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Dalby A, Ballester-Beltrán J, Lincetto C, Mueller A, Foad N, Evans A, Baye J, Turro E, Moreau T, Tijssen MR, Ghevaert C. Transcription Factor Levels after Forward Programming of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells with GATA1, FLI1, and TAL1 Determine Megakaryocyte versus Erythroid Cell Fate Decision. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1462-1478. [PMID: 30503262 PMCID: PMC6294717 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of blood cells and their precursors from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro has the potential to make a significant impact upon healthcare provision. We demonstrate that the forward programming of hPSCs through overexpression of GATA1, FLI1, and TAL1 leads to the production of a population of progenitors that can differentiate into megakaryocyte or erythroblasts. Using “rainbow” lentiviral vectors to quantify individual transgene expression in single cells, we demonstrate that the cell fate decision toward an erythroblast or megakaryocyte is dictated by the level of FLI1 expression and is independent of culture conditions. Early FLI1 expression is critical to confer proliferative potential to programmed cells while its subsequent silencing or maintenance dictates an erythroid or megakaryocytic fate, respectively. These committed progenitors subsequently expand and mature into megakaryocytes or erythroblasts in response to thrombopoietin or erythropoietin. Our results reveal molecular mechanisms underlying hPSC forward programming and novel opportunities for application to transfusion medicine. Overexpression of GATA1, TAL1, and FLI1 in hPSCS produces megakaryocytes and erythroblasts Lineage fate is an early event independent of cytokines but dictated by FLI1 transgene
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dalby
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jose Ballester-Beltrán
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Chiara Lincetto
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Annett Mueller
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Nicola Foad
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Amanda Evans
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - James Baye
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Thomas Moreau
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Marloes R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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2
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Moreau T, Evans AL, Vasquez L, Tijssen MR, Yan Y, Trotter MW, Howard D, Colzani M, Arumugam M, Wu WH, Dalby A, Lampela R, Bouet G, Hobbs CM, Pask DC, Payne H, Ponomaryov T, Brill A, Soranzo N, Ouwehand WH, Pedersen RA, Ghevaert C. Corrigendum: Large-scale production of megakaryocytes from human pluripotent stem cells by chemically defined forward programming. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15076. [PMID: 28752836 PMCID: PMC5537628 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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3
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Kollmann K, Warsch W, Gonzalez-Arias C, Nice FL, Avezov E, Milburn J, Li J, Dimitropoulou D, Biddie S, Wang M, Poynton E, Colzani M, Tijssen MR, Anand S, McDermott U, Huntly B, Green T. A novel signalling screen demonstrates that CALR mutations activate essential MAPK signalling and facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation. Leukemia 2017; 31:934-944. [PMID: 27740635 PMCID: PMC5383931 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients lacking JAK2 mutations harbour somatic CALR mutations that are thought to activate cytokine signalling although the mechanism is unclear. To identify kinases important for survival of CALR-mutant cells, we developed a novel strategy (KISMET) that utilizes the full range of kinase selectivity data available from each inhibitor and thus takes advantage of off-target noise that limits conventional small-interfering RNA or inhibitor screens. KISMET successfully identified known essential kinases in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cell lines and identified the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as required for growth of the CALR-mutated MARIMO cells. Expression of mutant CALR in murine or human haematopoietic cell lines was accompanied by myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL)-dependent activation of MAPK signalling, and MPN patients with CALR mutations showed increased MAPK activity in CD34 cells, platelets and megakaryocytes. Although CALR mutations resulted in protein instability and proteosomal degradation, mutant CALR was able to enhance megakaryopoiesis and pro-platelet production from human CD34+ progenitors. These data link aberrant MAPK activation to the MPN phenotype and identify it as a potential therapeutic target in CALR-mutant positive MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kollmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Warsch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Gonzalez-Arias
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F L Nice
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Avezov
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Milburn
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Dimitropoulou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Biddie
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Poynton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Colzani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Anand
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - U McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - B Huntly
