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Althammer F, Roy RK, Lefevre A, Najjar RS, Schoenig K, Bartsch D, Eliava M, Feresin RG, Hammock EA, Murphy AZ, Charlet A, Grinevich V, Stern JE. Altered PVN-to-CA2 hippocampal oxytocin pathway and reduced number of oxytocin-receptor expressing astrocytes in heart failure rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13166. [PMID: 35657290 PMCID: PMC9495289 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocinergic actions within the hippocampal CA2 are important for neuromodulation, memory processing and social recognition. However, the source of the OTergic innervation, the cellular targets expressing the OT receptors (OTRs) and whether the PVN-to-CA2 OTergic system is altered during heart failure (HF), a condition recently associated with cognitive and mood decline, remains unknown. Using immunohistochemistry along with retrograde monosynaptic tracing, RNAscope and a novel OTR-Cre rat line, we show that the PVN (but not the supraoptic nucleus) is an important source of OTergic innervation to the CA2. These OTergic fibers were found in many instances in close apposition to OTR expressing cells within the CA2. Interestingly, while only a small proportion of neurons were found to express OTRs (~15%), this expression was much more abundant in CA2 astrocytes (~40%), an even higher proportion that was recently reported for astrocytes in the central amygdala. Using an established ischemic rat heart failure (HF) model, we found that HF resulted in robust changes in the PVN-to-CA2 OTergic system, both at the source and target levels. Within the PVN, we found an increased OT immunoreactivity, along with a diminished OTR expression in PVN neurons. Within the CA2 of HF rats, we observed a blunted OTergic innervation, along with a diminished OTR expression, which appeared to be restricted to CA2 astrocytes. Taken together, our studies highlight astrocytes as key cellular targets mediating OTergic PVN inputs to the CA2 hippocampal region. Moreover, they provide the first evidence for an altered PVN-to-CA2 OTergic system in HF rats, which could potentially contribute to previously reported cognitive and mood impairments in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ranjan K. Roy
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur Lefevre
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Kai Schoenig
- Department of Molecular Biology Central Institute of Mental Health J5 68159 Mannheim Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology Central Institute of Mental Health J5 68159 Mannheim Germany
| | - Marina Eliava
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Elizabeth A.D. Hammock
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Anne Z. Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alexandre Charlet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author: Javier E. Stern, M.D. Ph.D., Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5030 United States, Tel: (1) 404-413-6678,
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Wirth S, Soumier A, Eliava M, Derdikman D, Wagner S, Grinevich V, Sirigu A. Territorial blueprint in the hippocampal system. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:831-842. [PMID: 34281765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As we skillfully navigate through familiar places, neural computations of distances and coordinates escape our attention. However, we perceive clearly the division of space into socially meaningful territories. 'My space' versus 'your space' is a distinction familiar to all of us. Spatial frontiers are social in nature since they regulate individuals' access to utilities in space depending on hierarchy and affiliation. How does the brain integrate spatial geometry with social territory? We propose that the action of oxytocin (OT) in the entorhinal-hippocampal regions supports this process. Grounded on the functional role of the hypothalamic neuropeptide in the hippocampal system, we show how OT-induced plasticity may bias the geometrical coding of place and grid cells to represent social territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Wirth
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS and University of Lyon, Etablissement 1, Bron, France.
| | - Amelie Soumier
- iMIND Center of Excellence for Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Marina Eliava
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dori Derdikman
- Neuroscience Department, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela Sirigu
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS and University of Lyon, Etablissement 1, Bron, France; iMIND Center of Excellence for Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France.
