) trial evaluated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on acute infection, prevention, and control (IPC) investigation of nosocomial transmission within hospitals. AIM To estimate the cost implications of using the information from the sequencing reporting tool (SRT), used to determine likelihood of nosocomial infection in IPC practice. METHODS A micro-costing approach for SARS-CoV-2 WGS was conducted. Data on IPC management resource use and costs were collected from interviews with IPC teams from 14 participating sites and used to assign cost estimates for IPC activities as collected in the trial. Activities included IPC-specific actions following a suspicion of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) or outbreak, as well as changes to practice following the return of data via SRT. FINDINGS The mean per-sample costs of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing were estimated at £77.10 for rapid and £66.94 for longer turnaround phases. Over the three-month interventional phases, the total management costs of IPC-defined HAIs and outbreak events across the sites were estimated at £225,070 and £416,447, respectively. The main cost drivers were bed-days lost due to ward closures because of outbreaks, followed by outbreak meetings and bed-days lost due to cohorting contacts. Actioning SRTs, the cost of HAIs increased by £5,178 due to unidentified cases and the cost of outbreaks decreased by £11,246 as SRTs excluded hospital outbreaks. CONCLUSION Although SARS-CoV-2 WGS adds to the total IPC management cost, additional information provided could balance out the additional cost, depending on identified design improvements and effective deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panca
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - J Blackstone
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - O Stirrup
- Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - E Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Peters
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - L B Snell
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Nebbia
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Holmes
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chawla
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Machin
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Y Taha
- Departments of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - T Mahungu
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Saluja
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, UK
| | - T I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Saeed
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Pope
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - G Y Shin
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Williams
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Darby
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - M Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S C Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation & School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - K Laing
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - D G Partridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J R Price
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
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9
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Goetze TO, Hofheinz RD, Gaiser T, Schmalenberg H, Strumberg D, Goekkurt E, Angermeier S, Zander T, Kopp HG, Pink D, Siegler G, Schenk M, de Vita F, Galizia G, Maiello E, Bechstein WO, Elshafei M, Loose M, Sookthai D, Brulin T, Pauligk C, Homann N, Al-Batran SE. Perioperative FLOT plus ramucirumab for resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: A randomized phase II/III trial of the German AIO and Italian GOIM. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:153-163. [PMID: 36883420 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This multicenter, randomized phase II/III study evaluated the addition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor ramucirumab to FLOT as perioperative treatment for resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Patients received either FLOT alone (Arm A) or combined with ramucirumab followed by ramucirumab monotherapy (Arm B). The primary endpoint for the phase II portion was the pathological complete or subtotal response (pCR/pSR) rate. Baseline characteristics were comparable between both arms with a high rate of tumors signet-ring cell component (A:47% B:43%). No between-arm difference in pCR/pSR rate was seen (A:29% B:26%), therefore the transition to phase III was not pursued. Nevertheless, the combination was associated with a significantly increased R0-resection rate compared with FLOT alone (A:82% B:96%; P = .009). In addition, the median disease-free survival was numerically improved in Arm B (A:21 months B:32 months, HR 0.75, P = 0.218), while the median overall survival was similar in both treatment arms (A:45 months B:46 months, HR 0.94, P = 0.803). Patients with Siewert type I tumors receiving transthoracic esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis showed an increased risk of serious postoperative complications after ramucirumab treatment, therefore recruitment of those patients was stopped after the first-third of the study. Overall, surgical morbidity and mortality was comparable, whereas more non-surgical grade ≥ 3 adverse events were observed with the combination, especially anorexia (A:1% B:11%), hypertension (A:4% B:13%) and infections (A:19% B:33%). The combination of ramucirumab and FLOT as perioperative treatment shows efficacy signals, particularly in terms of R0 resection rates, for a study population with a high proportion of prognostically poor histological subtypes, and further evaluation in this subgroup seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten O Goetze
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Schmalenberg
- IV. Medical Clinic (Friedrichstadt), Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Strumberg
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Marienhospital Herne, University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Eray Goekkurt
- Hematology-Oncology Practice, Specialist Center Eppendorf und University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermeier
- Center for Palliative Care Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim, RKH Kliniken, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Hans G Kopp
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Pink
- Sarcoma Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine C, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriele Siegler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Nürnberg/Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schenk
- Hospital Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinando de Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Foundation IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moustafa Elshafei
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanita Brulin
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Homann
- Medical Department II, Hospital Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF, Frankfurt, Germany