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Pleines I, Woods J, Chappaz S, Kew V, Foad N, Ballester-Beltrán J, Aurbach K, Lincetto C, Lane RM, Schevzov G, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ, Astle WJ, Downes K, Nurden P, Westbury SK, Mumford AD, Obaji SG, Collins PW, Delerue F, Ittner LM, Bryce NS, Holliday M, Lucas CA, Hardeman EC, Ouwehand WH, Gunning PW, Turro E, Tijssen MR, Kile BT. Mutations in tropomyosin 4 underlie a rare form of human macrothrombocytopenia. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:814-829. [PMID: 28134622 PMCID: PMC5330761 DOI: 10.1172/jci86154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anuclear cells that are essential for blood clotting. They are produced by large polyploid precursor cells called megakaryocytes. Previous genome-wide association studies in nearly 70,000 individuals indicated that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the gene encoding the actin cytoskeletal regulator tropomyosin 4 (TPM4) exert an effect on the count and volume of platelets. Platelet number and volume are independent risk factors for heart attack and stroke. Here, we have identified 2 unrelated families in the BRIDGE Bleeding and Platelet Disorders (BPD) collection who carry a TPM4 variant that causes truncation of the TPM4 protein and segregates with macrothrombocytopenia, a disorder characterized by low platelet count. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea–induced (ENU-induced) missense mutations in Tpm4 or targeted inactivation of the Tpm4 locus led to gene dosage–dependent macrothrombocytopenia in mice. All other blood cell counts in Tpm4-deficient mice were normal. Insufficient TPM4 expression in human and mouse megakaryocytes resulted in a defect in the terminal stages of platelet production and had a mild effect on platelet function. Together, our findings demonstrate a nonredundant role for TPM4 in platelet biogenesis in humans and mice and reveal that truncating variants in TPM4 cause a previously undescribed dominant Mendelian platelet disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pleines
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanne Woods
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Chappaz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Verity Kew
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Foad
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José Ballester-Beltrán
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Aurbach
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Lincetto
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael M. Lane
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Galina Schevzov
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warren S. Alexander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Douglas J. Hilton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - William J. Astle
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Sarah K. Westbury
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Mumford
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Samya G. Obaji
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Collins
- Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - NIHR BioResource
- NIHR BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Delerue
- Transgenic Animal Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Transgenic Animal Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole S. Bryce
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mira Holliday
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine A. Lucas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edna C. Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marloes R. Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Kile
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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5
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Wijgaerts A, Wittevrongel C, Thys C, Devos T, Peerlinck K, Tijssen MR, Van Geet C, Freson K. The transcription factor GATA1 regulates NBEAL2 expression through a long-distance enhancer. Haematologica 2017; 102:695-706. [PMID: 28082341 PMCID: PMC5395110 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.152777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome is named after the gray appearance of platelets due to the absence of α-granules. It is caused by recessive mutations in NBEAL2, resulting in macrothrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis. Though using the term gray platelets for GATA1 deficiency has been debated, a reduced number of α-granules has been described for macrothrombocytopenia due to GATA1 mutations. We compared platelet size and number of α-granules for two NBEAL2 and two GATA1-deficient patients and found reduced numbers of α-granules for all, with the defect being more pronounced for NBEAL2 deficiency. We further hypothesized that the granule defect for GATA1 is due to a defective control of NBEAL2 expression. Remarkably, platelets from two patients, and Gata1-deficient mice, expressed almost no NBEAL2. The differentiation of GATA1 patient-derived CD34+ stem cells to megakaryocytes showed defective proplatelet and α-granule formation with strongly reduced NBEAL2 protein and ribonucleic acid expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed 5 GATA binding sites in a regulatory region 31 kb upstream of NBEAL2 covered by a H3K4Me1 mark indicative of an enhancer locus. Luciferase reporter constructs containing this region confirmed its enhancer activity in K562 cells, and mutagenesis of the GATA1 binding sites resulted in significantly reduced enhancer activity. Moreover, DNA binding studies showed that GATA1 and GATA2 physically interact with this enhancer region. GATA1 depletion using small interfering ribonucleic acid in K562 cells also resulted in reduced NBEAL2 expression. In conclusion, we herein show a long-distance regulatory region with GATA1 binding sites as being a strong enhancer for NBEAL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Wijgaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Wittevrongel
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Thys
