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Pannetier P, Gölz L, Pissarreira Mendes Fagundes MT, Knörr S, Behnstedt L, Coordes S, Matthiessen P, Morthorst JE, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Holbech H, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT)-Part A: Merging of existing fish test guidelines. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024; 20:817-829. [PMID: 37483114 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among scientists and public authorities over the last 30 years, notably because of their wide use and the increasing evidence of detrimental effects on humans and the environment. However, test systems for the detection of potential EDCs as well as testing strategies still require optimization. Thus, the aim of the present project was the development of an integrated test protocol that merges the existing OECD test guidelines (TGs) 229 (fish short-term reproduction assay) and 234 (fish sexual development test) and implements thyroid-related endpoints for fish. The integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT) represents a comprehensive approach for fish testing, which covers reproduction, early development, and sexual differentiation, and will thus allow the identification of multiple endocrine-disruptive effects in fish. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, two exposure tests were performed with well-studied EDCs: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), an estrogen receptor agonist. In part A of this article, the effects of PTU and EE2 on established endpoints of the two existing TGs are reported, whereas part B focuses on the novel thyroid-related endpoints. Results of part A document that, as expected, both PTU and EE2 had strong effects on various endocrine-related endpoints in zebrafish and their offspring. Merging of TGs 229 and 234 proved feasible, and all established biomarkers and endpoints were responsive as expected, including reproductive and morphometric changes (PTU and EE2), vitellogenin levels, sex ratio, gonad maturation, and histopathology (only for EE2) of different life stages. A validation of the iFEDT with other well-known EDCs will allow verification of the sensitivity and usability and confirm its capacity to improve the existing testing strategy for EDCs in fish. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:817-829. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Site de Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Plouzané, France
| | - Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Knörr
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Coordes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jane E Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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