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Colton H, Parker M, Stirrup O, Blackstone J, Loose M, McClure C, Roy S, Williams C, McLeod J, Smith D, Taha Y, Zhang P, Hsu S, Kele B, Harris K, Mapp F, Williams R, Flowers P, Breuer J, Partridge D, de Silva T. Factors affecting turnaround time of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing for inpatient infection prevention and control decision making: analysis of data from the COG-UK HOCI study. J Hosp Infect 2023; 131:34-42. [PMID: 36228768 PMCID: PMC9550290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barriers to rapid return of sequencing results can affect the utility of sequence data for infection prevention and control decisions. AIM To undertake a mixed-methods analysis to identify challenges that sites faced in achieving a rapid turnaround time (TAT) in the COVID-19 Genomics UK Hospital-Onset COVID-19 Infection (COG-UK HOCI) study. METHODS For the quantitative analysis, timepoints relating to different stages of the sequencing process were extracted from both the COG-UK HOCI study dataset and surveys of study sites. Qualitative data relating to the barriers and facilitators to achieving rapid TATs were included from thematic analysis. FINDINGS The overall TAT, from sample collection to receipt of sequence report by infection control teams, varied between sites (median 5.1 days, range 3.0-29.0 days). Most variation was seen between reporting of a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result to sequence report generation (median 4.0 days, range 2.3-27.0 days). On deeper analysis, most of this variability was accounted for by differences in the delay between the COVID-19 PCR result and arrival of the sample at the sequencing laboratory (median 20.8 h, range 16.0-88.7 h). Qualitative analyses suggest that closer proximity of sequencing laboratories to diagnostic laboratories, increased staff flexibility and regular transport times facilitated a shorter TAT. CONCLUSION Integration of pathogen sequencing into diagnostic laboratories may help to improve sequencing TAT to allow sequence data to be of tangible value to infection control practice. Adding a quality control step upstream to increase capacity further down the workflow may also optimize TAT if lower quality samples are removed at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Colton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,Directorate of Laboratory Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - M.D. Parker
- Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - O. Stirrup
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Blackstone
- The Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - C.P. McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S. Roy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. McLeod
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. Smith
- Department of Applied Biology, Cellular and Molecular Sciences/Microbiology Group, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Y. Taha
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - P. Zhang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S.N. Hsu
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B. Kele
- Virology Department, East and South East London Pathology Partnership, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - K. Harris
- Virology Department, East and South East London Pathology Partnership, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - F. Mapp
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - P. Flowers
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - D.G. Partridge
- Directorate of Laboratory Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - T.I. de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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11
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Schagdarsurengin U, Breiding V, Loose M, Wagenlehner F, Dansranjav T. Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is epigenetically activated in luminal epithelial cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:991368. [PMID: 36226067 PMCID: PMC9549294 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.991368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune adjuvants such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists reflects a novel strategy in prostate cancer (PCa) therapy. However, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), a central effector of TLR signaling, has been shown to be responsible for resistance to radiation-induced tumor cell death. In order to better understand the function and epigenetic regulation of IRAK1 in PCa, we performed in vitro cell culture experiments together with integrative bioinformatic studies using the latest single-cell RNA-sequencing data of human PCa and normal prostate (NOR), and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We focused on key effectors of TLR signaling, the Myddosome-complex components IRAK1, IRAK4 and MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88), and TRAF6 (tumor-necrosis-factor receptor associated factor 6). In PCa, IRAK1-mRNA was specifically enriched in luminal epithelial cells, representing 57% of all cells, whereas IRAK4 and MYD88 were predominantly expressed in leukocytes, and TRAF6, in endothelial cells. Compared to NOR, only IRAK1 was significantly overexpressed in PCa (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p<2x10-8), whereas the expression of IRAK4, MYD88, and TRAF6 was unchanged in PCa, and IRAK1-expression was inversely correlated with a specific differentially methylated region (IRAK1-DMR) within a predicted promoter region enriched for H3K27ac (Spearman correlation r<-0.36; Fisher’s test, p<10-10). Transcription factors with high binding affinities in IRAK1-DMR were significantly enriched for canonical pathways associated with viral infection and carcinogenic transformation in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes analysis. DU145 cells, exhibiting hypermethylated IRAK1-DMR and low IRAK1-expression, reacted with 4-fold increased IRAK1-expression upon combined treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, and were unresponsive to infection with the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89. In contrast, PC3 and LNCaP cells, exhibiting hypomethylated IRAK1-DMR and high endogenous IRAK1-mRNA levels, responded with strong activation of IRAK1-expression to UTI89 infection. In summary, exclusive overexpression of IRAK1 was observed in luminal epithelial cells in PCa, suggesting it has a role in addition to Myddosome-dependent TLR signaling. Our data show that the endogenous epigenetic status of PCa cells within IRAK1-DMR is decisive for IRAK1 expression and should be considered as a predictive marker when selective IRAK1-targeting therapies are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undraga Schagdarsurengin
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Working group Epigenetics of the Urogenital System, Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Breiding
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Working group Urological Infectiology, Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Temuujin Dansranjav
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Temuujin Dansranjav,
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12
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Hofheinz RD, Merx K, Haag GM, Springfeld C, Ettrich T, Borchert K, Kretzschmar A, Teschendorf C, Siegler G, Ebert MP, Goekkurt E, Mahlberg R, Homann N, Pink D, Bechstein W, Reichardt P, Flach H, Gaiser T, Battmann A, Oduncu FS, Loose M, Sookthai D, Pauligk C, Göetze TO, Al-Batran SE. FLOT Versus FLOT/Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab Perioperative Therapy of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Resectable Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Trial of the AIO EGA Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:3750-3761. [PMID: 35709415 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and comparably good survival data were seen in a phase II trial combining perioperative fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) chemotherapy with trastuzumab for resectable, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA). The current trial evaluates the addition of trastuzumab and pertuzumab to FLOT as perioperative treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive resectable EGA. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized phase II/III trial, patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, resectable EGA (≥ clinical tumor 2 or clinical nodal-positive) were assigned to four pre- and postoperative cycles of either FLOT alone (arm A) or combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab, followed by nine cycles of trastuzumab/pertuzumab (arm B). The primary end point for the phase II part was the rate of pCR. RESULTS The trial was closed prematurely, without transition into phase III, after results of the JACOB trial were reported. Eighty-one patients were randomly assigned (A: 41/B: 40) during the phase II part. The pCR rate was significantly improved with the trastuzumab/pertuzumab treatment (A: 12%/B: 35%; P = .02). Similarly, the rate of pathologic lymph node negativity was higher with trastuzumab/pertuzumab (A: 39%/B: 68%), whereas the R0 resection rate (A: 90%/B: 93%) and surgical morbidity (A: 43%/B: 44%) were comparable. Moreover, the inhouse mortality was equal in both arms (overall 2.5%). The median disease-free survival was 26 months in arm A and not yet reached in arm B (hazard ratio 0.58; P = .14). After a median follow-up of 22 months, the median overall survival was not yet reached (hazard ratio 0.56; P = .24). Disease-free survival and overall survival rates (95% CI) at 24 months were 54% (38 to 71) and 77% (63 to 90) in arm A and 70% (55 to 85) and 84% (72 to 96) in arm B, respectively. More ≥ grade 3 adverse events were reported with trastuzumab/pertuzumab, especially diarrhea (A: 5%/B: 41%) and leukopenia (A: 13%/B: 23%). CONCLUSION The addition of trastuzumab/pertuzumab to perioperative FLOT significantly improved pCR and nodal negativity rates at the price of higher rates of diarrhea and leukopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Merx
- Mannheim Cancer Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg M Haag
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ettrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kersten Borchert
- Department of Hematology/ Oncology, Hospital Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gabriele Siegler
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/ Oncology, Hospital Nürnberg Nord/Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Mannheim Cancer Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Department II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eray Goekkurt
- Hematology-Oncology Practice, Specialist Center Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mahlberg
- Medical Department I, Hospital Mutterhaus Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Nils Homann
- Medical Department II, Hospital Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pink
- Sarcoma Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine C, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolf Bechstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Sarcoma Center Berlin-Brandenburg, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Flach
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pius Hospital, University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Achim Battmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fuat S Oduncu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital München, München, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten O Göetze
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,UCT-University Cancer Center, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Institute for Clinical Cancer Research IKF at Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,UCT-University Cancer Center, Hospital Northwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Tarlinton RE, Legione AR, Sarker N, Fabijan J, Meers J, McMichael L, Simmons G, Owen H, Seddon JM, Dick G, Ryder JS, Hemmatzedah F, Trott DJ, Speight N, Holmes N, Loose M, Emes RD. Differential and defective transcription of koala retrovirus indicates the complexity of host and virus evolution. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35762858 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is unique amongst endogenous (inherited) retroviruses in that its incorporation to the host genome is still active, providing an opportunity to study what drives this fundamental process in vertebrate genome evolution. Animals in the southern part of the natural range of koalas were previously thought to be either virus-free or to have only exogenous variants of KoRV with low rates of KoRV-induced disease. In contrast, animals in the northern part of their range universally have both endogenous and exogenous KoRV with very high rates of KoRV-induced disease such as lymphoma. In this study we use a combination of sequencing technologies, Illumina RNA sequencing of 'southern' (south Australian) and 'northern' (SE QLD) koalas and CRISPR enrichment and nanopore sequencing of DNA of 'southern' (South Australian and Victorian animals) to retrieve full-length loci and intregration sites of KoRV variants. We demonstrate that koalas that tested negative to the KoRV pol gene qPCR, used to detect replication-competent KoRV, are not in fact KoRV-free but harbour defective, presumably endogenous, 'RecKoRV' variants that are not fixed between animals. This indicates that these populations have historically been exposed to KoRV and raises questions as to whether these variants have arisen by chance or whether they provide a protective effect from the infectious forms of KoRV. This latter explanation would offer the intriguing prospect of being able to monitor and selectively breed for disease resistance to protect the wild koala population from KoRV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A R Legione
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Sarker
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Fabijan
- Longleat Safari Park, Durrel Wildlife Conservation Trust, UK
| | - J Meers
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L McMichael
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Simmons
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Owen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J M Seddon
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Dick
- Longleat Safari Park, Durrel Wildlife Conservation Trust, UK
| | - J S Ryder
- Garston Veterinary Group, Somerset, UK
| | - F Hemmatzedah
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - N Speight
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - N Holmes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Loose M, Sáez Moreno D, Mutti M, Hitzenhammer E, Visram Z, Dippel D, Schertler S, Tišáková LP, Wittmann J, Corsini L, Wagenlehner F. Natural Bred ε 2-Phages Have an Improved Host Range and Virulence against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli over Their Ancestor Phages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1337. [PMID: 34827275 PMCID: PMC8614997 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatments for Escherichia coli infections are urgently needed, and phage therapy is a promising option where antibiotics fail, especially for urinary tract infections (UTI). We used wastewater-isolated phages to test their lytic activity against a panel of 47 E. coli strains reflecting the diversity of strains found in UTI, including sequence type 131, 73 and 69. The plaquing host range (PHR) was between 13 and 63%. In contrast, the kinetic host range (KHR), describing the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h, was between 0% and 19%, substantially lower than the PHR. To improve the phage host range and their efficacy, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of E. coli strains. The bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared ε2-phages, of a mixture of Myoviridae have KHRs up to 23% broader compared to their ancestors. Furthermore, using constant phage concentrations, Myoviridae ε2-phages suppressed the growth of higher bacterial inocula than their ancestors did. Thus, the ε2-phages were more virulent compared to their ancestors. Analysis of the genetic sequences of the ε2-phages with the broadest host range reveals that they are mosaic intercrossings of 2-3 ancestor phages. The recombination sites are distributed over the whole length of the genome. All ε2-phages are devoid of genes conferring lysogeny, antibiotic resistance, or virulence. Overall, this study shows that ε2-phages are remarkably more suitable than the wild-type phages for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loose
- Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.L.); (D.D.)