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy Devos
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peerlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Marloes R Tijssen
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK
| | - Chris Van Geet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
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6
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Moreau T, Evans AL, Vasquez L, Tijssen MR, Yan Y, Trotter MW, Howard D, Colzani M, Arumugam M, Wu WH, Dalby A, Lampela R, Bouet G, Hobbs CM, Pask DC, Payne H, Ponomaryov T, Brill A, Soranzo N, Ouwehand WH, Pedersen RA, Ghevaert C. Large-scale production of megakaryocytes from human pluripotent stem cells by chemically defined forward programming. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11208. [PMID: 27052461 PMCID: PMC4829662 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of megakaryocytes (MKs)--the precursors of blood platelets--from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers exciting clinical opportunities for transfusion medicine. Here we describe an original approach for the large-scale generation of MKs in chemically defined conditions using a forward programming strategy relying on the concurrent exogenous expression of three transcription factors: GATA1, FLI1 and TAL1. The forward programmed MKs proliferate and differentiate in culture for several months with MK purity over 90% reaching up to 2 × 10(5) mature MKs per input hPSC. Functional platelets are generated throughout the culture allowing the prospective collection of several transfusion units from as few as 1 million starting hPSCs. The high cell purity and yield achieved by MK forward programming, combined with efficient cryopreservation and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible culture, make this approach eminently suitable to both in vitro production of platelets for transfusion and basic research in MK and platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moreau
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Amanda L. Evans
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Louella Vasquez
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Marloes R. Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Ying Yan
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Matthew W. Trotter
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Daniel Howard
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Meera Arumugam
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Wing Han Wu
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Amanda Dalby
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Riina Lampela
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Guenaelle Bouet
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Catherine M. Hobbs
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Dean C. Pask
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Holly Payne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tatyana Ponomaryov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Roger A. Pedersen
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK,
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK,
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7
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Wilkinson AC, Kawata VKS, Schütte J, Gao X, Antoniou S, Baumann C, Woodhouse S, Hannah R, Tanaka Y, Swiers G, Moignard V, Fisher J, Hidetoshi S, Tijssen MR, de Bruijn MFTR, Liu P, Göttgens B. Single-cell analyses of regulatory network perturbations using enhancer-targeting TALEs suggest novel roles for PU.1 during haematopoietic specification. Development 2014; 141:4018-30. [PMID: 25252941 PMCID: PMC4197694 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) act within wider regulatory networks to control cell identity and fate. Numerous TFs, including Scl (Tal1) and PU.1 (Spi1), are known regulators of developmental and adult haematopoiesis, but how they act within wider TF networks is still poorly understood. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are a novel class of genetic tool based on the modular DNA-binding domains of Xanthomonas TAL proteins, which enable DNA sequence-specific targeting and the manipulation of endogenous gene expression. Here, we report TALEs engineered to target the PU.1-14kb and Scl+40kb transcriptional enhancers as efficient new tools to perturb the expression of these key haematopoietic TFs. We confirmed the efficiency of these TALEs at the single-cell level using high-throughput RT-qPCR, which also allowed us to assess the consequences of both PU.1 activation and repression on wider TF networks during developmental haematopoiesis. Combined with comprehensive cellular assays, these experiments uncovered novel roles for PU.1 during early haematopoietic specification. Finally, transgenic mouse studies confirmed that the PU.1-14kb element is active at sites of definitive haematopoiesis in vivo and PU.1 is detectable in haemogenic endothelium and early committing blood cells. We therefore establish TALEs as powerful new tools to study the functionality of transcriptional networks that control developmental processes such as early haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilkinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Viviane K S Kawata
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Judith Schütte
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Xuefei Gao
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stella Antoniou
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Claudia Baumann
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Steven Woodhouse
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rebecca Hannah
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gemma Swiers
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jasmin Fisher
- Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Shimauchi Hidetoshi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Marloes R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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8
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Wilkinson AC, Goode DK, Cheng YH, Dickel DE, Foster S, Sendall T, Tijssen MR, Sanchez MJ, Pennacchio LA, Kirkpatrick AM, Göttgens B. Single site-specific integration targeting coupled with embryonic stem cell differentiation provides a high-throughput alternative to in vivo enhancer analyses. Biol Open 2013; 2:1229-38. [PMID: 24244860 PMCID: PMC3828770 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20136296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements is key to understanding the dynamic gene regulatory networks that control embryonic development. While transgenic animals represent the gold standard assay, their generation is costly, entails significant animal usage, and in utero development complicates time-course studies. As an alternative, embryonic stem (ES) cells can readily be differentiated in a process that correlates well with developing embryos. Here, we describe a highly effective platform for enhancer assays using an Hsp68/Venus reporter cassette that targets to the Hprt locus in mouse ES cells. This platform combines the flexibility of Gateway® cloning, live cell trackability of a fluorescent reporter, low background and the advantages of single copy insertion into a defined genomic locus. We demonstrate the successful recapitulation of tissue-specific enhancer activity for two cardiac and two haematopoietic enhancers. In addition, we used this assay to dissect the functionality of the highly conserved Ets/Ets/Gata motif in the Scl+19 enhancer, which revealed that the Gata motif is not required for initiation of enhancer activity. We further confirmed that Gata2 is not required for endothelial activity of the Scl+19 enhancer using Gata2−/− Scl+19 transgenic embryos. We have therefore established a valuable toolbox to study gene regulatory networks with broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilkinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge , Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK
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9
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Abstract
Cell type-specific transcription factors regulate the repertoire of genes expressed in a cell and thereby determine its phenotype. The differentiation of megakaryocytes, the platelet progenitors, from hematopoietic stem cells is a well-known process that can be mimicked in culture. However, the efficient formation of platelets in culture remains a challenge. Platelet formation is a complicated process including megakaryocyte maturation, platelet assembly and platelet shedding. We hypothesize that a better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of this process will allow us to influence it such that sufficient numbers of platelets can be produced for clinical applications. After an introduction to gene regulation and platelet formation, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the regulation of platelet formation by the transcription factors EVI1, GATA1, FLI1, NFE2, RUNX1, SRF and its co-factor MKL1, and TAL1. Also covered is how some platelet disorders including myeloproliferative neoplasms, result from disturbances of the transcriptional regulation. These disorders give us invaluable insights into the crucial role these transcription factors play in platelet formation. Finally, there is discussion of how a better understanding of these processes will be needed to allow for efficient production of platelets in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of CambridgeUK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and NHS Blood and TransplantCambridge, UK
| | - C Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and NHS Blood and TransplantCambridge, UK
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10
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Wilson NK, Tijssen MR, Göttgens B. Deciphering transcriptional control mechanisms in hematopoiesis:the impact of high-throughput sequencing technologies. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:961-8. [PMID: 21781948 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the key challenges facing biomedical research is to extract biologically meaningful information from the ever-increasing scale and complexity of datasets generated through high-throughput approaches. Hematopoiesis represents one of the most experimentally tractable mammalian organ systems and, therefore, has historically tended to be at the forefront of applying new technologies within biomedical research. The combination of massive parallel sequencing technologies with chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq) permits genome-scale characterization of histone modification status and identification of the complete set of binding sites for transcription factors. Because transcription factors have long been recognized as essential regulators of cell fate choice in hematopoiesis, ChIP-Seq technology has rapidly entered the arena of modern experimental hematology. Here we review the biological insights gained from ChIP-Seq studies performed in the hematopoietic system since the earliest studies just 4 years ago. A surprisingly large number of different approaches have already been implemented to extract new biological knowledge from ChIP-Seq datasets. By focusing on successful insights from multiple different approaches, we hope to provide stimulating reading for anyone wanting to utilize ChIP-Seq technology within their particular research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK
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11