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Althammer F, Eliava M, Grinevich V. Central and peripheral release of oxytocin: Relevance of neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter actions for physiology and behavior. Handb Clin Neurol 2021; 180:25-44. [PMID: 34225933 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is critically involved in the modulation of socio-emotional behavior, sexual competence, and pain perception and anticipation. While intracellular signaling of OT and its receptor (OTR), as well as the functional connectivity of hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic OT projections, have been recently explored, it remains elusive how one single molecule has pleotropic effects from cell proliferation all the way to modulation of complex cognitive processes. Moreover, there are astonishing species-dependent differences in the way OT regulates various sensory modalities such as touch, olfaction, and vision, which can be explained by differences in OTR expression in brain regions processing sensory information. Recent research highlights a small subpopulation of OT-synthesizing cells, namely, parvocellular cells, which merely constitute 1% of the total number of OT cells but act as "master cells' that regulate the activity of the entire OT system. In this chapter, we summarize the latest advances in the field of OT research with a particular focus on differences between rodents, monkeys and humans and highlight the main differences between OT and its "sister" peptide arginine-vasopressin, which often exerts opposite effects on physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Marina Eliava
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Grund T, Goyon S, Li Y, Eliava M, Liu H, Charlet A, Grinevich V, Neumann ID. Neuropeptide S Activates Paraventricular Oxytocin Neurons to Induce Anxiolysis. J Neurosci 2017; 37:12214-12225. [PMID: 29118105 PMCID: PMC6596824 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2161-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide S (NPS) and oxytocin (OXT), represent potential options for the treatment of anxiety disorders due to their potent anxiolytic profile. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the behavioral action of NPS, and present a chain of evidence that the effects of NPS within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are mediated via actions on local OXT neurons in male Wistar rats. First, retrograde studies identified NPS fibers originating in the brainstem locus coeruleus, and projecting to the PVN. FACS identified prominent NPS receptor expression in PVN-OXT neurons. Using genetically encoded calcium indicators, we further demonstrated that NPS reliably induces a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a subpopulation of OXT neurons, an effect mediated by NPS receptor. In addition, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) NPS evoked a significant somatodendritic release of OXT within the PVN as assessed by microdialysis in combination with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay. Finally, we could show that the anxiolytic effect of NPS seen after i.c.v. or intra-PVN infusion requires responsive OXT neurons of the PVN and locally released OXT. Thus, pharmacological blockade of OXT receptors as well as chemogenetic silencing of OXT neurons within the PVN prevented the effect of synthetic NPS. In conclusion, our results indicate a significant role of the OXT system in mediating the effects of NPS on anxiety, and fill an important gap in our understanding of brain neuropeptide interactions in the context of regulation of emotional behavior within the hypothalamus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Given the rising scientific interest in neuropeptide research in the context of emotional and stress-related behaviors, our findings demonstrate a novel intrahypothalamic mechanism involving paraventricular oxytocin neurons that express the neuropeptide S receptor. These neurons respond with transient Ca2+ increase and somatodendritic oxytocin release following neuropeptide S stimulation. Thereby, oxytocin neurons seem essential for neuropeptide S-induced anxiolysis, as this effect was blocked by pharmacological and chemogenetic inhibition of the oxytocin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grund
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Goyon
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuting Li
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marina Eliava
- Division of Neuropeptides (V078), German Cancer Research Center, Central Institute of Mental Health, CellNetwork Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Haikun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexandre Charlet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Institute for Advanced Study, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Division of Neuropeptides (V078), German Cancer Research Center, Central Institute of Mental Health, CellNetwork Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany,
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Yilmazer-Hanke D, Eliava M, Hanke J, Schwegler H, Asan E. Density of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing fibers in the amygdala of roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Eliava M, Melchior M, Knobloch-Bollmann HS, Wahis J, da Silva Gouveia M, Tang Y, Ciobanu AC, Triana Del Rio R, Roth LC, Althammer F, Chavant V, Goumon Y, Gruber T, Petit-Demoulière N, Busnelli M, Chini B, Tan LL, Mitre M, Froemke RC, Chao MV, Giese G, Sprengel R, Kuner R, Poisbeau P, Seeburg PH, Stoop R, Charlet A, Grinevich V. A New Population of Parvocellular Oxytocin Neurons Controlling Magnocellular Neuron Activity and Inflammatory Pain Processing. Neuron 2016; 89:1291-1304. [PMID: 26948889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide elaborated by the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. Magnocellular OT neurons of these nuclei innervate numerous forebrain regions and release OT into the blood from the posterior pituitary. The PVN also harbors parvocellular OT cells that project to the brainstem and spinal cord, but their function has not been directly assessed. Here, we identified a subset of approximately 30 parvocellular OT neurons, with collateral projections onto magnocellular OT neurons and neurons of deep layers of the spinal cord. Evoked OT release from these OT neurons suppresses nociception and promotes analgesia in an animal model of inflammatory pain. Our findings identify a new population of OT neurons that modulates nociception in a two tier process: (1) directly by release of OT from axons onto sensory spinal cord neurons and inhibiting their activity and (2) indirectly by stimulating OT release from SON neurons into the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Eliava
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Meggane Melchior
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - H Sophie Knobloch-Bollmann
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jérôme Wahis
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Miriam da Silva Gouveia
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yan Tang
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Alexandru Cristian Ciobanu
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Hôpital de Cery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1008, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Triana Del Rio
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Hôpital de Cery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1008, Switzerland
| | - Lena C Roth
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Althammer
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Virginie Chavant
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Tim Gruber
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nathalie Petit-Demoulière
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Marta Busnelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Bice Chini
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan 20129, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Linette L Tan
- Department for Molecular Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit with European Molecular Biology Laboratories, Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mariela Mitre
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Günter Giese
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Department for Molecular Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit with European Molecular Biology Laboratories, Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Peter H Seeburg
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ron Stoop
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Hôpital de Cery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1008, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Charlet
- Institut of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), Mannheim 68159, Germany.