| | - David Sáez Moreno
- PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; (D.S.M.); (M.M.); (E.H.); (Z.V.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Michele Mutti
- PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; (D.S.M.); (M.M.); (E.H.); (Z.V.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Eva Hitzenhammer
- PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; (D.S.M.); (M.M.); (E.H.); (Z.V.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Zehra Visram
- PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; (D.S.M.); (M.M.); (E.H.); (Z.V.); (L.P.T.)
| | - David Dippel
- Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Susanne Schertler
- DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganism and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz Institute, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Lenka Podpera Tišáková
- PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; (D.S.M.); (M.M.); (E.H.); (Z.V.); (L.P.T.)
- DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganism and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz Institute, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganism and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz Institute, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Lorenzo Corsini
- PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; (D.S.M.); (M.M.); (E.H.); (Z.V.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.L.); (D.D.)
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15
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Dogan H, Patel A, Herold-Mende C, Pfister S, Wick W, Loose M, von Deimling A, Sill M, Jones D, Sahm F. P07.04 Rapid-CNS2: Rapid comprehensive adaptive nanopore-sequencing of CNS tumors, a proof of concept study. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The WHO classification 2021 includes multiple molecular markers for routine diagnostics in addition to histology. Sequencing setup for complete molecular profiling requires considerable investment, while batching samples for sequencing and methylation profiling can delay turnaround time. We introduce RAPID-CNS2, a nanopore adaptive sequencing pipeline that enables comprehensive mutational, methylation and copy number profiling of CNS tumours with a single third generation sequencing assay. It can be run for single samples and offers highly flexible target selection requiring no additional library preparation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Utilising ReadFish, a toolkit enabling targeted nanopore sequencing, we sequenced DNA from 22 diffuse glioma patient samples on a MinION device. Target regions comprised our Heidelberg brain tumour NGS panel and pre-selected CpG sites for methylation classification by an adapted random forest classifier. Pathognomonic alterations, copy number profiles, and methylation classes were called using a custom bioinformatics pipeline. Results were compared to their corresponding NGS panel-seq and EPIC array outputs.
RESULTS
Complete concordance with the EPIC array was found for copy number profiles from RAPID-CNS2. 94% pathognomonic mutations were congruent with NGS panel-seq. MGMT promoter status was correctly identified in all samples. Methylation families were detected with 96% congruence. Among the alterations decisive for rendering a classification-compatible integrated diagnosis, 97% of the alterations were consistent over the entire cohort (completely congruent in 19/22 cases and sufficient for unequivocal diagnosis in all).
CONCLUSION
RAPID-CNS2 provides a swift and highly flexible alternative to conventional NGS and array-based methods for SNV/Indel analysis, detection of copy number alterations and methylation classification. The turnaround time of ~4 days can be further shortened to <12h by altering target sizes. It offers a low-capital approach that would be cost-efficient for low throughput settings and invaluable in cases requiring immediate diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dogan
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Patel
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Herold-Mende
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Wick
- Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Loose
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A von Deimling
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Sill
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Sahm
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Loose M, Naber KG, Purcell L, Wirth MP, Wagenlehner FME. Anti-Biofilm Effect of Octenidine and Polyhexanide on Uropathogenic Biofilm-Producing Bacteria. Urol Int 2021; 105:278-284. [PMID: 33401282 DOI: 10.1159/000512370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A catheter allowing a release of antibacterial substances such as antiseptics into the bladder could be a new way of preventing biofilm formation and subsequent catheter-associated urinary tract infections. METHODS Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) determinations in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth and artificial urine were performed for 4 antiseptics against 3 uropathogenic biofilm producers, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, effects of octenidine and polyhexanide against catheter biofilm formation were determined by quantification of biofilm-producing bacteria. RESULTS Sodium hypochlorite showed MIC/MBC values between 200 and 800 mg/L for all strains tested. Triclosan was efficient against E. coli and P. mirabilis (MIC ≤2.98 mg/L) but ineffective against P. aeruginosa. Octenidine and polyhexanide showed antibacterial activity against all 3 species tested (MIC 1.95-7.8 and 3.9-31.25 mg/L). Both octenidine and polyhexanide were able to prevent biofilm formation on catheter segments in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, adding 250 mg/L of each biocide disrupted biofilms formed by E. coli and P. mirabilis, whereas even 500 mg/L was not sufficient to completely destroy P. aeruginosa biofilms. CONCLUSION Octenidine- and polyhexanide-containing antiseptics showed a broad effect against typical uropathogenic biofilm producers even in high dilutions. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the potential of octenidine and polyhexanide as prophylaxis or treatment of catheter biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loose
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany,
| | - Kurt G Naber
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian M E Wagenlehner
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Hennessen F, Miethke M, Zaburannyi N, Loose M, Lukežič T, Bernecker S, Hüttel S, Jansen R, Schmiedel J, Fritzenwanker M, Imirzalioglu C, Vogel J, Westermann AJ, Hesterkamp T, Stadler M, Wagenlehner F, Petković H, Herrmann J, Müller R. Amidochelocardin Overcomes Resistance Mechanisms Exerted on Tetracyclines and Natural Chelocardin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090619. [PMID: 32962088 PMCID: PMC7559539 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reassessment of known but neglected natural compounds is a vital strategy for providing novel lead structures urgently needed to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Scaffolds with resistance-breaking properties represent the most promising candidates for a successful translation into future therapeutics. Our study focuses on chelocardin, a member of the atypical tetracyclines, and its bioengineered derivative amidochelocardin, both showing broad-spectrum antibacterial activity within the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) panel. Further lead development of chelocardins requires extensive biological and chemical profiling to achieve favorable pharmaceutical properties and efficacy. This study shows that both molecules possess resistance-breaking properties enabling the escape from most common tetracycline resistance mechanisms. Further, we show that these compounds are potent candidates for treatment of urinary tract infections due to their in vitro activity against a large panel of multidrug-resistant uropathogenic clinical isolates. In addition, the mechanism of resistance to natural chelocardin was identified as relying on efflux processes, both in the chelocardin producer Amycolatopsis sulphurea and in the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance development in Klebsiella led primarily to mutations in ramR, causing increased expression of the acrAB-tolC efflux pump. Most importantly, amidochelocardin overcomes this resistance mechanism, revealing not only the improved activity profile but also superior resistance-breaking properties of this novel antibacterial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Hennessen
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.H.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (T.L.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcus Miethke
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.H.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (T.L.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.H.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (T.L.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Loose
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Tadeja Lukežič
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.H.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (T.L.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Jansen
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Judith Schmiedel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (J.S.); (M.F.); (C.I.)
