1
|
Cliburn KD, Kemp PM, Huestis MA, Wagner JR, Payton M, Liu L, Liang Y, Maxwell LK. Time- and temperature-dependent postmortem ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentration changes in rabbits following controlled inhaled cannabis administration. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:850-857. [PMID: 37758448 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ostmortem redistribution (PMR), a well-known phenomenon in forensic toxicology, can result in substantial changes in drug concentrations after death, depending on the chemical characteristics of the drug, blood collection site, storage conditions of the body and postmortem interval (PMI). Limited PMR data are available for ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component in Cannabis sativa. PMR was evaluated after controlled cannabis inhalation via a smoking machine and exposure chamber in New Zealand white rabbits. Necropsies were performed on five control rabbits immediately after euthanasia, whereas 27 others were stored at room temperature (21°C) or refrigerated conditions (4°C) until necropsy at 2, 6, 16, 24 or 36 h after death. THC and its Phase I and glucuronidated Phase II metabolites were quantified in blood, vitreous humor, urine, bile and tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Under refrigerated temperature, heart blood THC concentrations significantly increased at PMI 2 h in rabbits, whereas peripheral blood THC concentrations showed a significant increase at PMI 16 h. Central:peripheral blood and liver:peripheral blood ratios for THC ranged from 0.13 to 4.1 and 0.28 to 8.9, respectively. Lung revealed the highest THC concentrations, while brain and liver exhibited the most stable THC concentrations over time. This report contributes much needed data to our understanding of postmortem THC behavior and can aid toxicologists in the interpretation of THC concentrations in medicolegal death investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacey D Cliburn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 205 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Toxicology Laboratory, 921 NE 23rd St, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, United States
| | - Philip M Kemp
- Randall University, Biology Department, 3701 S I-35 Service Rd, Moore, OK 73160, United States
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 W. 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 W. 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States
- Institute for Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 683 Shore Road, Severna, MD 21146, United States
| | - Jarrad R Wagner
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 W. 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 205 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Yurong Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 205 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Lara K Maxwell
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 205 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Twardowski DA, Montemayor J, Payton M, Waller J. Impact of the USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX Level 1 transition to Pass/Fail on osteopathic medical student stress levels and board preparation. J Osteopath Med 2023; 123:563-569. [PMID: 37665166 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Exam (COMLEX) Level 1 transitioned from a numeric scoring system to a Pass/Fail designation in 2022. This transition intended to decrease stress, improve medical student well-being, and encourage residency program directors to emphasize other aspects of residency applications. Pass/Fail score transitions in the undergraduate medical education curriculum have improved medical student psychological well-being and satisfaction; whether these same benefits translate to the board examination period is unknown. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to assess the impact of USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX Level 1 grade scale transition on medical student stress, wellness, board preparation decisions, and future residency selection processes. Investigators hypothesized that students under the Pass/Fail designation would experience less stress during the intensive study period leading up to USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX Level 1 and devote more time to other aspects of their residency applications. METHODS To examine the impact on osteopathic medical student (OMS) stress and approach to board preparation, two surveys were administered to Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine (RVU-COM) students before (Class of 2023) and after (Class of 2024) the transition to a Pass/Fail designation. All students within the RVU-COM Classes of 2023 and 2024 were invited to participate. The Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was administered at the beginning of the focused board study period in May 2021 and 2022 to the Class of 2023 and 2024, respectively. The investigator-designed Licensing Exam Questionnaire (LEQ), meant to capture board preparation patterns, residency application perspectives, and wellness during examination preparation, was administered immediately after the board examination deadline in July 2021 and 2022 to the Class of 2023 and 2024, respectively. Statistical analysis included the use of independent t tests (numeric variables) and chi-square tests (categorical data). This project was considered exempt from full Institutional Review Board review. RESULTS Approximately one-third of the Class of 2023 (PSS-10: n=86; LEQ: n=93) and 2024 (PSS-10=89; LEQ: n=92) responded. No difference was detected in mean PSS-10 score, 20.14 (SD=7.3) compared to 19.92 (SD=6.56) for the Class of 2023 and 2024 (p=0.84), respectively. The Class of 2023 reported more weeks studying (mean 6.27 weeks, SD=0.79) vs. the Class of 2024 (mean 5.44 weeks, SD=0.007), p<0.001, more practice examinations taken X 2 (1, n=182)=13.75, p<0.001, and a greater proportion scheduled examinations after June 20 X 2 (1, n=182)=29.01, p<0.001. No difference existed in hours studying per day, sequence of Step 1/Level 1, time between examinations, money spent, or type of study resources utilized. CONCLUSIONS The transition of USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX Level 1 to a Pass/Fail designation did not reduce stress for OMSs at a single, multicampus COM. Respondents, however, altered board preparation practices in meaningful ways. As student behaviors and board-study patterns emerge, these insights must be connected to outcomes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Montemayor
- Office of Preclinical Education, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Waller
- Rocky Vista University Montana College of Osteopathic Medicine, Billings, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paz DC, Bains MS, Zueger ML, Bandi VR, Kuo VY, Payton M, Ryznar RJ. Impact of COVID-19 on Rocky Vista University medical students' mental health: A cross-sectional survey. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1076841. [PMID: 36814663 PMCID: PMC9939690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1076841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic brought immense changes to medical school curriculums world-wide, such as the widespread adoption of virtual learning. We sought to better understand the impact on medical students' mental health at Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States. This study assessed the impact the pandemic had on anxiety and depression levels of medical students. It also assessed the impact of several domains on student mental health during the pandemic and how various sub-groups within the studied population were affected. Methods A cross-sectional survey was sent to students through an online anonymous google survey in May to June 2021, centered around the 7-item questionnaire used to screen for Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7, 9-item questionnaire used to screen for depression PHQ-9, and self-designed questions to assess the personal impact of the pandemic. Data obtained were screened for error and analyzed with significance value of p < 0.05. Results A total of 152 responses were received (25.5% response rate). Of these, 64.1% identified as female, 75.8% were white, 50.3% were between ages 21-25, and 77.8% were first year medical students. During the pandemic, 79.6% of respondents felt more anxious and 65.1% felt more depressed. 67.8% of students reported feeling social isolation amidst the pandemic. Students living with friends were more likely to see a therapist for depression during the pandemic (p = 0.0169) and prescribed an antidepressant (p = 0.0394). Females and students in relationships were more likely to score higher on GAD-7 (p = 0.0194) and (p = 0.0244), respectively. Conclusion This study investigated the effect of the pandemic on medical students' mental health and the need to address this issue. Results suggest that the pandemic had a negative impact on medical student's mental health and that anxiety and depression levels worsened for pre-clinical medical students at Rocky Vista University. As such, it is imperative to incorporate additional resources to protect the well-being of medical students as they progress through their medical careers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Merry AF, van Waart H, Allen SJ, Baker PA, Cumin D, Frampton CMA, Gargiulo DA, Hannam JA, Keogh GF, Moore MR, Payton M, Mitchell SJ. Ease and comfort of pre-oxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen cannulae vs. facemask: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1346-1355. [PMID: 36110039 PMCID: PMC9826500 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Difficult Airway Society recommends that all patients should be pre-oxygenated before the induction of general anaesthesia, but this may not always be easy or comfortable and anaesthesia may often be induced without full pre-oxygenation. We tested the hypothesis that high-flow nasal oxygen cannulae would be easier and more comfortable than facemasks for pre-oxygenation. We randomly allocated 199 patients undergoing elective surgery aged ≥ 10 years to pre-oxygenation using either high-flow nasal oxygen or facemask. Ease and comfort were assessed by anaesthetists and patients on 10-cm visual analogue scale and six-point smiley face scale, respectively. Secondary endpoints included end-tidal oxygen fraction after securing a definitive airway and time to secure an airway. A mean difference (95%CI) between groups in ratings of -0.76 (-1.25 to -0.27) cm for ease of use (p = 0.003) and -0.45 (-0.75 to -0.13) points for comfort (p = 0.006), both favoured high-flow nasal oxygen. A mean difference (95%CI) between groups in end-tidal oxygen fraction of 3.89% (2.41-5.37%) after securing a definitive airway also favoured high-flow nasal oxygen (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of patients with hypoxaemia (Sp O2 < 90%) or severe hypoxaemia (Sp O2 < 85%) lasting ≥ 1 min or ≥ 2 min; in the proportion of patients with an end-tidal oxygen fraction < 87% in the first 5 min after tracheal intubation (52.2% vs. 58.9% in facemask and high-flow nasal oxygen groups, respectively; p = 0.31); or in time taken to secure an airway (11.6 vs. 12.2 min in facemask and high-flow nasal oxygen groups, respectively; p = 0.65). In conclusion, we found pre-oxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen to be easier for anaesthetists and more comfortable for patients than pre-oxygenation with a facemask, with no clinically relevant differences in end-tidal oxygen fraction after securing a definitive airway or time to secure an airway. The differences in ease and comfort were modest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Merry
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand,Department of AnaesthesiaAuckland City HospitalNew Zealand
| | - H. van Waart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
| | - S. J. Allen
- Department of AnaesthesiaAuckland City HospitalNew Zealand
| | - P. A. Baker
