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Harty PS, Stratton MT, Escalante G, Rodriguez C, Dellinger JR, Williams AD, White SJ, Smith RW, Johnson BA, Sanders MB, Tinsley GM. Correction to: Effects of Bang® Keto Coffee Energy Drink on Metabolism and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:48. [PMID: 32928230 PMCID: PMC7491167 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Harty
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Matthew T Stratton
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | | | - Christian Rodriguez
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Jacob R Dellinger
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Abegale D Williams
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Sarah J White
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Robert W Smith
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Baylor A Johnson
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Mark B Sanders
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA.
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Harty PS, Stratton MT, Escalante G, Rodriguez C, Dellinger JR, Williams AD, White SJ, Smith RW, Johnson BA, Sanders MB, Tinsley GM. Effects of Bang® Keto Coffee Energy Drink on Metabolism and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:45. [PMID: 32831109 PMCID: PMC7446127 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks are often consumed by the general population, as well as by active individuals seeking to enhance exercise performance and augment training adaptations. However, limited information is available regarding the efficacy of these products. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a commercially available caffeine- and protein-containing energy drink on metabolism and muscular performance. METHODS Sixteen resistance-trained males (n = 8; mean ± SD; age: 22.4 ± 4.9 years; body mass: 78.8 ± 14.0 kg; body fat: 15.3 ± 6.4%) and females (n = 8; age: 24.5 ± 4.8 years; body mass: 67.5 ± 11.9 kg; body fat: 26.6 ± 7.1%) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Following a familiarization visit, participants completed two identical visits to the laboratory separated by 5-10 days, each of which consisted of indirect calorimetry energy expenditure (EE) assessments before and after consumption of the beverage (Bang® Keto Coffee; 130 kcal, 300 mg caffeine, 20 g protein) or placebo (30 kcal, 11 mg caffeine, 1 g protein) as well as after exercise testing. In addition, participants' subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, and focus as well as muscular performance (leg press one-repetition maximum and repetitions to fatigue, maximal isometric and isokinetic squat testing) were assessed. Multiple repeated measures ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze data. Estimates of effect size were quantified via partial eta squared (ηP2) and Hedge's g. RESULTS A significant interaction effect was identified for EE (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.52) but not respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.17, ηP2 = 0.11). Following consumption of the beverage, EE was 0.18 [corrected] kcal·min- 1 greater than placebo at the post-beverage time point (p < 0.001) and 0.08 [corrected] kcal·min- 1 greater than placebo at the post-exercise time point (p = 0.011). However, no between-condition differences were detected for any subjective or muscular performance outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that consumption of the energy drink had minimal effects on lower-body muscular performance and subjective factors in the context of a laboratory setting. However, the beverage was found to significantly increase energy expenditure compared to placebo immediately following ingestion as well as during the recovery period after an exercise bout, suggesting that active individuals may improve acute metabolic outcomes via consumption of a caffeine- and protein-containing energy drink. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04180787 ; Registered 29 November 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Harty
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Matthew T Stratton
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | | | - Christian Rodriguez
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Jacob R Dellinger
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Abegale D Williams
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Sarah J White
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Robert W Smith
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Baylor A Johnson
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Mark B Sanders
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA.
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Sanders MB, Krizan JW, Plumb KW, McQueen TM, Cava RJ. NaSrMn 2F 7, NaCaFe 2F 7, and NaSrFe 2F 7: novel single crystal pyrochlore antiferromagnets. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:045801. [PMID: 27875333 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/4/045801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures and magnetic properties of three previously unreported A2B2F7 pyrochlore materials, NaSrMn2F7, NaCaFe2F7, and NaSrFe2F7 are presented. In these compounds, either S = 2Fe2+ or S = 5/2Mn2+ is on the B site, while nonmagnetic Na and Ca (Na and Sr) are disordered on the A site. The materials, which were grown as crystals via the floating zone method, display high effective magnetic moments and large Curie-Weiss thetas. Despite these characteristics, no ordering transition is detected. However, freezing of the magnetic spins, characterized by peaks in the susceptibility or specific heat, is observed at very low temperatures. The empirical frustration index, f = -θ CW/T f, for the materials are 36 (NaSrMn2F7), 27 (NaSrFe2F7), and 19 (NaCaFe2F7). AC susceptibility, DC susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements are used to characterize the observed spin glass behavior. The results suggest that the compounds are frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnets with weak bond disorder. The magnetic phenomena that these fluoride pyrochlores exhibit, in addition to their availability as relatively large single crystals, make them promising candidates for the study of geometric magnetic frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Holth TF, Eidsvoll DP, Farmen E, Sanders MB, Martínez-Gómez C, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Guilhermino L, Hylland K. Effects of water accommodated fractions of crude oils and diesel on a suite of biomarkers in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquat Toxicol 2014; 154:240-252. [PMID: 24929352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize concentration- and time-dependent responses in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following exposure for one and three weeks to the water-soluble fraction (WAF) of three weathered oils: Arabian Light crude oil (ALC), North Sea crude oil (NSC) and ship-diesel. The sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water was highest after one week of exposure and within environmentally relevant concentrations. PAH metabolites in bile confirmed exposure to and uptake of PAHs. Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression (mRNA quantification) increased dramatically following exposure to all three oil types (fold-change up to 165) and there was a time lag between gene and protein expression. Hepatic CYP1A protein concentration and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were more variable among individuals and treatments than gene expression. EROD activity in liver and gills increased in fish exposed to WAF from the two crude oils, but not in fish exposed to WAF from diesel. Exposure to diesel appeared to induce oxidative stress to a greater extent than exposure to crude oils. Other biomarkers (glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholine esterase, vitellogenin) did not appear to respond to the exposure and hence did not discriminate among oils. Biomarker responses in cod after exposure to weathered crude oils and diesel suggested that the CYP1A system and oxidative stress markers have the highest potential for discriminating among different oil types and to monitor the environmental consequences of spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Holth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - D P Eidsvoll
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Farmen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadaléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - M B Sanders
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Varadero 1, Spain
| | - H Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC/LPTC (UMR 5805 CNRS), 351 crs de la Libération, Talence, France
| | - T Burgeot
- IFREMER, Unit of Research in Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Rue de I'lle d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - L Guilhermino
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology & ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Nielen MWF, Bovee TFH, Heskamp HH, Lasaroms JJP, Sanders MB, Van Rhijn JA, Groot MJ, Hoogenboom LAP. Screening for estrogen residues in calf urine: Comparison of a validated yeast estrogen bioassay and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1123-31. [PMID: 17071514 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600743797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the European Union, the control for residues of illegal hormones in food-producing animals is based on urine analysis for a few target analytes using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and/or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Recently, we developed a robust yeast bioassay screening tool for estrogens, which was validated as a qualitative screening method in accordance with EC decision 2002/657/EC. In this study, we present long-term performance data and a comparison of urine data obtained with this bioassay, and data from an established gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) confirmatory analysis method. More than 120 calf urine samples from a controlled reference experiment were analysed using both protocols. According to the GC/MS/MS method, only the natural estrogens 17alpha-estradiol and estrone were present in the non-compliant samples. The bioassay was less sensitive than GC/MS/MS for the relatively weak estrogenic compound 17alpha-estradiol, in accordance with expectations. Assuming that application of the mass spectrometric method is considered beyond reasonable doubt, the bioassay performed very well: only 5.6% of the calf urine samples found compliant in GC/MS/MS were screened false suspect in the bioassay screening method. The bioassay results of non-compliant urine samples under routine conditions were as predicted, taking into account the relative estrogenicity of the natural estrogens 17alpha-estradiol and estrone vs. 17beta-estradiol. Only one sample was screened false negative for 17alpha-estradiol and estrone. Application of this fast and simple estrogen bioassay in routine surveillance and control can significantly reduce GC/MS/MS sample workload and allow higher percentages of animals to be screened for potential hormone abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W F Nielen
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Higbie AD, Bidner TD, Matthews JO, Southern LL, Page TG, Persica MA, Sanders MB, Monlezun CJ. Prediction of swine carcass composition by total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC). J Anim Sci 2002; 80:113-22. [PMID: 11831507 DOI: 10.2527/2002.801113x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine prediction equations that used readings for total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) in the model for estimation of total fat-free lean and total fat weight in the pork carcass. Ultrasound measurements of live hogs were used to select 32 gilts that represented a range in weight, muscling, and fatness. The TOBEC readings were recorded on warm carcass sides, chilled carcass sides, and the untrimmed ham from the left carcass side. Physical dissection and chemical analyses determined fat-free lean and fat weight of the carcass. All of the ham tissues were analyzed separately from the remainder of the carcass tissues to incorporate ham measurements for prediction of total fat-free lean and total fat weight in the entire carcass. Prediction equations were developed using stepwise regression procedures. An equation that used a warm carcass TOBEC reading in the model was determined to be the best warm TOBEC equation (R2 = 0.91; root mean square error = 0.81). A three-variable equation that used chilled carcass TOBEC reading, chilled carcass temperature, and carcass length in the model was determined to be the best chilled TOBEC equation (R2 = 0.93; root mean square error = 0.73). A four-variable equation that included chilled carcass side weight, untrimmed ham TOBEC reading, ham temperature, and fat thickness beneath the butt face of the ham in the model was determined to be the best equation overall (R2 = 0.95; root mean square error = 0.65). The TOBEC and the fat-free lean weight of the ham are excellent predictors of total carcass fat-free lean weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Higbie
- Department of Animal Science, Statistics, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Murtagh FR, Sanders MB. Precipitation of water-soluble contrast material (Gastrografin) in the stomach in a case of outlet obstruction. Radiology 1978; 126:386. [PMID: 622487 DOI: 10.1148/126.2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation of water-soluble contrast material (Gastrografin) within the fundus of a man with gastric outlet obstruction is discussed. Precipitation can occur in a stomach with increased acidity; the resultant precipitate possibly causes mucosal irritation, erosion, and bleeding.
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