| | - Moritz Fritzenwanker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (J.S.); (M.F.); (C.I.)
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (J.S.); (M.F.); (C.I.)
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.V.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Alexander J. Westermann
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.V.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Thomas Hesterkamp
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Hrvoje Petković
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.H.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (T.L.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (R.M.); Tel.: +49-681-98806-3101 (J.H.); +49-681-98806-3000 (R.M.)
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.H.); (M.M.); (N.Z.); (T.L.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.B.); (S.H.); (R.J.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (R.M.); Tel.: +49-681-98806-3101 (J.H.); +49-681-98806-3000 (R.M.)
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18
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Loose M, Naber KG, Coates A, Wagenlehner FME, Hu Y. Effect of Different Media on the Bactericidal Activity of Colistin and on the Synergistic Combination With Azidothymidine Against mcr-1-Positive Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:54. [PMID: 32063896 PMCID: PMC7000358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) performed according to defined guidelines is important to identify resistance and to predict the clinical success or failure of specific antibiotic therapy. However, these guidelines do not cover all physiological conditions that can have a tremendous impact on in vivo resistance. In this study, we tested the susceptibility of thirteen mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strains against colistin, one of the last resort antibiotics for treating multi-drug resistant pathogens, in media recommended for ASTs as well as – physiologically more relevant – in human serum and artificial urine (AU). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in heat-inactivated human serum were similar to those in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB), but reduced in native serum for almost all strains that could grow in this media. In AU MIC values for mcr-1 positive E. coli were increased significantly up to 16-fold compared to that in CAMBH, which did not apply to the colistin-susceptible E. coli strains tested. Although different growth media could affect the MIC of colistin alone, their impact on the synergistic effect of the combination with the antiviral drug azidothymidine was minimal. The higher divalent cation concentration combined with acidic pH values is most likely responsible for the increased MIC values of the mcr-1 harboring E. coli strains tested against colistin in AU compared to that in CAMHB. Antimicrobial susceptibility screening procedures for colistin using CAMHB only could lead to an underestimation of resistance under different physiological conditions. Therefore, not only pharmacokinetic but also pharmacodynamic studies in urine are as important as in serum or plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loose
- Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt G Naber
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anthony Coates
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Helperby Therapeutics Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian M E Wagenlehner
- Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Loose M, Naber KG, Hu Y, Coates A, Wagenlehner FM. Serum bactericidal activity of colistin and azidothymidine combinations against mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:783-789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Faria NR, Quick J, Claro IM, Thézé J, de Jesus JG, Giovanetti M, Kraemer MUG, Hill SC, Black A, da Costa AC, Franco LC, Silva SP, Wu CH, Raghwani J, Cauchemez S, du Plessis L, Verotti MP, de Oliveira WK, Carmo EH, Coelho GE, Santelli ACFS, Vinhal LC, Henriques CM, Simpson JT, Loose M, Andersen KG, Grubaugh ND, Somasekar S, Chiu CY, Muñoz-Medina JE, Gonzalez-Bonilla CR, Arias CF, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Chieppe AO, Aguiar SF, Fernandes CA, Lemos PS, Nascimento BLS, Monteiro HAO, Siqueira IC, de Queiroz MG, de Souza TR, Bezerra JF, Lemos MR, Pereira GF, Loudal D, Moura LC, Dhalia R, França RF, Magalhães T, Marques ET, Jaenisch T, Wallau GL, de Lima MC, Nascimento V, de Cerqueira EM, de Lima MM, Mascarenhas DL, Neto JPM, Levin AS, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Fonseca SN, Mendes-Correa MC, Milagres FP, Segurado A, Holmes EC, Rambaut A, Bedford T, Nunes MRT, Sabino EC, Alcantara LCJ, Loman NJ, Pybus OG. Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas. Nature 2017; 546:406-410. [PMID: 28538727 DOI: 10.1038/nature22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - J Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I M Claro
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - J G de Jesus
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Giovanetti
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - A Black
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A C da Costa
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Franco
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - S P Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - C-H Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - S Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA3012, Paris, France
| | - L du Plessis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - M P Verotti
- Coordenação dos Laboratórios de Saúde (CGLAB/DEVIT/SVS), Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - W K de Oliveira
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância e Resposta às Emergências em Saúde Pública (CGVR/DEVIT), Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - E H Carmo
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - G E Coelho
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A C F S Santelli
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L C Vinhal
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - C M Henriques
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - J T Simpson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Loose
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - N D Grubaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - S Somasekar
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine &Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C Y Chiu
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine &Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J E Muñoz-Medina
- División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C R Gonzalez-Bonilla
- División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C F Arias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - A O Chieppe
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S F Aguiar
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Fernandes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P S Lemos
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - B L S Nascimento
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - H A O Monteiro
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - I C Siqueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M G de Queiroz
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - T R de Souza