- Department of AnaesthesiaAuckland City HospitalNew Zealand,Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
| | - D. Cumin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
| | - C. M. A. Frampton
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of OtagoNew Zealand
| | - D. A. Gargiulo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
| | - J. A. Hannam
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
| | - G. F. Keogh
- Department of AnaesthesiaFisher and Paykel HealthcareAucklandNew Zealand
| | - M. R. Moore
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
| | - M. Payton
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand,Department of AnaesthesiaFisher and Paykel HealthcareAucklandNew Zealand
| | - S. J. Mitchell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand,Department of AnaesthesiaAuckland City HospitalNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith BJ, Hatter B, Washburn K, Graef-Downard J, Ojo BA, El-Rassi GD, Cichewicz RH, Payton M, Lucas EA. Dried Plum's Polyphenolic Compounds and Carbohydrates Contribute to Its Osteoprotective Effects and Exhibit Prebiotic Activity in Estrogen Deficient C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091685. [PMID: 35565653 PMCID: PMC9102795 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of dried plum’s benefits on bone continues to emerge. This study investigated the contribution of the fruit’s polyphenol (PP) and carbohydrate (CHO) components on a bone model of postmenopausal osteoporosis to explore their prebiotic activity. Osteopenic ovariectomized mice were fed diets supplemented with dried plum, a crude extract of dried plum’s polyphenolic compounds, or the PP or CHO fraction of the crude extract. The effects of treatments on the bone phenotype were assessed at 5 and 10 weeks as well as the prebiotic activity of the different components of dried plum. Both the CHO and PP fractions of the extract contributed to the effects on bone with the CHO suppressing bone formation and resorption, and the PP temporally down-regulating formation. The PP and CHO components also altered the gut microbiota and cecal short chain fatty acids. These findings demonstrate that the CHO as well as the PP components of dried plum have potential prebiotic activity, but they have differential roles in mediating the alterations in bone formation and resorption that protect bone in estrogen deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (B.H.); (K.W.); (B.A.O.); (E.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bethany Hatter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (B.H.); (K.W.); (B.A.O.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Karley Washburn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (B.H.); (K.W.); (B.A.O.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Jennifer Graef-Downard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA;
| | - Babajide A. Ojo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (B.H.); (K.W.); (B.A.O.); (E.A.L.)
| | | | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134, USA;
| | - Edralin A. Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (B.H.); (K.W.); (B.A.O.); (E.A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ryznar R, Wong C, Onat E, Towne F, LaPorta A, Payton M. Principal component analysis of salivary cytokines and hormones in the acute stress response. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:957545. [PMID: 36339833 PMCID: PMC9626986 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.957545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute stress response is characterized by activation of multiple interconnected systems in the body, resulting in the release of a flood of hormones and immune mediators into circulation. In addition to detection of these molecules in the serum, saliva can serve as a source of these markers as well and can be collected in a non-invasive way. The complete profile of salivary biomarkers associated with the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal/gonadal axes and the immune system during the acute stress response has not been fully elucidated. In a cohort of 62 first responders engaged in a stress training exercise, we set out to determine patterns of cytokine, chemokine and hormone shifts during the acute stress response. Salivary samples were collected immediately before (pre-stress), immediately after (post-stress) and 1 h after the stress test (recovery). Multiplex ELISA panels of 42 cytokines and 6 steroid and thyroid hormones were used to determine concentrations of these biomarkers during the three aforementioned time points. Principal components analysis was conducted to determine patterns in the large data sets collected. In our ≥0.3 loading principal components analysis, for pre-stress vs. post, post-stress vs. recovery and pre-stress vs. recovery, a total of three, four and three factors accounted for 56.6, 68.34, and 61.70% of the biomarker variation for each phase respectively. In the ≥0.7 loading principal components analysis, three, four and three factors were found for pre-stress vs. post, post-stress vs. recovery and pre-stress vs. recovery stages, respectively. Of note, in our ≥0.3 loading principal components analysis, MCP1 was present in all three factors from pre-stress to post-stress, and fractalkine was found to be in all four factors post-stress vs. recovery and pre vs. recovery from stress. Additionally, hormones testosterone, estradiol, T4 and T3 grouped together consistently in the same factor for all phases of acute stress in both ≥0.3 and ≥0.7 principal components analysis. Overall, our results identified specific patterns of immune markers and hormones that shift during acute stress and warrant further investigation to understand their mechanistic role in regulating the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ryznar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Cheyenne Wong
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, UT, United States
| | - Erin Onat
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Francina Towne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Anthony LaPorta
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hooshmand S, Gaffen D, Eisner A, Fajardo J, Payton M, Kern M. Effects of 12 Months Consumption of 100 g Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Biomarkers, Density, and Strength in Men. J Med Food 2021; 25:40-47. [PMID: 34714130 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several male animal studies have demonstrated bone-protective effects of dried plum; however, no human male study has evaluated the effect of dried plum on bone health. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical study to test if daily inclusion of 100 g of dried plum in the diet positively influenced bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength, and bone biomarkers in men. Sixty-six men were randomly assigned to one of two daily treatment groups: (1) control (0 g dried plum) or (2) 100 g dried plum. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months to assess bone biomarkers. Bone was measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP5b) and C-terminal collagen cross-link (CTX) levels decreased significantly in the dried plum group at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals compared with baseline. No changes were observed in the control group for TRAP5b and CTX levels. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels decreased significantly after 6 and 12 months in the control and dried plum groups. BMD for total body, spine (L1-L4), hip, and ulna did not change in the control and dried plum groups from baseline to 6 or 12 months. In the proximal tibia, endosteal circumferences increased significantly within the dried plum group during the course of treatment. The results suggest that daily consumption of 100 g dried plum for 12 months has modest bone-protective effects in men. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04720833.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Danielle Gaffen
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Eisner
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jonnatan Fajardo
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arnold JE, Hadfield CA, Clayton LA, Cray C, Jones D, Payton M. Development of methodology and reference intervals for the analysis of the free-ranging Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus hemolymph. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:259-272. [PMID: 34142376 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is valuable to fishing and biomedical industries, for education in public aquaria, and of ecological importance because the eggs provide a critical food source for migratory shorebirds. While hematologic and biochemical analyses are fundamental tools for health assessment, reports are limited for the four extant species of horseshoe crabs; L polyphemus (East Coast North America), Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (mangrove horseshoe crab Southeast Asia), Tachypleus gigas, and Tachypleus tridentatus (Southeast and East Asia). OBJECTIVES This prospective study measured hemolymph values to determine RIs from free-ranging horseshoe crabs during the annual breeding aggregation in Delaware Bay, USA. METHODS Near-shore animals were briefly manually restrained for hemolymph collection from the cardiac sinus. Hematologic samples (25 males, 25 females) were collected for hemocytometer counts using the Natt and Herrick method. A second set of 50 animals (25 males, 25 females) was sampled for biochemistry measurands, including copper concentration by spectrophotometer, osmolality by vapor pressure osmometer, and protein electrophoresis. RESULTS Total hemocyte counts varied widely (RI 6600-44 300/µL). Electrolytes were consistent with osmoconformers living in seawater. There was a marked difference in sexes, with females showing much lower protein, glucose, and copper levels. Eleven females had multiple outliers, and all data were excluded from RI calculations. CONCLUSIONS Further studies of this species outside of spawning season are needed. Expanding our knowledge of horseshoe crab health is important to decreasing morbidity and mortality in research applications and maximizing longevity and overall health in display settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Arnold
- Animal Care and Welfare, National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Leigh A Clayton
- Animal Care and Welfare, National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Darbi Jones
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lindenmayer JC, Payton M, Giles KL, Elliott NC, Knutson AE, Bowling R, Seiter NJ, McCornack B, Brown SA, Royer TA. Evaluation of Two-Leaf Sampling Units to Estimate Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Economic Thresholds in Commercial Grain Sorghum. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:481-485. [PMID: 33236087 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner is a significant economic pest of grain sorghum in the United States. Effective monitoring and early detection are cornerstones for managing invasive pests. The recently developed binomial sequential sampling plan estimates sugarcane aphid economic thresholds (ETs) based on classification whether a 2-leaf sample unit has ≤ or ≥ 50 M. sacchari. In this study, we evaluated eight 2-leaf sampling units for potential use in the sequential sampling plan. From 2016 through 2017, whole plant counts of M. sacchari were recorded non-destructively in situ on sorghum plants from 140 fields located in five states. Plant canopies were stratified into three categories. Two leaves from each stratum were used to compare linear relationships between M. sacchari numbers per two-leaf sample unit and total M. sacchari density per plant. Analysis revealed that two randomly selected leaves from the middle stratum accounted more variation for estimating M. sacchari density when compared to two leaves from the other strata. Comparison of eight two-leaf sampling units within plant growth stages were variable in quantifying variation of M. sacchari densities. When growth stages were combined, the standard uppermost + lowermost leaf sample unit and a unit consisting of two randomly selected leaves from the middle stratum revealed little difference in their enumeration of variation in M. sacchari density. Because other sample units were either less predictive and/or more variable in estimating M. sacchari density, we suggest that the (L1+U1) sample unit remain the preferred method for appraising M. sacchari ETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO
