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Wu YSS, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Hornik CP, Gerhart JG, Autmizguine J, Cobbaert M, Gonzalez D. External Evaluation of Two Pediatric Population Pharmacokinetics Models of Oral Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0214920. [PMID: 33903114 PMCID: PMC8407045 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02149-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic combination trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) has a broad spectrum of activity and is used for the treatment of numerous infections, but pediatric pharmacokinetic (PK) data are limited. We previously published population PK (popPK) models of oral TMP-SMX in pediatric patients based on sparse opportunistically collected data (POPS study) (J. Autmizguine, C. Melloni, C. P. Hornik, S. Dallefeld, et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62:e01813-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01813-17). We performed a separate PK study of oral TMP-SMX in infants and children with more-traditional PK sample collection and independently developed new popPK models of TMP-SMX using this external data set. The POPS data set and the external data set were each used to evaluate both popPK models. The external TMP model had a model and error structure identical to those of the POPS TMP model, with typical values for PK parameters within 20%. The external SMX model did not identify the covariates in the POPS SMX model as significant. The external popPK models predicted higher exposures to TMP (median overprediction of 0.13 mg/liter for the POPS data set and 0.061 mg/liter for the external data set) and SMX (median overprediction of 1.7 mg/liter and 0.90 mg/liter) than the POPS TMP (median underprediction of 0.016 mg/liter and 0.39 mg/liter) and SMX (median underprediction of 1.2 mg/liter and 14 mg/liter) models. Nonetheless, both models supported TMP-SMX dose increases in infants and young children for resistant pathogens with a MIC of 1 mg/liter, although the required dose increase based on the external model was lower. (The POPS and external studies have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01431326 and NCT02475876, respectively.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuan S. Wu
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christoph P. Hornik
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline G. Gerhart
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Autmizguine
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Zimmerman KO, Spears TG, Cobbaert M, Boakye-Agyeman F, Wu H, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Watt KM, Benjamin DK, Becker ML, Traube C, Smith PB. Use of Electronic Health Records to Identify Exposure-Response Relationships in Critically Ill Children: An Example of Midazolam and Delirium. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2021; 11:300-307. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAdverse drug events are common in critically ill children and often result from systemic or target organ drug exposure. Methods of drug dosing and titration that consider pharmacokinetic alterations may improve our ability to optimally dose critically ill patients and reduce the risk for drug-related adverse events. To demonstrate this possibility, we explored the exposure-response relationship between midazolam and delirium in critically ill children. We retrospectively examined electronic health records (EHRs) of critically ill children <18 years of age hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit at Duke University; these children were administered midazolam during mechanical ventilation and had ≥1 Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) score. We used individual-level data extracted from the EHR and a previously published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model developed in critically ill children to simulate plasma concentrations at the time of CAPD scores in 1,000 representative datasets. We used multilevel repeated measures models, with clustering at patient and simulation levels, to evaluate the associations between measures of drug exposure (e.g., concentration and area under concentration time curve) and delirium scores. We included 61 children, median age 1.5 years (range = 0.1–16.3), with 181 CAPD assessments. We identified similarities between simulated Empirical Bayesian parameter estimates from the EHR cohort and those from the PK model population. We identified a stronger association between drug concentration at the time of score and CAPD scores (coefficient 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.66–1.90) compared with cumulative dose per kilogram and CAPD scores (coefficient −0.01; 95% confidence interval: −0.01 to −0.01). EHR and PK models can be leveraged to investigate exposure-response relationships in critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanecia O. Zimmerman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Tracy G. Spears
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Felix Boakye-Agyeman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Huali Wu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kevin M. Watt
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Daniel K. Benjamin
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mara L. Becker
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Chani Traube
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, United States
| | - P. Brian Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Li Y, Emmett CD, Cobbaert M, Sanders DB, Juel VC, Hobson-Webb LD, Massey JM, Gable KL, Raja SM, Gonzalez NL, Guptill JT. Knowledge and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2020; 63:357-364. [PMID: 33280141 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may be particularly vulnerable during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic due to risk of worsening disease during infection, potential adverse impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments on neuromuscular transmission, and a limited ability to fight off infection related to immunosuppressive treatments. Our goal is to understand how patients are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, including where they receive relevant information, how it has affected medical care, and what measures they use to protect themselves. METHODS This is a prospective online survey study at large academic practice. All patients with a neuromuscular junction disorder diagnosis code in the Duke Health System were invited to participate. RESULTS One thousand eight hundred and forty eight patients were approached to participate and 75 completed the survey between 16 April 2020 and 28 May 2020. The most frequently used information sources were non-presidential federal government (75%), state government (57%), local healthcare provider (37%), and television news (36%). Non-presidential federal government (80%), local healthcare providers (55%), state government (33%), and patient support organizations (29%) were considered the most trusted information sources. Thirty-three (44%) of survey responders had attended a telemedicine visit. Patients were taking recommended precautions during the pandemic and remained very concerned (69%) about COVID-19. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores were moderate-severe in 20% of responders. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers, the government, and patient organizations play a critical role in communicating with the MG patient community. Use of targeted messaging strategies by these groups to convey accurate information may increase effectiveness and lead to more informed patients with reduced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Li
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Douglas Emmett
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald B Sanders
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vern C Juel
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa D Hobson-Webb
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janice M Massey
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karissa L Gable