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Universidade Potiguar do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - J F Bezerra
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Faculdade Natalense de Ensino e Cultura, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - M R Lemos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - G F Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - D Loudal
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - L C Moura
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - R Dhalia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R F França
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T Magalhães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology &Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - E T Marques
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T Jaenisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G L Wallau
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M C de Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - V Nascimento
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - E M de Cerqueira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - M M de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D L Mascarenhas
- Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - A S Levin
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S N Fonseca
- Hospital São Francisco, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M C Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F P Milagres
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil
| | - A Segurado
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - A Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - T Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M R T Nunes
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - E C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - N J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - O G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Metabiota, San Francisco, California 94104, USA
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Lucas R, Yue Q, Alli A, Duke BJ, Al-Khalili O, Thai TL, Hamacher J, Sridhar S, Lebedyeva I, Su H, Tzotzos S, Fischer B, Gameiro AF, Loose M, Chakraborty T, Shabbir W, Aufy M, Lemmens-Gruber R, Eaton DC, Czikora I. The Lectin-like Domain of TNF Increases ENaC Open Probability through a Novel Site at the Interface between the Second Transmembrane and C-terminal Domains of the α-Subunit. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23440-23451. [PMID: 27645999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which regulates fluid homeostasis and blood pressure, is complex and remains incompletely understood. The TIP peptide, a mimic of the lectin-like domain of TNF, activates ENaC by binding to glycosylated residues in the extracellular loop of ENaC-α, as well as to a hitherto uncharacterized internal site. Molecular docking studies suggested three residues, Val567, Glu568, and Glu571, located at the interface between the second transmembrane and C-terminal domains of ENaC-α, as a critical site for binding of the TIP peptide. We generated Ala replacement mutants in this region of ENaC-α and examined its interaction with TIP peptide (3M, V567A/E568A/E571A; 2M, V567A/E568A; and 1M, E571A). 3M and 2M ENaC-α, but not 1M ENaC-α, displayed significantly reduced binding capacity to TIP peptide and to TNF. When overexpressed in H441 cells, 3M mutant ENaC-α formed functional channels with similar gating and density characteristics as the WT subunit and efficiently associated with the β and γ subunits in the plasma membrane. We subsequently assayed for increased open probability time and membrane expression, both of which define ENaC activity, following addition of TIP peptide. TIP peptide increased open probability time in H441 cells overexpressing wild type and 1M ENaC-α channels, but not 3M or 2M ENaC-α channels. On the other hand, TIP peptide-mediated reduction in ENaC ubiquitination was similar in cells overexpressing either WT or 3M ENaC-α subunits. In summary, this study has identified a novel site in ENaC-α that is crucial for activation of the open probability of the channel, but not membrane expression, by the lectin-like domain of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- From the Vascular Biology Center, .,the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and.,the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Qiang Yue
- the Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Abdel Alli
- the Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | | | - Otor Al-Khalili
- the Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tiffany L Thai
- the Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- the Department of Pulmonology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- the Department of Chemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Huabo Su
- From the Vascular Biology Center
| | - Susan Tzotzos
- Apeptico Research and Development, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Maria Loose
- the Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- the Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Waheed Shabbir
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosa Lemmens-Gruber
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- the Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,
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22
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Abstract
Bacterial cytokinesis is commonly initiated by the Z-ring, a dynamic cytoskeletal structure that assembles at the site of division. Its primary component is FtsZ, a tubulin-like GTPase, that like its eukaryotic relative forms protein filaments in the presence of GTP. Since the discovery of the Z-ring 25years ago, various models for the role of FtsZ have been suggested. However, important information about the architecture and dynamics of FtsZ filaments during cytokinesis is still missing. One reason for this lack of knowledge has been the small size of bacteria, which has made it difficult to resolve the orientation and dynamics of individual FtsZ filaments in the Z-ring. While superresolution microscopy experiments have helped to gain more information about the organization of the Z-ring in the dividing cell, they were not yet able to elucidate a mechanism of how FtsZ filaments reorganize during assembly and disassembly of the Z-ring. In this chapter, we explain how to use an in vitro reconstitution approach to investigate the self-organization of FtsZ filaments recruited to a biomimetic lipid bilayer by its membrane anchor FtsA. We show how to perform single-molecule experiments to study the behavior of individual FtsZ monomers during the constant reorganization of the FtsZ-FtsA filament network. We describe how to analyze the dynamics of single molecules and explain why this information can help to shed light onto possible mechanism of Z-ring constriction. We believe that similar experimental approaches will be useful to study the mechanism of membrane-based polymerization of other cytoskeletal systems, not only from prokaryotic but also eukaryotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baranova
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - M Loose
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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23