| | - Kris L Giles
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Norman C Elliott
- USDA-ARS Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit, Stillwater, OK
| | - Allen E Knutson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Nicholas J Seiter
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Brian McCornack
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sebe A Brown
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Alexandria, LA
| | - Tom A Royer
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong Q, Wang H, Christensen P, McNeil K, Linton M, Payton M. Early prediction of the risk of scoring lower than 500 on the COMLEX 1. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 33478500 PMCID: PMC7819165 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States Level 1 (COMLEX 1) is important for medical students to be able to graduate. There is a glaring need to identify students who are at a significant risk of performing poorly on COMLEX 1 as early as possible so that extra assistance can be provided to those students. Our goal is to produce a reliable predictive model to identify students who are at risk of scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1 at the earliest possible time. METHODS Academic data from medical students who matriculated at Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine between 2011 and 2017 were obtained. Odds ratios were used to assess the predictors for scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Correlation with COMLEX 1 scores was assessed with Pearson correlation coefficient. The predictive models were developed by multiple logistic regression, backward logistic regression, and logistic regression with average scores in courses in the first three semesters, and were based on performances on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) before admission, as well as students' performances in preclinical courses during the first three semesters. The models were generated in about 82% of the student performance data and were then validated in the remaining 18% of the data. RESULTS Odds ratios showed that MCAT scores and final grades in each course in the first three semesters were significant in predicting a score lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Performances in third-semester courses including Renal System II, Cardiovascular System II, and Respiratory System II were most important in prediction. The three predictive models had sensitivities of 65.8 -71%, and specificities of 83.2 - 88.2% in predicting a score lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. CONCLUSIONS Lower MCAT scores and lower grades in the first three semesters of medical school predict scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Students who are identified at risk by our models will have a 65.8 -71% chance of actually scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Those students will have enough time to receive assistance before taking COMLEX 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhong
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center St, Ivins, UT 84738 USA
| | - Han Wang
- Shenzhen DJI Sciences and Technologies Ltd, Shen Zhen, China
| | | | - Kevin McNeil
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, USA
| | - Matthew Linton
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center St, Ivins, UT 84738 USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center St, Ivins, UT 84738 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heneghan N, Fu J, Pritchard J, Payton M, Allen RW. The effect of environmental conditions on the rate of RNA degradation in dried blood stains. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102456. [PMID: 33444974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between RNA degradation and the age of a bloodstain has been suggested by the work of several investigators. A prior study from this laboratory described a qPCR assay that was effective at estimating the age of bloodstains stored in an environmentally controlled laboratory for periods of up to one year. In this study, the effect of the environmental conditions on the rate of RNA degradation during storage was analyzed. Bloodstains were prepared on stain cards and stored in one of 9 different environments for periods of up to 24 weeks. At selected times during the storage term, RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and the integrity of select transcripts analyzed. Three temperatures (37 °C, 20 °C, and 4 °C) and three relative humidities (rH) (75 %, 35 %, and 10 %) were combined pairwise. The rate of RNA degradation was found to increase 5-10 fold in stains stored at 37 °C versus those stored at 20 °C. The rate of RNA degradation was faster for stains stored at 20 °C compared to 4 °C but differed only 2-4 fold. Multivariate regression analysis suggests elevations in temperature or rH will accelerate RNA degradation and will do so to a similar extent. It is clear from the data that the integrity of the transcriptome in dried bloodstains is better preserved in a cold and dry environment. Investigations are ongoing to develop an approach for the estimation of sample age that incorporates the environmental conditions of a crime scene into the age estimate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Heneghan
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jane Pritchard
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mark Payton
- Chair and Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert W Allen
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa, OK, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maxwell EA, Dugat DR, Waltenburg M, Upchurch D, Soto-Elias P, Duffy DJ, Spector D, Petrovsky B, Payton M. Outcomes of dogs undergoing immediate or delayed surgical treatment for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction: A retrospective study by the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery. Vet Surg 2020; 50:177-185. [PMID: 32979240 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate gastrointestinal injury and outcomes between dogs treated with immediate surgical intervention vs those treated with delayed surgical intervention for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction (GIFBO). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION Client-owned dogs (n = 855) from five referral hospitals. METHODS Medical records of dogs in which GIFBO had been diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed for preoperative management, timing of surgery, intraoperative findings, postoperative management, outcome, and survival. Surgical intervention was classified as immediate when it occurred within 6 hours of presentation and delayed when it occurred >6 hours after presentation. RESULTS Outcomes did not differ between dogs treated immediately (n = 584) or over 6 hours after presentation (n = 210). Intestinal necrosis and perforations were more common when surgery was delayed (P = .008; P = .019) but became nonsignificant after controlling for preoperative differences. Risk factors for necrosis and perforations included duration of clinical signs, increased lactate, linear foreign material, and timing of surgery. Enterectomies (P = .004) as well as the duration of surgery (P = .004) and anesthesia (P = .001) were increased when surgery was delayed. Immediate surgery was associated with earlier return to feeding (P = .004) and discharge from the hospital (P < .001); (5%) dogs in each group (n = 33 immediate; n = 11 delayed) either had a negative explore or the foreign body was milked aborally into the colon at the time of surgery. CONCLUSION Although outcomes were not associated with surgical timing, the unadjusted prevalence of gastrointestinal injury and, thus, the requirement for complex surgical procedures was higher in the delayed group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Earlier surgical treatment of stabilized dogs with GIFBO may involve fewer complex procedures and accelerate recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Maxwell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Danielle R Dugat
- Boren Veterinary Medical Hospital, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | | - David Upchurch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Pedro Soto-Elias
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Duffy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Brian Petrovsky
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dewage BG, Little S, Payton M, Beall M, Braff J, Szlosek D, Buch J, Knupp A. Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010-2017. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:476. [PMID: 31610803 PMCID: PMC6791011 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are tick-borne infections transmitted by Ixodes scapularis in the eastern USA; both agents cause disease in dogs and people. To characterize changes in seroprevalence over time, Cochran Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate percent positive test results for antibodies to B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in approximately 20 million canine tests from 2010–2017 in 25 states and 905 counties in the eastern USA. Results A significant decreasing trend in seroprevalence to B. burgdorferi was evident in eight states along the mid-Atlantic coast from Virginia to New Hampshire, and in Wisconsin. In contrast, a continued increasing trend was evident in five northeastern and Midwestern states where Lyme borreliosis is endemic or emerging, as well as in three southern states where endemicity has not yet been widely established. Similarly, seroprevalence to Anaplasma spp. showed a significant, although smaller, decreasing trend in five states along the mid-Atlantic coast from Virginia to Connecticut and Rhode Island, as well as in Minnesota and Wisconsin in the Midwest; despite the fact that those trends were significant they were weak. However, a strong increasing trend was evident in Massachusetts and three states in northern New England as well as in Pennsylvania. Conclusions As expected, seroprevalence continued to increase in regions where Lyme borreliosis and anaplasmosis are more newly endemic. However, the declining seroprevalence evident in other areas was not anticipated. Although the reasons for the decreasing trends are not clear, our finding may reflect shifting ecologic factors that have resulted in decreased infection risk or the combined positive influence of canine vaccination, tick control, and routine testing of dogs in regions where these infections have long been endemic. Analysis of trends in canine test results for tick-borne infections continues to be a valuable tool to understand relative geographical and temporal risk for these zoonotic agents.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya Galkissa Dewage
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jesse Buch
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, Maine, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anderson K, Keirns B, Ojo B, Washburn K, Graef J, El-Rassi GD, Payton M, Lucas EA, Smith B. Contribution of Carbohydrates and Polyphenols to Dried Plum's Prebiotic Activity (P20-029-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz040.p20-029-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In addition to bone protective effects, dried plums (DP) also prevent weight gain in animal models of ovarian hormone deficiency. The aim of this project was to investigate the contribution of the polyphenol (PP) and carbohydrate (CHO) components of DP on weight gain and body composition, as well as their effects on the gut environment.