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shruti M Raja
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia L Gonzalez
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Guptill
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Thompson EJ, Wu H, Maharaj A, Edginton AN, Balevic SJ, Cobbaert M, Cunningham AP, Hornik CP, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole in Children. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:887-898. [PMID: 30840200 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-00733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether opportunistically collected data can be used to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in pediatric patients; and (2) characterize age-related maturational changes in drug disposition for the renally eliminated and hepatically metabolized antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX). METHODS We developed separate population PBPK models for TMP and SMX in children after oral administration of the combined TMP-SMX product and used sparse and opportunistically collected plasma concentration samples to validate our pediatric model. We evaluated predictability of the pediatric PBPK model based on the number of observed pediatric data out of the 90% prediction interval. We performed dosing simulations to target organ and tissue (skin) concentrations greater than the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) minimum inhibitory concentration (TMP 2 mg/L; SMX 9.5 mg/L) for at least 50% of the dosing interval. RESULTS We found 67-87% and 71-91% of the observed data for TMP and SMX, respectively, were captured within the 90% prediction interval across five age groups, suggesting adequate fit of our model. Our model-rederived optimal dosing of TMP at the target tissue was in the range of recommended dosing for TMP-SMX in children in all age groups by current guidelines for the treatment of MRSA. CONCLUSION We successfully developed a pediatric PBPK model of the combination antibiotic TMP-SMX using sparse and opportunistic pediatric pharmacokinetic samples. This novel and efficient approach has the potential to expand the use of PBPK modeling in pediatric drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huali Wu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Anil Maharaj
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Andrea N Edginton
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Stephen J Balevic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Anthony P Cunningham
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 800, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
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Kindratt T, Callender L, Cobbaert M, Wondrack J, Bandiera F, Salvo D. Health information technology use and influenza vaccine uptake among US adults. Int J Med Inform 2019; 129:37-42. [PMID: 31445279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the association between health information technology (HIT) use and influenza vaccine uptake among US adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data analysis was conducted using 2011-2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) adult data (n = 169,912). HIT use was defined as having used computers (past 12 months) to seek health information, fill prescriptions, schedule appointments, communicate with health providers via email, and/or use online health chat groups. Crude and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of influenza vaccine uptake among HIT users versus non-users. Interactions were tested and stratified results were reported. RESULTS Among US adults, 39.8% received an influenza vaccine in the past 12 months, while 48.6% reported any HIT use. After adjusting for covariates, any HIT users had 1.23 times greater odds (95% CI = 1.19, 1.27) of influenza vaccine uptake relative to non-HIT users. HIT use for looking up health information on the internet (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.23), filling prescriptions (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.50, 1.66), scheduling appointments (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.50, 1.66), and communicating with providers via email (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.44, 1.59) were significantly associated with influenza vaccine uptake. DISCUSSION HIT use is positively associated with influenza vaccine uptake. Each category of HIT use was independently associated with influenza vaccine uptake. To our knowledge, no other studies have evaluated the relationship between HIT use and influenza vaccine uptake. Our results are exploratory and represent an association, not a causal relationship. Longitudinal, confirmatory studies are also needed to verify our cross-sectional findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Kindratt
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, School of Health Professions, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Librada Callender
- Baylor Research Institute, Baylor Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Pharmacometrics Small Trials Program, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Wondrack
- UT Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Frank Bandiera
- UT Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Tang M, Blake KV, Lima JJ, Mougey EB, Franciosi J, Schmidt S, Hossain MJ, Cobbaert M, Fischer BM, Lang JE. Genotype tailored treatment of mild symptomatic acid reflux in children with uncontrolled asthma (GenARA): Rationale and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 78:27-33. [PMID: 30659924 PMCID: PMC7039713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma causes enormous suffering and cost for children in the US and around the world [1-3]. Co-morbid gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) makes asthma management more difficult due to increased symptoms. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are effective at improving to GERD symptoms, however they have demonstrated only modest and variable effects on asthma control in the setting of co-morbid GERD. Importantly, PPI metabolism and efficacy depend on CYP2C19 genotype. The Genotype Tailored Treatment of Symptomatic Acid Reflux in Children with Uncontrolled Asthma (GenARA) study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine if genotype-tailored PPI dosing improves asthma symptoms among children with inadequately controlled asthma and GERD symptoms. This study has an innovative design to both assess the efficacy of genotype-tailored PPI dosing and perform pharmacokinetic modeling of the oral PPI Lansoprazole. Children ages 6-17 years old with clinician-diagnosed asthma and mild GERD symptoms will submit a saliva sample for CYP2C19 genotyping. Participants will undergo a two-step randomization to: (1) genotype-tailored versus conventional dosing of open-label oral lansoprazole for pharmacokinetic modeling, and (2) genotype-tailored lansoprazole daily versus placebo for 24 weeks to determine the effect of genotype-tailored PPI dosing on asthma control. Measures of asthma control, spirometry, and nasal washes during acute illnesses will be collected at 8-week intervals throughout the study. GenARA will better define the effects of CYP2C19 genotype on the dose response of lansoprazole in children and adolescents and assess if a novel dosing regimen improves GERD and asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tang
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn V Blake
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - John J Lima
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Edward B Mougey
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - James Franciosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Md Jobayer Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Marjan Cobbaert
- Department of Pharmacometrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bernard M Fischer
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jason E Lang
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Durham, NC, United States.
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