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Paul DS, Nisbet JP, Yang TP, Meacham S, Rendon A, Hautaviita K, Tallila J, White J, Tijssen MR, Sivapalaratnam S, Basart H, Trip MD, Göttgens B, Soranzo N, Ouwehand WH, Deloukas P. Maps of open chromatin guide the functional follow-up of genome-wide association signals: application to hematological traits. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002139. [PMID: 21738486 PMCID: PMC3128100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Turning genetic discoveries identified in genome-wide association (GWA) studies into biological mechanisms is an important challenge in human genetics. Many GWA signals map outside exons, suggesting that the associated variants may lie within regulatory regions. We applied the formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) method in a megakaryocytic and an erythroblastoid cell line to map active regulatory elements at known loci associated with hematological quantitative traits, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. We showed that the two cell types exhibit distinct patterns of open chromatin and that cell-specific open chromatin can guide the finding of functional variants. We identified an open chromatin region at chromosome 7q22.3 in megakaryocytes but not erythroblasts, which harbors the common non-coding sequence variant rs342293 known to be associated with platelet volume and function. Resequencing of this open chromatin region in 643 individuals provided strong evidence that rs342293 is the only putative causative variant in this region. We demonstrated that the C- and G-alleles differentially bind the transcription factor EVI1 affecting PIK3CG gene expression in platelets and macrophages. A protein–protein interaction network including up- and down-regulated genes in Pik3cg knockout mice indicated that PIK3CG is associated with gene pathways with an established role in platelet membrane biogenesis and thrombus formation. Thus, rs342293 is the functional common variant at this locus; to the best of our knowledge this is the first such variant to be elucidated among the known platelet quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Our data suggested a molecular mechanism by which a non-coding GWA index SNP modulates platelet phenotype. Genome-wide scans have revealed multiple genetic regions underlying complex traits. However, the transition from an initial association signal to identifying the functional DNA change(s) has proved challenging. Many of the DNA changes discovered are located outside protein-coding regions and may exert their effects through gene regulation. We screened genetic regions associated with hematological traits in erythroblasts (red blood cells) and megakaryocytes (platelet-producing cells) and mapped sites of open chromatin, which harbor active gene regulatory elements. We investigated a DNA sequence change located within a site of open chromatin at chromosome 7 in megakaryocytes, but not erythroblasts, known to be associated with platelet volume. We showed that this DNA change is functional due to alteration of the binding site of a transcription factor, which regulates the expression of a gene that affects platelet characteristics. Mice lacking this gene revealed significant differences in expression of several important platelet genes compared to wild-type mice. The approach described here can be applied in different cell types to functionally follow-up association signals with many other biological traits by identification of the causative base change and how it affects gene function, thus paving the way to clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk S. Paul
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DSP); (PD)
| | | | - Tsun-Po Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Meacham
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto Rendon
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonna Tallila
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Marloes R. Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Basart
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke D. Trip
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DSP); (PD)
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12
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Steevels TAM, Westerlaken GHA, Tijssen MR, Coffer PJ, Lenting PJ, Akkerman JWN, Meyaard L. Co-expression of the collagen receptors leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 and glycoprotein VI on a subset of megakaryoblasts. Haematologica 2010; 95:2005-12. [PMID: 20713462 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.026120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The collagen receptor glycoprotein VI generates activating signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motif on the co-associated Fc receptor gamma chain. Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 also ligates collagen but generates inhibitory signals through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. Thus far, the cellular expression of glycoprotein VI and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 appears mutually exclusive. DESIGN AND METHODS Using flow cytometry, we studied expression of collagen receptors on differentiating human megakaryocytes. CD34(+) cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and matured to megakaryocytes in vitro. Freshly isolated bone marrow cells were used to study primary megakaryocytes. Upon cell sorting, cytospins were made to examine cytological characteristics of differentiation. RESULTS Megakaryocyte maturation is accompanied by up-regulation of glycoprotein VI and down-regulation of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1. Interestingly, both in cultures from hematopoietic stem cells and primary cells obtained directly from bone marrow, we identified a subset of morphologically distinct megakaryocytes which co-express glycoprotein VI and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a primary cell that co-expresses these collagen receptors with opposite signaling properties. Since megakaryocytes mature in the collagen-rich environment of the bone marrow, these findings may point to a role for leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 in the control of megakaryocyte maturation/migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A M Steevels