Methods
Two studies were performed using 8-wk-old C57BL/6 female mice that were sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx), and allowed to lose bone prior to treatment for 5 or 10 wks. In Study 1, Sham and Ovx mice were assigned to control (AIN-93 M), control diet with added DP (25% w/w) or a crude PP extract (CPE; equivalent PP to DP). In Study 2, Ovx mice were randomized to diets with the CPE fractions, PP or CHO, in a 2x2 factorial design. At the end of each study, bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed. Cecal bacterial taxa and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were characterized at 5 and 10 wks, respectively. Non-microbiome data were analyzed using 1-way or 2-way ANOVA (SAS, Version 9.4).
Results
In Study 1, Ovx increased (P < 0.01) weight gain, %fat and abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT), and DP and CPE mitigated (P < 0.05) this response at 5 and 10 wks. Likewise, DP and CPE reversed the Ovx-induced decrease in BMD at both time points. DP and CPE enriched the SCFA-producing family, Lachnospiraceae, as well as Coriobacteriaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae, which are associated with weight regulation. Cecal acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids were increased by DP and CPE compared to Ovx-control, but the response was greater with DP. In Study 2, CHO with or without PP, reduced Ovx-induced weight gain (P < 0.01), %fat (P < 0.001), WAT (P < 0.01) and reversed the loss of BMD at both time points. Compared to CPE, Verrucomicrobiaceae was more abundant with the PP group, but there was no change in β diversity with the CHO group. All of the assessed SCFA were increased with CHO, regardless of PP content, while n-butyric acid and the two isomers of valeric acid were independently enhanced by PP. Among the assessed outcomes, there were no additive effects of CHO and PP.
Conclusions
Although their prebiotic effects differ, both the CHO and PP components contribute to DP's effects on weight gain and body composition.
Funding Sources
OCAST; California Dried Plum Board.
Collapse
|
15
|
Grasso SC, Ko JC, Weil AB, Hess JA, Paranjape V, Payton M. Effects of transdermal fentanyl solution application and subsequent naloxone hydrochloride administration on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:431-436. [PMID: 30058966 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.4.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the isoflurane-sparing effect of a transdermal formulation of fentanyl solution (TFS) and subsequent naloxone administration in dogs. DESIGN Experiment. ANIMALS 6 healthy mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was determined in each dog with a tail clamp method (baseline). Two weeks later, dogs were treated with TFS (2.7 mg/kg [1.23 mg/lb]), and the MAC of isoflurane was determined 4 and 24 hours later. After the 4-hour MAC assessment, saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was immediately administered IV and MAC was reassessed. After the 24-hour MAC assessment, naloxone hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg [0.01 mg/lb], IV) was immediately administered and MAC was reassessed. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2, and oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry were recorded for each MAC assessment. RESULTS Mean ± SD MAC of isoflurane at 4 and 24 hours after TFS application was 45.4 ± 4.0% and 45.5 ± 4.5% lower than at baseline, respectively. Following naloxone administration, only a minimal reduction in MAC was identified (mean percentage decrease from baseline of 13.1 ± 2.2%, compared with 43.8 ± 5.6% for saline solution). Mean heart rate was significantly higher after naloxone administration (113.2 ± 22.2 beats/min) than after saline solution administration (76.7 ± 20.0 beats/min). No significant differences in other variables were identified among treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The isoflurane-sparing effects of TFS in healthy dogs were consistent and sustained between 4 and 24 hours after application, and these effects should be taken into consideration when anesthetizing or reanesthetizing TFS-treated dogs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagamori Y, Payton M, Coburn L, Thomas JE, Reichard M. Nymphal engorgement weight predicts sex of adult Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 77:401-410. [PMID: 30758802 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The engorgement weights of laboratory-raised nymphs of five common ticks in the USA, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, experimentally fed to repletion on an adult sheep (Ovis aries) were evaluated to determine the sex of molted adult ticks. Length of feeding period of nymphs, molting success and durations, and sex ratios between tick species were also compared. Individual replete nymphs were weighed and allowed to molt to adults in a humidity chamber. Length of feeding duration was different by species (F4,7785 = 1963.79; P < 0.0001); R. sanguineus nymphs became replete fastest, followed by A. americanum, D. variabilis, A. maculatum, and D. andersoni. Significant difference in molting success was not detected. The mean body weight of engorged nymphs of A. americanum (t = 32.3; df = 662), A. maculatum (t = - 9.70; df = 255), D. variabilis (t = 15.7; df = 751), and R. sanguineus (t = 5.17; df = 560; all P < 0.0001) molting into females was greater than that of nymphs molting into males, whereas heavier D. andersoni engorged nymphs became males (t = 8.71; df = 480; P < 0.0001). Amblyomma maculatum nymphs that molted to females fed to repletion faster (t = 3.33; df = 265; P ≤ 0.001) than nymphs that molted to males and a higher proportion (χ2 = 48.4; df = 1, P < 0.0001) of A. maculatum and D. andersoni (χ2 = 8.19; df = 1, P = 0.004) molted to females than males. Our study demonstrated biological and behavioral differences in and between engorging nymphs of five ixodid species. These findings may aid in studies evaluating the role of tick sex in transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nagamori
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lisa Coburn
- Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jennifer E Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Mason Reichard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith BJ, Leyva MJ, Stephens LD, Aston CE, Hermann J, Payton M, Baker MZ. Relationship of American Indian blood quantum with osteoporosis risk: a cross-sectional study of American Indian women in Oklahoma. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2251-2260. [PMID: 29943190 PMCID: PMC9134873 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Information regarding the prevalence and risk of osteoporosis among American Indian (AI) women is limited. This study showed that with increasing AI blood quantum, the prevalence of osteoporosis at the hip based on BMD T-scores decreased and this appeared to be independent of other risk factors. INTRODUCTION This study was designed to investigate the effects of AI blood quantum (BQ) on osteoporosis prevalence and risk in a cohort of AI women in Oklahoma. METHODS Women (n = 301), aged 50 years and older, were recruited to participate in the Oklahoma American Indian Women's Osteoporosis Study. Baseline bone density, fracture history, bone biochemical markers, and potential risk factors were assessed. Participants were stratified by AI BQ into BQ1 ≤ 25%, BQ2 = 25-49%, BQ3 = 50-74%, and BQ4 = 75-100%. The effects of BQ on the prevalence and risk of osteoporosis were evaluated. RESULTS Based on T-scores, one in approximately eight women in the study was osteoporotic at one or more sites. The prevalence of osteoporosis decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing BQ, especially at the hip, trochanteric, and intertrochanter regions. No differences in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and C-telopeptide were observed across BQ that could account for the differences in bone density. 25-OH vitamin D decreased with increasing BQ, but mean for each BQ1-4 was > 40 ng/mL. Fracture history did not differ across BQ, and though 52% of the population consumed less than the RDA for calcium, no effect of BQ was observed. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of women who identified as AI, greater Indian BQ was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 420 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - M J Leyva
- Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L D Stephens
- Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C E Aston
- Department of Pediatrics CMRI Metabolic Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J Hermann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 420 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - M Payton
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M Z Baker
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park J, Dugat D, Rochat M, Blake C, Payton M, Schock S. Effect of Bidirectional Insertion of External Skeletal Fixation Pins on Axial Pullout Strength in Canine Cadaveric Bone. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Park
- Small Animal Surgery, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Danielle Dugat
- Small Animal Surgery, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Mark Rochat
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Cara Blake
- Small Animal Surgery, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Sarah Schock
- Small Animal Surgery, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
SummaryIn the dog the correct angles for arthrodesis of limb joints have been published in the veterinary literature. They can also be obtained by measuring the joint angles of the contralateral limb from a standing lateral radiograph. This study was undertaken to determine if increased weight-bearing had a significant effect on joint angles. Standing lateral radiographs of the foreand hind limbs were taken of dogs standing on all four legs and then with their contralateral limb elevated. A significant difference was found between the angles of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (p ≤ 0.05) when the dog was bearing weight on all four limbs compared to when the contralateral limb was elevated. Significant differences were not found for the other joints that were evaluated (shoulder, elbow, antebrachial carpal, stifle tibiotarsal).