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Grinevich V, Knobloch-Bollmann HS, Eliava M, Busnelli M, Chini B. Assembling the Puzzle: Pathways of Oxytocin Signaling in the Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:155-64. [PMID: 26001309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide, which can be seen to be one of the molecules of the decade due to its profound prosocial effects in nonvertebrate and vertebrate species, including humans. Although OT can be detected in various physiological fluids (blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) and brain tissue, it is unclear whether peripheral and central OT releases match and synergize. Moreover, the pathways of OT delivery to brain regions involved in specific behaviors are far from clear. Here, we discuss the evolutionarily and ontogenetically determined pathways of OT delivery and OT signaling, which orchestrate activity of the mesolimbic social decision-making network. Furthermore, we speculate that both the alteration in OT delivery and OT receptor expression may cause behavioral abnormalities in patients afflicted with psychosocial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Grinevich
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - H Sophie Knobloch-Bollmann
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Eliava
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta Busnelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Bice Chini
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Melzer S, Michael M, Caputi A, Eliava M, Fuchs EC, Whittington MA, Monyer H. Long-range-projecting GABAergic neurons modulate inhibition in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Science 2012; 335:1506-10. [PMID: 22442486 DOI: 10.1126/science.1217139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex play a pivotal role in spatial learning and memory. The two forebrain regions are highly interconnected via excitatory pathways. Using optogenetic tools, we identified and characterized long-range γ-aminobutyric acid-releasing (GABAergic) neurons that provide a bidirectional hippocampal-entorhinal inhibitory connectivity and preferentially target GABAergic interneurons. Activation of long-range GABAergic axons enhances sub- and suprathreshold rhythmic theta activity of postsynaptic neurons in the target areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Melzer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Knobloch H, Charlet A, Hoffmann L, Eliava M, Khrulev S, Cetin A, Osten P, Schwarz M, Seeburg P, Stoop R, Grinevich V. Evoked Axonal Oxytocin Release in the Central Amygdala Attenuates Fear Response. Neuron 2012; 73:553-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Le Magueresse C, Alfonso J, Bark C, Eliava M, Khrulev S, Monyer H. Subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts use vasculature as a scaffold to migrate radially to the cortex in neonatal mice. Cereb Cortex 2011; 22:2285-96. [PMID: 22095212 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons continue to be generated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) throughout postnatal development and adulthood in rodents. Whereas in adults, virtually all neuroblasts migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream (RMS), in neonates, a substantial fraction migrate radially through the corpus callosum (CC) to the cortex. Mechanisms of radial cortical migration have remained unknown. We investigated this by taking recourse to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled neuroblasts in the CC and deep cortical layers of neonatal mice and found that they are frequently located adjacent to vasculature. Using time-lapse 2-photon microscopy in acute brain slices, we demonstrate that EGFP-labeled neuroblasts migrate along blood vessels. Although in close proximity to blood vessels, migrating neuroblasts are separated from endothelial cells by 1-2 layers of astrocytic processes, as revealed by electron microscopal studies of retrovirally labeled postnatally born cells. We propose that 2 factors could contribute to the decline of radial migration to the cortex during postnatal development, namely the establishment of a glial sheath delineating the RMS and a gradual decrease in the density of blood vessels in the CC. Together, our data provide evidence for a new mode of radial cortical migration of SVZ-generated neurons involving vasculature and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Le Magueresse
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Heidelberg University Medical Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Helbig I, Sammler E, Eliava M, Bolshakov AP, Rozov A, Bruzzone R, Monyer H, Hormuzdi SG. In vivo evidence for the involvement of the carboxy terminal domain in assembling connexin 36 at the electrical synapse. Mol Cell Neurosci 2010; 45:47-58. [PMID: 20510366 PMCID: PMC3025355 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 36 (Cx36)-containing electrical synapses contribute to the timing and amplitude of neural responses in many brain regions. A Cx36-EGFP transgenic was previously generated to facilitate their identification and study. In this study we demonstrate that electrical coupling is normal in transgenic mice expressing Cx36 from the genomic locus and suggest that fluorescent puncta present in brain tissue represent distributed electrical synapses. These qualities emphasize the usefulness of the Cx36-EGFP reporter as a tool for the detailed anatomical characterization of electrical synapses in fixed and living tissue. However, though the fusion protein is able to form gap junctions between Xenopus laevis oocytes it is unable to restore electrical coupling to interneurons in the Cx36-deficient mouse. Further experiments in transgenic tissue and non-neural cell lines reveal impaired transport to the plasma membrane as the possible cause. By analyzing the functional deficits exhibited by the fusion protein in vivo and in vitro, we identify a motif within Cx36 that may interact with other trafficking or scaffold proteins and thereby be responsible for its incorporation into electrical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Schwanenweg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Esther Sammler