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Loose M, Pillich H, Chakraborty T. Fisetin Protects Against Listeria monocytogenes Infection by Reducing the Production of Listeriolysin O. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:684-5. [PMID: 26347572 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loose
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Helena Pillich
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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24
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Hussein HA, Loose M, Wehrend A. [Incidence of puerperal diseases during the first 10 days after foaling in the mare]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2015; 43:150-3. [PMID: 25959992 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-141001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of puerperal diseases in breeding mares in the first 10 days after birth by analysing patient data. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a university clinic patient data of 308 breeding mares with puerperal disorders which presented within the first 10 days postpartum were evaluated over a period of 10 years. A distinction was made between diseases which were able to be diagnosed at the first examination and diseases which developed during the patient's stay in the clinic. RESULTS A total of 21 diseases were diagnosed, with a retained placenta, lochiometra and injuries to the perineum being the most common. Many mares displayed more than one disease. Mares with a retained placenta most commonly also presented with perineal ruptures, followed by animals who also had lochiometra. Mares suffering from lochiometra commonly presented together with a retained placenta and injuries as a result of birth. Some of the mares developed further diseases. In mares with a retained placenta, this was most commonly lochiometra, followed by puerperal laminitis and thrombophlebitis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The data collection shows that several diseases could relatively frequently be diagnosed in mares with puerperal disorders. Therefore, a higher percentage of further diseases must be assumed for mares which have a puerperal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Wehrend
- Prof. Dr. Axel Wehrend, Dipl. ECAR, Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie, der Groß- und Kleintiere mit Tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 106, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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25
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Loose M, Hudel M, Zimmer KP, Garcia E, Hammerschmidt S, Lucas R, Chakraborty T, Pillich H. Pneumococcal hydrogen peroxide-induced stress signaling regulates inflammatory genes. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:306-16. [PMID: 25183769 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections can induce aberrant responses in cellular stress pathways, leading to translational attenuation, metabolic restriction, and activation of oxidative stress, with detrimental effects on cell survival. Here we show that infection of human airway epithelial cells with Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, activation of mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and regulation of their respective target genes. We identify pneumococcal H2O2 as the causative agent for these responses, as both catalase-treated and pyruvate oxidase-deficient bacteria lacked these activities. Pneumococcal H2O2 induced nuclear NF-κB translocation and transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of translational arrest and ER stress by salubrinal or of MAPK signaling pathways attenuate cytokine transcription. These results provide strong evidence for the notion that inhibition of translation is an important host pathway in monitoring harmful pathogen-associated activities, thereby enabling differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loose
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site
| | - Martina Hudel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site
| | | | - Ernesto Garcia
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site
| | - Helena Pillich
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site
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26
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Brown LE, King JR, Loose M. Two different network topologies yield bistability in models of mesoderm and anterior mesendoderm specification in amphibians. J Theor Biol 2014; 353:67-77. [PMID: 24650939 PMCID: PMC4029075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) that underlie development is a major question for systems biology. The establishment of the germ layers is amongst the earliest events of development and has been characterised in numerous model systems. The establishment of the mesoderm is best characterised in the frog Xenopus laevis and has been well studied both experimentally and mathematically. However, the Xenopus network has significant differences from that in mouse and humans, including the presence of multiple copies of two key genes in the network, Mix and Nodal. The axolotl, a urodele amphibian, provides a model with all the benefits of amphibian embryology but crucially only a single Mix and Nodal gene required for the specification of the mesoderm. Remarkably, the number of genes within the network is not the only difference. The interaction between Mix and Brachyury, two transcription factors involved in the establishment of the endoderm and mesoderm respectively, is not conserved. While Mix represses Brachyury in Xenopus, it activates Brachyury in axolotl. Thus, whilst the topology of the networks in the two species differs, both are able to form mesoderm and endoderm in vivo. Based on current knowledge of the structure of the mesendoderm GRN we develop deterministic models that describe the time evolution of transcription factors in a single axolotl cell and compare numerical simulations with previous results from Xenopus. The models are shown to have stable steady states corresponding to mesoderm and anterior mesendoderm, with the in vitro model showing how the concentration of Activin can determine cell fate, while the in vivo model shows that β-catenin concentration can determine cell fate. Moreover, our analysis suggests that additional components must be important in the axolotl network in the specification of the full range of tissues. We present models of mesendoderm specification in the urodele amphibian, the axolotl. in vitro and in vivo models are simulated and compared with experimental data. The model topology differs from that of the anuran amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Steady states representing mesoderm and anterior mesendoderm are found in both models. Both the axolotl and Xenopus topologies can account for similar qualitative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Brown
- MyCIB, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - J R King
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - M Loose
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queen׳s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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27