Collapse
|
20
|
Evans SF, Beebe M, Mahmood M, Janthachotikun S, Eldoumi H, Peterson S, Payton M, Perkins-Veazie P, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Mango Supplementation Has No Effects on Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Adults. Nutr Metab Insights 2017; 10:1178638817731770. [PMID: 28983188 PMCID: PMC5621662 DOI: 10.1177/1178638817731770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study examined the effects of freeze-dried mango (Mangifera indica L.) supplementation on anthropometric measurements, lipid parameters, and inflammatory mediators in obese individuals. A total of 20 obese (body mass index [BMI]: 30-35 kg/m2) adults (11 men and 9 women), aged 20 to 50 years, received 10 g/d of ground freeze-dried mango pulp for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics, lipids, and inflammatory mediators were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of mango supplementation. There were no differences between baseline and final visits in inflammatory mediators, lipids, diet, physical activity, and anthropometrics. Relationships were present at baseline and final visits between adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and between leptin and fat mass. Correlations were found after 12 weeks of mango supplementation between leptin and the following variables: waist-to-height ratio, BMI, percent fat, and fat mass. Our findings demonstrate that 12-week consumption of freeze-dried mango by obese individuals has no impact on obesity-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley F Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Maureen Beebe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Heba Eldoumi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Penelope Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticulture Science, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cichocki B, Dugat D, Payton M. Agreement of Axillary and Auricular Temperature with Rectal Temperature in Systemically Healthy Dogs Undergoing Surgery. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:291-296. [PMID: 28892426 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining a patient's temperature is an important part of a patient's physical examination. As human medicine transitions to noninvasive temperature measurements, so does veterinary medicine. Historically, temperature measurement has been obtained from rectal readings; however, alternative methods, such as axillary and auricular temperatures, are increasing in popularity. The purpose of the study was to compare these alternative techniques to the gold standard of rectal temperature. Temperatures were obtained three ways for each patient: rectal, axillary, and auricular. Results indicated a positive linear relationship between rectal and axillary temperatures (bivariate correlation coefficient [r] = 0.65, P < .001) and axillary and auricular temperatures (r = 0.55, P < .001). Agreement was strongest between rectal and auricular temperatures (r = 0.80, P < .001). The average discrepancy between axillary and rectal temperature was 1.2°C [2.1°F] with the highest difference being 4.0°C [7.3°F]. The average discrepancy between auricular and rectal temperature was 0.6°C [1.2°F] with the highest difference being 2.2°C [4.1°F]. Despite auricular temperatures having stronger agreement, Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement testing revealed that it was a poor predictor of rectal temperature. Based on these results, axillary and auricular temperatures should not be substituted for rectal temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Cichocki
- From the Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (B.C., D.D.), Department of Statistics (M.P.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Danielle Dugat
- From the Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (B.C., D.D.), Department of Statistics (M.P.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Mark Payton
- From the Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (B.C., D.D.), Department of Statistics (M.P.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Washington I, Payton M. Responses to Drs Perkins' and Lipman's Letter to the Editor. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2017; 56:489. [PMID: 28903818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Washington
- DVM, PhD, DACLAM - Director and Attending Veterinarian, Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Mark Payton
- PhD - Professor and Head, Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Payton M, Pinchasik D, Mehta A, Goel S, Zain J, Sokol L, Jacobsen E, Patel M, Horwitz S, Meric-Bernstam F, Shustov A, Weinstock D, Aivado M, Annis D. Phase 2a study of a novel stapled peptide ALRN-6924 disrupting MDMX- and MDM2-mediated inhibition of wild-type TP53 in patients with peripheral t-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx373.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Ayalew S, Confer AW, Hartson SD, Canaan PJ, Payton M, Couger B. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of putative Mannheimia haemolytica secretome by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Schaible M, Shani J, Caceres A, Payton M, Segev Y, Ben-Amotz R. Combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and lateral fabellotibial suture for cranial cruciate ligament rupture with severe rotational instability in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:219-226. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schaible
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center; Philadelphia PA 19147 USA
| | - J. Shani
- Department of Surgery, Beit Berl College; Chavat Daat Veterinary Referral Hospital; Kfar Saba, 44905 Israel
| | - A. Caceres
- Department of Radiology; Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center; Levittown PA, 19056 USA
- Department of Clinical Studies-Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA, 19104 USA
| | - M. Payton
- Department of Statistics; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK, 74077 USA
| | - Y. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Beit Berl College; Chavat Daat Veterinary Referral Hospital; Kfar Saba, 44905 Israel
| | - R. Ben-Amotz
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center; Philadelphia PA 19147 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Abd-Elmagid A, Hunger R, Garzón C, Payton M, Ju HJ, Melouk H. Effect of Osmotic and Matric Potentials on Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Virulence on Peanut. Int J Phytopathol 2016; 4:147-158. [DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.004.03.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of osmotic and matric potentials on mycelial growth, sclerotia production, germination, and virulence of two isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and one isolate of S. minor were studied on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media adjusted with KCl, glycerol, or agar. Osmotic potentials created by KCl and glycerol significantly reduced vegetative growth of the three isolates. On matrically adjusted PDA, vegetative growth of the three isolates was not negatively affected by matric stress up to -3.5 MPa. When KCl was the osmoticum, sclerotia number did not follow a consistent pattern. However, sclerotia number decreased when osmotic stress created by glycerol was increased. Matric stress was not a consistent factor affecting sclerotia production by both species. However, the highest levels of matric stress -3.0 and -3.5 MPa significantly reduced sclerotia production by both species. In general, there was a trend toward lower sclerotial germination with increasing osmotic and matric stress. Pathogenicity of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum on the peanut cultivar (Okrun) was reduced by high concentrations of KCl. Mycelia of both species produced at high matric potential -3.5 MPa did not differ in pathogenicity on Okrun compared with mycelia grown on non-amended PDA. In water-stressed-Okrun, induced by polyethylene glycol 8000, the Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was significantly decreased. The relevance of these results to the behavior of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum, and their pathogenicity on peanut is discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jann HW, Hart JCA, Stein LE, Ritchey J, Blaik M, Payton M, Fackelman GE, Rezabek GB, Mann BK. The Effects of a Crosslinked, Modified Hyaluronic Acid (xCMHA-S) Gel on Equine Tendon Healing. Vet Surg 2016; 45:231-9. [PMID: 26767727 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of a crosslinked, modified hyaluronic acid (xCMHA-S) gel on equine tendon healing using an in vivo surgical model. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS Adult horses (n = 5). METHODS Full thickness bilateral forelimb window tenectomies were surgically created in both forelimb superficial digital flexor tendons and xCMHA-S gel was implanted intraoperatively into the right forelimb lesion of each horse whereas the left forelimb served as the untreated control. Healing was monitored by serial ultrasound examinations every 14 days over the course of the 84 day study. In addition, gross pathology, scanning electron microscopy for fiber diameter, and histological scoring were completed on tendon samples harvested after euthanasia at 84 days. RESULTS Ultrasound assessment demonstrated a significant decrease in mean lesion size of treated (0%) compared to control (30%) tendons at 84 days. Mean (±SD) cumulative histologic tendon scores for control tendons (17.7 ± 2.7) were significantly higher than treated tendons (13.6 ± 1.9), indicating less advanced healing in the control group. Tendon cell density was increased and neovascularization, intensity of inflammation, and uniformity of fiber diameter were increased in control compared to treated tendons. There were no differences in fibroblast shape, levels of intralesional hemorrhage, linearity of collagen fibers, or collagen fiber diameter or distribution between treated and control tendons. CONCLUSION Tendons treated with xCMHA-S gel at the time of model induction had superior histologic healing scores and sonographically smaller lesions compared to controls, suggesting that xCMHA-S gel may aid the natural healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Jann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - James C A Hart