- Centre for Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Marina Eliava
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexey P. Bolshakov
- Centre for Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Centre for Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, 1/F, Dexter HC Man Building, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sheriar Gustad Hormuzdi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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Grinevich V, Kolleker A, Eliava M, Takada N, Takuma H, Fukazawa Y, Shigemoto R, Kuhl D, Waters J, Seeburg PH, Osten P. Fluorescent Arc/Arg3.1 indicator mice: a versatile tool to study brain activity changes in vitro and in vivo. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 184:25-36. [PMID: 19628007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The brain-specific immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 is induced in response to a variety of stimuli, including sensory and behavior-linked neural activity. Here we report the generation of transgenic mice, termed TgArc/Arg3.1-d4EGFP, expressing a 4-h half-life form of enhanced green fluorescent protein (d4EGFP) under the control of the Arc/Arg3.1 promoter. We show that d4EGFP-mediated fluorescence faithfully reports Arc/Arg3.1 induction in response to physiological, pathological and pharmacological stimuli, and that this fluorescence permits electrical recording from activated neurons in the live mouse. Moreover, the fluorescent Arc/Arg3.1 indicator revealed activity changes in circumscribed brain areas in distinct modes of stress and in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. These findings identify the TgArc/Arg3.1-d4EGFP mouse as a versatile tool to monitor Arc/Arg3.1 induction in neural circuits, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Grinevich
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Stereotaxic surgery has been an invaluable tool in systems neuroscience, applied in many experiments for the creation of site-targeted lesions, injection of anatomical tracers or implantation of electrodes or microdialysis probes. In this protocol, we describe stereotaxic surgery optimized for gene delivery by recombinant adeno-associated viruses and lentiviruses in mice and rats. This method allows the manipulation of gene expression in the rodent brain with excellent spatiotemporal control; essentially any brain region of choice can be targeted and cells (or a subpopulation of cells) in that region can be stably genetically altered at any postnatal developmental stage up to adulthood. Many aspects of the method, its versatility, ease of application and high reproducibility, make it an attractive approach for studying genetic, cellular and circuit functions in the brain. The entire protocol can be completed in 1-2 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cetin
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter that modulates cortical functions. In addition to basal forebrain neurons that give rise to the principal cholinergic input into the cortex, a second source constituted by intrinsic cholinergic interneurons has been identified. Although these cells have been characterized anatomically, little is known about their functional role in cortical microcircuits. The paucity of this cell population has been a major hindrance for detailed electrophysiological investigations. To facilitate functional studies, we generated transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons. Aided by the transgene expression, the characterization of distinct cholinergic interneurons was possible. These cells were located in layer 2-3, had a bipolar morphology, were calretinin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide positive, but had a non-GABAergic phenotype. Paired recordings showed that EGFP/ChAT-positive neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory input from adjacent principal cells and various types of interneurons. However, EGFP/ChAT-positive neurons do not exert direct postsynaptic responses in neighboring neurons. Interestingly, prolonged activation of EGFP-labeled cholinergic neurons induces an increase in spontaneous EPSCs in adjacent pyramidal neurons. This indirect effect is mediated by nicotinic receptors that are presumably presynaptically localized. Thus, intrinsic bipolar cholinergic neurons can modulate cortical function locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Engelhardt
- Department Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Eliava
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Axel H. Meyer
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott GmbH and Company KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Department Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Asan E, Yilmazer-Hanke DM, Eliava M, Hantsch M, Lesch KP, Schmitt A. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-system and monoaminergic afferents in the central amygdala: investigations in different mouse strains and comparison with the rat. Neuroscience 2005; 131:953-67. [PMID: 15749348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing-factor (CRF) containing systems and monoaminergic afferents of the central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce) are crucial players in central nervous stress responses. For functional analyses of specific roles of these systems, numerous mouse models have been generated which lack or overexpress individual signal transduction components. Since data concerning system morphologies in murine brain are rarely available, mouse studies are usually designed and interpreted based on previous findings in rats, although interspecies differences are frequent. In the present study, in situ hybridization for CRF mRNA and correlative immunocytochemistry for CRF and monoaminergic afferents revealed numerous CRF mRNA-reactive neurons in the lateral Ce subnucleus (CeL) codistributed with dense dopaminergic fiber plexus in mice as has been demonstrated in rats. However, while in rats the lateral capsular Ce (CeLc) displays only scarce CRF immunoreactive (CRF-ir) innervation, particularly dense CRF-ir fiber plexus were observed in the CeLc in mice, with differences in labeling densities between different strains. CRF-ir terminal fibers overlap with the moderate serotonergic innervation of this subnucleus in mice. Additionally, CRF mRNA-reactive neurons were found immediately dorsal to the amygdala in the region of the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure/amygdalostriatal transition area in both species. In mice, this region displayed dense CRF-ir fiber plexus, with variations between the strains. The results indicate that in mice and rats dopaminergic afferents represent the primary monoaminergic input to the CRF neurons in the CeL. In mice only, CRF-ir afferents provide dense innervation of CeLc neurons. Since the CeLc lacks dopaminergic input in both species but possesses moderate serotonergic afferents, CRF/serotonin interactions may occur selectively in mouse CeLc. The observed interspecies and interstrain differences in CRF input and CRF/monoaminergic interactions may influence the interpretation of findings concerning Ce functions in stress and fear in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Asan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Eigenthaler M, Engelhardt S, Schinke B, Kobsar A, Schmitteckert E, Gambaryan S, Engelhardt CM, Krenn V, Eliava M, Jarchau T, Lohse MJ, Walter U, Hein L. Disruption of cardiac Ena-VASP protein localization in intercalated disks causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H2471-81. [PMID: 12933343 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00362.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and mammalian enabled (Mena) are actin cytoskeleton and signaling modulators. Ena-VASP proteins share an identical domain organization with an NH2-terminal Ena VASP homology (EVH1) domain, which mediates the binding of these proteins to FPPPP-motif containing partners such as zyxin and vinculin. VASP and Mena are abundantly expressed in the heart. However, previous studies showed that disruption by gene targeting of VASP or Mena genes in mice did not reveal any cardiac phenotype, whereas mice lacking both VASP and Mena died during embryonic development. To determine the in vivo function of Ena-VASP proteins in the heart, we used a dominant negative strategy with cardiac-specific expression of the VASP-EVH1 domain. Transgenic mice with cardiac myocyte-restricted, alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter-directed expression of the VASP-EVH1 domain were generated. Overexpression of the EVH1 domain resulted in specific displacement of both VASP and Mena from cardiac intercalated disks. VASP-EVH1 transgenic mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy with myocyte hypertrophy and bradycardia, which resulted in early postnatal lethality in mice with high levels of transgene expression. The results demonstrate that Ena-VASP proteins may play an important role in intercalated disk function at the interface between cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eigenthaler
- Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
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Eliava M, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Asan E. Interrelations between monoaminergic afferents and corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons in the rat central amygdaloid nucleus: ultrastructural evidence for dopaminergic control of amygdaloid stress systems. Histochem Cell Biol 2003; 120:183-97. [PMID: 12910346 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-003-0557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence implicates corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-producing neurons of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) in vegetative, endocrine, and behavioral responses to stress and anxiety in laboratory rats. Monoaminergic systems are involved in modulating these responses. In the present paper, interrelations between CRF-immunoreactive (ir) neurons, and noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic afferents were studied using single and double immunolabeling for light and electron microscopy in the rat CeA. Dopaminergic axons formed dense plexus in the CeA overlapping with the localization of CRF-ir neurons, and their terminals formed frequent associations with CRF-ir somata. Contacts of serotonergic axons on CRF-ir neurons were few, and contacts of noradrenergic axons were the exception. Ultrastructurally, symmetric synapses of dopaminergic terminals on CRF-ir somata and dendrites were found. More than 83% of CRF-ir somata were contacted in single ultrathin sections. About half of these possessed two or more contacts. Of non-ir somata, 37% were contacted by dopaminergic terminals, and only 13% of these had two or more contacts. Correlative in situ hybridization indicated that CeA CRF-ir neurons may express receptor subtype dopamine receptor subtype 2. In conclusion, dopaminergic afferents appear to specifically target CeA CRF neurons. They are thus in a position to exert significant influence on the rat amygdaloid CRF stress system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Eliava
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
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