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Middleton AM, King JR, Loose M. Wave pinning and spatial patterning in a mathematical model of Antivin/Lefty-Nodal signalling. J Math Biol 2012; 67:1393-424. [PMID: 23070212 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-012-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nodal signals are key regulators of mesoderm and endoderm development in vertebrate embryos. It has been observed experimentally that in Xenopus embryos the spatial range of Nodal signals is restricted by the signal Antivin (also known as Lefty). Nodal signals can activate both Nodal and Antivin, whereas Antivin is thought to antagonise Nodal by binding either directly to it or to its receptor. In this paper we develop a mathematical model of this signalling network in a line of cells. We consider the heterodimer and receptor-mediated inhibition mechanisms separately and find that, in both cases, the restriction by Antivin to the range of Nodal signals corresponds to wave pinning in the model. Our analysis indicates that, provided Antivin diffuses faster than Nodal, either mechanism can robustly account for the experimental data. We argue that, in the case of Xenopus development, it is wave pinning, rather than Turing-type patterning, that is underlying Nodal-Antivin dynamics. This leads to several experimentally testable predictions, which are discussed. Furthermore, for heterodimer-mediated inhibition to prevent waves of Nodal expression from propagating, the Nodal-Antivin complex must be turned over, and diffusivity of the complex must be negligible. In the absence of molecular mechanisms regulating these, we suggest that Antivin restricts Nodal signals via receptor-mediated, and not heterodimer-mediated, inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Middleton
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Habsburgerstrasse 49, Freiburg, 79104, Germany,
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to perturbation of homeostasis with stress. To maintain ER function, a signalling-circuitry has evolved which, when engaged, attempts to reduce a surplus of unfolded proteins by triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). Several studies have implicated UPR in viral infections, neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases but UPR has not yet been widely linked to bacterial infections. Here we demonstrate that the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) induces ER expansion and UPR prior to host cell entry. Lm activated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) evidenced by the phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (eIF2α), inositol-requiring protein-1 (IRE1) as shown by detection of spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) as demonstrated by depletion of its inactive form. A mutant LmΔhly strain that did not produce listeriolysin (LLO) lacked the UPR response. Conversely purified LLO activated UPR. Sustained infection with Lm resulted in apoptosis. Induction of ER stress by thapsigargin or tunicamycin reduced intracellular bacterial number. Our findings suggest that UPR plays an important role in the cell autonomous defence responses to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pillich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Middleton AM, King JR, Loose M. Bistability in a model of mesoderm and anterior mesendoderm specification in Xenopus laevis. J Theor Biol 2009; 260:41-55. [PMID: 19490918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we develop a model of mesendoderm specification in Xenopus laevis based on an existing gene regulation network. The mesendoderm is a population of cells that may contribute to either the mesoderm or endoderm. The model that we develop encompasses the time evolution of transcription factor concentrations in a single cell and is shown to have stable steady states that correspond to mesoderm and anterior mesendodermal cell types, but not endoderm (except in cells where Goosecoid expression is inhibited). Both in vitro and in vivo versions of the model are developed and analysed, the former indicating how cell fate is determined in large part by the concentration of Activin administered to a cell, with the model results comparing favourably with current quantitative experimental data. A numerical investigation of the in vivo model suggests that cell fate is determined largely by a VegT and beta-Catenin pre-pattern, subsequently being reinforced by Nodal. We argue that this sensitivity of the model to a VegT and beta-Catenin pre-pattern indicates that a key VegT self-limiting mechanism (for which there is experimental evidence) is absent from the model. Furthermore, we find that the lack of a steady state corresponding to endoderm is entirely consistent with current in vivo data, and that the in vivo model corresponds to mesendoderm specification on the dorsal, but not the ventral, side of the embryo.
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Pfanz H, Aschan G, Langenfeld-Heyser R, Wittmann C, Loose M. Ecology and ecophysiology of tree stems: corticular and wood photosynthesis. Naturwissenschaften 2002; 89:147-62. [PMID: 12061398 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-002-0309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Below the outer peridermal or rhytidomal layers, most stems of woody plants possess greenish tissues. These chlorophyll-containing tissues (the chlorenchymes) within the stems are able to use the stem internal CO2 and the light penetrating the rhytidome to photoassimilate and produce sugars and starch. Although net photosynthetic uptake of CO2 is rarely found, stem internal re-fixation of CO2 in young twigs and branches may compensate for 60-90% of the potential respiratory carbon loss. Isolated chlorenchymal tissues reveal rather high rates of net photosynthesis (being up to 75% of the respective rates for leaf photosynthesis). Corticular photosynthesis is thus thought to be an effective mechanism for recapturing respiratory carbon dioxide before it diffuses out of the stem. Furthermore, chloroplasts of the proper wood or pith fraction also take part in stem internal photosynthesis. Although there has been no strong experimental evidence until now, we suggest that the oxygen evolved during wood or pith photosynthesis may play a decisive role in avoiding/reducing stem internal anaerobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pfanz
- Institut für Angewandte Botanik, Universität Essen, Germany.
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Loose M, Rosentritt M, Leibrock A, Behr M, Handel G. In vitro study of fracture strength and marginal adaptation of fibre-reinforced-composite versus all ceramic fixed partial dentures. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 1998; 6:55-62. [PMID: 9927920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In this in vitro study fracture strength and marginal adaptation of adhesive-fixed three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures made with two different fabrication modifications--with and without the retainer material "Single"--of the new fibreglass system Vectris/Targis and from the metal-free Al2O3-ceramic In-Ceram were examined. The quality of the marginal adaptation was characterised using SEM evaluation and dye penetration techniques. In-Ceram and Vectris/Targis with "Single" showed good marginal adaptation, both statistically significantly better than the modification without "Single". After thermal cycling and mechanical loading the fibreglass reinforced systems showed a significantly higher fracture strength than the In-Ceram.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loose
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Regensburg, Germany
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