- Comparative Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Jerry Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Margaret Blaik
- East Coast Veterinary Imaging, Inc, Cary, North Carolina
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | | - Grant B Rezabek
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Brenda K Mann
- SentrX Animal Care, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Johnson S, Feresin R, Navaei N, Elam M, Hooshmand S, Payton M, Levenson C, Arjmandi B. Blueberries Attenuate DNA Damage in Postmenopausal Women. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.918.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johnson
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
| | - Rafaela Feresin
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
| | - Marcus Elam
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Cathy Levenson
- College of Medicine Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Semkoff J, Evans S, Janthachotikun S, Eldoumi H, Mahmood M, Meister M, Payton M, Peterson S, Perkins‐Veazie P, Clarke S, Smith B, Lucas E. The Effect of Mango Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Pre‐Diabetic Individuals. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.602.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jess Semkoff
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Shirley Evans
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | | | - Heba Eldoumi
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Maureen Meister
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics Oklahoma State UnversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | | | - Stephen Clarke
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Brenda Smith
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| | - Edralin Lucas
- Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chauhan RP, Hamon HF, Rajakaruna P, Webb MA, Payton M, Verchot J. Reliable Detection for Bean yellow mosaic virus, Canna yellow streak virus, and Canna yellow mottle virus in Canna Varieties with Red Foliage. Plant Dis 2015; 99:188-194. [PMID: 30699571 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-14-0538-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cannas grow from rhizomes to produce colorful foliage that ranges from deep burgundy, bronze, green, purple veined, and variegated. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Canna yellow streak virus (CaYSV), and Canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV) are problematic viruses infecting cannas. Their disease characteristics have been reported in green-leaved varieties. This study investigated if rhizome planting stocks can be a source of virus infection. PCR and RT-PCR tests identified BYMV, CaYSV, and CaYMV sequences in 20 canna rhizomes and newly emerging leaves. Immunosorbent electron microscopy tests identified filamentous potyvirus particles in rhizome and leaf tissue. In addition, disease characteristics were examined in a subset of red-leaved varieties 'Australia', 'Burning Ember', and 'Red Futurity' planted in pots in the greenhouse. Plants were assigned identifying codes, visual disease ratings, and samples were taken for RT-PCR and PCR virus detection assays. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare disease ratings with RT-PCR and PCR test results. Visual assessment was found to be not a reliable indicator of virus infection in 'Australia' and 'Burning Ember' plants. 'Red Futurity' produced the most obvious pattern of mosaic disease and virus symptoms were easier to identify in this variety. This study demonstrated that visual assessment was an ineffective method for disease identification for the red-leaved varieties. Growers would be well advised to utilize molecular testing to identify infected plants to aid in the clean-up of the crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravendra P Chauhan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - Hayden F Hamon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - Punsasi Rajakaruna
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - Mark A Webb
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Black D, Ritchey J, Payton M, Eberle R. Role of the virion host shutoff protein in neurovirulence of monkey B virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1). Virol Sin 2014; 29:274-83. [PMID: 25341947 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkey B virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1; BV) is noted for its extreme neurovirulence in humans. Since the vhs protein encoded by the UL41 gene has been shown to be a neurovirulence factor in the related human herpes simplex viruses, the role of the UL41 gene in BV neurovirulence was investigated. BV mutants were constructed that lacked the entire UL41 ORF (Δ41) or had the RNase active site mutated (Δ41A). Neither mutant shut off host protein synthesis, degraded β-actin mRNA, or prevented an IFN-β response, indicating that the vhs protein and its RNase activity are both necessary for these activities. Replication of both mutants in primary mouse cells was impaired and they exhibited a prolonged disease course in mice. Whereas Δ41 infected mice were euthanized for symptoms related to central nervous system (CNS) infection, Δ41A infected mice were euthanized primarily for symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. While neuroinvasiveness was not affected, lesions in the CNS were more limited in size, anatomical distribution, and severity than for wild-type virus. These results indicate that the vhs protein affects the general replicative efficiency of BV in vivo rather than being a specific neurovirulence factor critical for invasion of or preferential replication in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darla Black
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Masloski K, Greenwood C, Reiskind M, Payton M. Evidence for diet-driven habitat partitioning of Melanoplinae and Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) along a vegetation gradient in a western Oklahoma grassland. Environ Entomol 2014; 43:1209-1214. [PMID: 25203904 DOI: 10.1603/en13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important arthropods in the grassland ecosystem as sources of herbivory, nutrient recycling through frass production, and as prey items for other insects, mammals, and birds. It has been observed in previous research that common Acrididae subfamilies have dietary preferences: many species of Gomphocerinae are specialists on grass plants, many Melanoplinae species are polyphagous forb eaters. We characterized the community of Acrididae along a vegetation gradient in the Beaver River Wildlife Management Area, Beaver County, OK, and tested the hypothesis that these subfamilies would be in greater abundance in areas dominated by their preferred food resource. Vegetation types were characterized into four different functional groups: grass, forb, litter, and bare ground. The proportion of cover of functional groups was found to be correlated with relative abundance of Gomphocerinae and Melanoplinae grasshoppers. Gomphocerinae were in greater abundance in vegetation types consisting of a larger proportion of grass. Melanoplinae were in greater abundance in vegetation types consisting of larger proportions of forb cover. A factor analysis indicated that forb cover and grass cover contributed more than litter and bare ground cover to the relative abundance of these grasshopper subfamilies and it is our conclusion that this is evidence for dietary-based habitat partitioning as observed through subfamilial relative abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Masloski
- Oklahoma State University Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Evans SF, Meister M, Mahmood M, Eldoumi H, Peterson S, Perkins-Veazie P, Clarke SL, Payton M, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Mango supplementation improves blood glucose in obese individuals. Nutr Metab Insights 2014; 7:77-84. [PMID: 25210462 PMCID: PMC4155986 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study examined the effects of freeze-dried mango (Mangifera indica L.) supplementation on anthropometrics, body composition, and biochemical parameters in obese individuals. Twenty obese adults (11 males and 9 females) ages 20- to 50-years old, received 10 g/day of ground freeze-dried mango pulp for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics, biochemical parameters, and body composition were assessed at baseline and final visits of the study. After 12 weeks, mango supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose in both male (-4.45 mg/dL, P = 0.018) and female (-3.56 mg/dL, P = 0.003) participants. In addition, hip circumference was reduced in male (-3.3 cm, P = 0.048) but not in female participants. However, there were no significant changes in body weight or composition in either gender. Our findings indicate that regular consumption of freeze-dried mango by obese individuals does not negatively impact body weight but provides a positive effect on fasting blood glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley F Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Maureen Meister
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Heba Eldoumi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Stephen L Clarke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnson S, Figueroa A, Navaei N, Wong A, Kalfon R, Feresin R, Elam M, Payton M, Arjmandi B. Blueberries exert antihypertensive and vascular‐protective effects in postmenopausal women with pre‐ and stage 1‐hypertension (117.6). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.117.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johnson
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Roy Kalfon
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Rafaela Feresin
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Marcus Elam
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of StatisticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUnited States
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Elam M, Ormsbee L, Campbell S, Rahnama N, Payton M, Brummel‐Smith K, Daggy B, Arjmandi B. A combination of
Scutellaria baicalensis
and
Acacia catechu
extracts for short‐term symptomatic relief of joint discomfort associated with osteoarthritis of the knee (134.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.134.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Elam
- Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | | | - Sara Campbell
- Florida State UniversityNew BrunswickFLUnited States
| | | | - Mark Payton
- Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUnited States
| | | | - Bruce Daggy
- Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUnited States
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pettipher R, Perkins M, Pearce Collins L, Baillet M, Lewis T, Steiner J, Bell J, Payton M, Hunter M. The Potent and Selective CRTH2 Antagonist OC000459 Is Effective In The Treatment Of Eosinophilic Asthma When Given Once Daily. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
McKeirnan KL, Gross ME, Rochat M, Payton M. Comparison of Propofol and Propofol/Ketamine Anesthesia for Evaluation of Laryngeal Function in Healthy Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:19-26. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiopental is an excellent choice for evaluation of laryngeal function. Unfortunately, thiopental is no longer manufactured. In its absence, the ideal anesthetic protocol for laryngoscopy has not been determined. Propofol and propofol/ketamine were compared for the evaluation of laryngeal function in 48 healthy dogs. Laryngeal exposure was moderate to excellent in all dogs and not significantly different between protocols. Saturation of peripheral O2 (SPO2) readings were decreased in the propofol/ketamine group, and deeper respirations were more likely to correlate with normal laryngeal function regardless of treatment group. Doxapram was administered to apneic patients to stimulate respiration and allow for evaluation of laryngeal function. No significant difference in frequency of doxapram administration between groups was noted. Doxapram resulted in higher respiratory scores and significantly increased the ability to determine normal laryngeal function. Ketamine did not allow for a reduction in propofol dose and caused increased respiratory depression, making ketamine a poor addition to propofol for laryngeal function examination. Regardless of the protocol used, laryngeal function should be determined in conjunction with the respiratory phase and depth of respirations. Patients with either absent or shallow respirations should receive doxapram for accurate evaluation of laryngeal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelci L. McKeirnan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., M.G., M.R.) and Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (M.P.)
| | - Marjorie E. Gross
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., M.G., M.R.) and Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (M.P.)
| | - Mark Rochat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., M.G., M.R.) and Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (M.P.)
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., M.G., M.R.) and Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Caasi DRJ, Arif M, Payton M, Melcher U, Winder L, Ochoa-Corona FM. A multi-target, non-infectious and clonable artificial positive control for routine PCR-based assays. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:229-34. [PMID: 24013035 PMCID: PMC7114305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Positive controls are essential for PCR reliability and are challenging to obtain for rare, exotic and/or emerging pathogens and pose biosafety risks if manufactured using infectious pathogens. Custom synthetic DNA inserts can be designed de novo in tandems of forward and reverse complement priming sequences to be inserted in circular plasmid vectors. To test this concept, artificial positive controls (APCs) for use in PCR were synthesized to contain primer sequences targeting four viruses (Barley yellow dwarf virus, Soilborne wheat mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus) pathogenic to wheat and, as internal control, the plant mitochondrial nad5 gene. Thermodynamics and folding parameters of twenty-four APC inserts were assessed in silico. Two thermodynamically different APCs, designated optimal and sub-optimal, were cloned and tested using end point PCR. The optimal APC had a 100% amplification rate, while only 92% of virus-infected plant tissues, commonly used as reference positive controls, amplified. An array of APC priming sequences from different organisms and/or previously tested primers can be accommodated in a large and flexible number of positive control targets. APCs will streamline and standardize routine PCR, improve reliability and biosafety, and create opportunities for development and commercialization of new synthetic positive control sequences. Controls are essential for PCR reliability in diagnostics and microbial forensics. Controls are challenging to obtain for rare, exotic and/or emerging pathogens. Positive controls pose biosafety risks if manufactured using infectious pathogens. Tandems of forward and reverse primers were engineered as synthetic DNA inserts. Synthetic controls were demonstrated in silico and subsequently in vitro by PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Ria J Caasi
- National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ye CM, Chen S, Payton M, Dickman MB, Verchot J. TGBp3 triggers the unfolded protein response and SKP1-dependent programmed cell death. Mol Plant Pathol 2013; 14:241-55. [PMID: 23458484 PMCID: PMC6638746 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Potato virus X (PVX) triple gene block protein 3 (TGBp3), an 8-kDa membrane binding protein, aids virus movement and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) during PVX infection. TGBp3 was expressed from the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome (TMV-p3), and we noted the up-regulation of SKP1 and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP), protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), calreticulin (CRT) and calmodulin (CAM). Local lesions were seen on leaves inoculated with TMV-p3, but not TMV or PVX. Such lesions were the result of TGBp3-elicited programmed cell death (PCD), as shown by an increase in reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation and induction of SKP1 expression. UPR-related gene expression occurred within 8 h of TMV-p3 inoculation and declined before the onset of PCD. TGBp3-mediated cell death was suppressed in plants that overexpressed BiP, indicating that UPR induction by TGBp3 is a pro-survival mechanism. Anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-xl, CED-9 and Op-IAP were expressed in transgenic plants and suppressed N gene-mediated resistance to TMV, but failed to alleviate TGBp3-induced PCD. However, TGBp3-mediated cell death was reduced in SKP1-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The combined data suggest that TGBp3 triggers the UPR and elicits PCD in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming Ye
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Evans SF, Meister M, Peterson S, Perkins‐Veazie P, Clarke S, Payton M, Smith B, Lucas E. Effects of mango supplementation on body weight and composition and clinical parameters of obese individuals. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1057.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maureen Meister
- Nutritional Sciences DepartmentOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Nutritional Sciences DepartmentOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Penelope Perkins‐Veazie
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentNorth Carolina State University Research CampusKannapolisNC
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Nutritional Sciences DepartmentOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Mark Payton
- Statistics DepartmentOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Brenda Smith
- Nutritional Sciences DepartmentOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Edralin Lucas
- Nutritional Sciences DepartmentOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnson SA, Figueroa A, Navaei N, Wong A, Kalfon R, Elam M, Payton M, Arjmandi BH. High blood pressure and arterial stiffness are not associated with low bone mass. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1053.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Roy Kalfon
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Marcus Elam
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of StatisticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The Potato virus X (PVX) triple gene block protein 3 (TGBp3), an 8-kDa membrane binding protein, aids virus movement and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) during PVX infection. TGBp3 was expressed from the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome (TMV-p3), and we noted the up-regulation of SKP1 and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP), protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), calreticulin (CRT) and calmodulin (CAM). Local lesions were seen on leaves inoculated with TMV-p3, but not TMV or PVX. Such lesions were the result of TGBp3-elicited programmed cell death (PCD), as shown by an increase in reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation and induction of SKP1 expression. UPR-related gene expression occurred within 8 h of TMV-p3 inoculation and declined before the onset of PCD. TGBp3-mediated cell death was suppressed in plants that overexpressed BiP, indicating that UPR induction by TGBp3 is a pro-survival mechanism. Anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-xl, CED-9 and Op-IAP were expressed in transgenic plants and suppressed N gene-mediated resistance to TMV, but failed to alleviate TGBp3-induced PCD. However, TGBp3-mediated cell death was reduced in SKP1-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The combined data suggest that TGBp3 triggers the UPR and elicits PCD in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming Ye
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Navaei N, Johnson SA, Figueroa A, Wong A, Kalfon R, Elam M, Payton M, Arjmandi BH. Lean Mass and Handgrip Strength May Be Associated With Dietary Intake. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Roy Kalfon
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Marcus Elam
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of StatisticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise SciencesThe Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Straumann A, Hoesli S, Bussmann C, Stuck M, Perkins M, Collins LP, Payton M, Pettipher R, Hunter M, Steiner J, Simon HU. Anti-eosinophil activity and clinical efficacy of the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2013; 68:375-85. [PMID: 23379537 DOI: 10.1111/all.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, Th2-type inflammatory disease. Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule on Th2 cells (CRTH2) is a prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) receptor, expressed by Th2 cells and other inflammatory cells, including eosinophils and basophils, that mediates chemotaxis and activation. OC000459 is a selective CRTH2 antagonist and would be expected to suppress eosinophilic tissue inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an OC000459 monotherapy in adult patients with active, corticosteroid-dependent or corticosteroid-refractory EoE. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 26 adult patients (m/f = 22/4; mean age 41 years, range 22-69 years) with active EoE, dependent or resistant to corticosteroids, were treated either with 100 mg OC000459 (n = 14) or placebo (n = 12) twice daily. Pre- and post-treatment disease activity was assessed clinically, endoscopically, histologically, and via biomarkers. The primary end point was the reduction in esophageal eosinophil infiltration. RESULTS After an 8-week OC000459 treatment, the esophageal eosinophil load decreased significantly, from 114.83 to 73.26 eosinophils per high-power field [(eos/hpf), P = 0.0256], whereas no reduction was observed with placebo (102.80-99.47 eos/hpf, P = 0.870). With OC000459, the physician's global assessment of disease activity improved from 7.13 to 5.18 (P = 0.035). OC000459 likewise reduced extracellular deposits of eosinophil peroxidase and tenascin C, the effects not seen with placebo. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS An 8-week treatment with the CRTH2-antagonist, OC000459, exerts modest, but significant, anti-eosinophil and beneficial clinical effects in adult patients with active, corticosteroid-dependent or corticosteroid-refractory EoE and is well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Straumann
- Swiss EoE Clinic and EoE Research Network; Olten
| | - S. Hoesli
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern
| | - Ch. Bussmann
- Institute of Pathology; General Hospital Lucerne; Lucerne; Switzerland
| | - M. Stuck
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Steiner
- Oxford Therapeutics Consulting Ltd; Brightwell cum Sotwell; Oxon; UK
| | - H.-U. Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ye CM, Kelly V, Payton M, Dickman MB, Verchot J. SGT1 is induced by the potato virus X TGBp3 and enhances virus accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mol Plant 2012; 5:1151-3. [PMID: 22461666 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
|
47
|
Gilliam LL, Canida AG, McFarlane D, Holbrook TC, Payton M, Ownby CL. 240. Development of a Double Sandwich Flourescent ELISA to Detect Rattlesnake Venom In Biological Samples from Horses with a Clinical Diagnosis of Rattlesnake Bite. Toxicon 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
48
|
Rogers SM, Payton M, Allen RW, Melcher U, Carver J, Fletcher J. Method: a single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping method for Wheat streak mosaic virus. Investig Genet 2012; 3:10. [PMID: 22594601 PMCID: PMC3488013 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon increased the concern about the potential for terrorist attacks on many vulnerable sectors of the US, including agriculture. The concentrated nature of crops, easily obtainable biological agents, and highly detrimental impacts make agroterrorism a potential threat. Although procedures for an effective criminal investigation and attribution following such an attack are available, important enhancements are still needed, one of which is the capability for fine discrimination among pathogen strains. The purpose of this study was to develop a molecular typing assay for use in a forensic investigation, using Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) as a model plant virus. METHOD This genotyping technique utilizes single base primer extension to generate a genetic fingerprint. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the coat protein and helper component-protease genes were selected as the genetic markers for this assay. Assay optimization and sensitivity testing was conducted using synthetic targets. WSMV strains and field isolates were collected from regions around the world and used to evaluate the assay for discrimination. The assay specificity was tested against a panel of near-neighbors consisting of genetic and environmental near-neighbors. RESULT Each WSMV strain or field isolate tested produced a unique SNP fingerprint, with the exception of three isolates collected within the same geographic location that produced indistinguishable fingerprints. The results were consistent among replicates, demonstrating the reproducibility of the assay. No SNP fingerprints were generated from organisms included in the near-neighbor panel, suggesting the assay is specific for WSMV. Using synthetic targets, a complete profile could be generated from as low as 7.15 fmoles of cDNA. CONCLUSION The molecular typing method presented is one tool that could be incorporated into the forensic science tool box after a thorough validation study. This method incorporates molecular biology techniques that are already well established in research and diagnostic laboratories, allowing for an easy introduction of this method into existing laboratories. KEYWORDS single nucleotide polymorphisms, genotyping, plant pathology, viruses, microbial forensics, Single base primer extension, SNaPshot Multiplex Kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Rogers
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Robert W Allen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Ulrich Melcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jesse Carver
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fletcher
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jann HW, Bartels K, Ritchey JW, Payton M, Bennett JM. Equine wound healing: influence of low level laser therapy on an equine metacarpal wound healing model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/plm-2012-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo evaluate the effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on healing of full thickness symmetrical skin wounds in horses. LLLT is a therapeutic modality using the application of light, usually a low power laser or light emitting diode in the power range of 1 mW to 12 W that, in practical terms, promotes tissue regeneration as well as reducing inflammation and pain.Experimental study.Healthy horses (n=8).Full thickness, 2.5 cm square skin wounds were created in the mid-metacarpal region on one leg of eight normal horses. LLLT was used on limbs assigned to the experimental group and limbs assigned to the control group were allowed to heal without treatment. LLLT was administered using a line generated optical scanner with a dual diode laser system (model EML; Erchonia Laser Healthcare, McKinney, TX, USA) at a wavelength of 635 nm and an energy output of 17 mW per diode. Wound size was measured for an 80-day period post operatively. Eighty days after surgery incisional biopsies were examined histologically.Wounds treated with LLLT healed faster than the control wounds (LLLT increased the rate of wound healing.
Collapse
|
50
|
Newcomb B, Arble J, Rochat M, Pechman R, Payton M. Comparison of computed tomography and myelography to a reference standard of computed tomographic myelography for evaluation of dogs with intervertebral disc disease. Vet Surg 2011; 41:207-14. [PMID: 22091972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) and myelography to a reference standard of CT myelography for determining localization of Type I intervertebral disc extrusions in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective blinded comparative study. ANIMALS Dogs with acute onset myelopathy because of suspected disc extrusions (n = 30). METHODS Dogs had CT, myelography, and CT myelography to diagnose disc extrusions. Sensitivity of CT and myelography was compared to CT myelography for lateral, longitudinal, and combined localization. Confidence in the assessment of each imaging study was scored by 3 reviewers. RESULTS Sensitivity of CT for lateral, longitudinal, and combined localization was 94%, 91%, and 81%, respectively, and was 64%, 74%, and 53%, respectively for myelography. Sensitivity of all 3 categories of localization was significantly different between modalities (P < .0001, P = .0031, P < .0001). Significant differences in the sensitivity of lateral and combined localization were found between confidence scores for myelography (P < .0001, P < .0001). Significant differences in the sensitivity of lateral, longitudinal, and combined localization were found between confidence scores for CT (P = .011, P = .013, P = .027). Poor sensitivity was obtained for both modalities except when imaging studies were assigned the highest confidence score. CONCLUSIONS CT is a more sensitive imaging technique than myelography for localizing disc extrusions when compared to a reference standard of CT myelography. Both modalities yielded high sensitivity with the highest confidence score and poor sensitivity for all other confidence scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Newcomb
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, OK, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|