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Reems JA, Wang W, Tsubata K, Abdurrahman N, Sundell B, Tijssen MR, van der Schoot E, Di Summa F, Patel-Hett S, Italiano J, Gilligan DM. Dynamin 3 participates in the growth and development of megakaryocytes. Exp Hematol 2009; 36:1714-27. [PMID: 19007685 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High-density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to compare gene expression profiles from uncultured CD34+/CD38lo cells and culture-derived megakaryocytes (MKs). As previously published, three replicate microarray data sets from three different sources of organ donor marrow were analyzed using the software program Rosetta Resolver. After setting a stringent p value of <or=0.001 with a fold change cutoff of three or more in expression level, dynamin 3 (DNM3) was identified to be differentially expressed during the course of MK development with a mean fold-change of 8.2+/-2.1 (mean+/-standard deviation). DNM3 is a member of a family of mechanochemical enzymes (DNM1, DNM2, and DNM3) known for their participation in membrane dynamics by hydrolyzing nucleotides to link cellular membranes to the actin cytoskeleton. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that DNM3 increased by 20.7-+/-3.4-fold (n=4, p=0.09) during megakaryocytopoiesis and Western blot analysis showed that DNM3 protein was expressed in human MKs. Confocal microscopy revealed that DNM3 was distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm of MKs with a punctate appearance in proplatelet processes. Immunogold electron microscopy also showed that DNM3 is widely distributed in the cytoplasm of MKs, with no apparent localization to specific organelles. The open reading frame of DNM3 was cloned from culture-derived human MKs and determined to be 100% identical to the protein encoded by the DNM3 transcript variant ENST00000367731 published in the Ensemble database. Overexpression of DNM3 in umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells resulted in an increase in total nucleated cells, an amplification of total colony-forming cells and colony-forming unit-megakaryocytes, and a concomitant increase in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2) and beta-tubulin. Together these findings provide the first evidence that a member of the dynamin family of mechanochemical enzymes is present in human MKs and indicate that DNM3 is an excellent candidate for playing an important role in mediating cytoskeleton and membrane changes that occur during MK/platelet development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anna Reems
- Northwest Tissue Services/Puget Sound Blood Center, Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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14
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Tijssen MR, di Summa F, van den Oudenrijn S, Zwaginga JJ, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C, de Haas M. Functional analysis of single amino-acid mutations in the thrombopoietin-receptor Mpl underlying congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2008; 141:808-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Tijssen MR, Woelders H, de Vries-van Rossen A, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C, Lagerberg JWM. Improved postthaw viability and in vitro functionality of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells after cryopreservation with a theoretically optimized freezing curve. Transfusion 2008; 48:893-901. [PMID: 18298597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The freezing curve currently used for the cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cell transplants (PBSCTs) has been determined empirically. Although the use of cryopreserved PBSCTs is successful and usually leads to rapid hematopoietic recovery, the freeze-thawing process is known to induce a significant degree of cell death. Furthermore, the infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), used to protect the cells against damage induced by freezing, can cause morbidity. Therefore, optimizing the current cryopreservation protocol (with 10% DMSO and a slow linear cooling curve) with theoretically optimized freezing curves and a lower DMSO concentration might improve the recovery after transplantation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A theoretical model was used to predict optimal freezing curves for 5 and 10 percent DMSO. CD34+-selected and -unselected PBSCs were cryopreserved with the current or the new freezing curves. Postthaw quality was evaluated by cell viability, colony formation, and megakaryocyte outgrowth. RESULTS With 10 percent DMSO, the use of the predicted optimal freezing curve resulted in increased postthaw viability of CD34+ cells, colony formation, and megakaryocyte outgrowth. Lowering the DMSO concentration to 5 percent resulted in improved postthaw viability and functionality, which was not further improved by use of the theoretically optimized freezing curve. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the current cryopreservation method for PBSCTs can be improved by either lowering the DMSO concentration to 5 percent or by using the theoretically optimized freezing curve. Infusion of less DMSO and more viable cells might improve the outcome of PBSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes R Tijssen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Blood Cell Research, Laboratory of Cryobiology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Tijssen MR, van Hennik PB, di Summa F, Zwaginga JJ, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C. Transplantation of human peripheral blood CD34-positive cells in combination with ex vivo generated megakaryocytes results in fast platelet formation in NOD/SCID mice. Leukemia 2007; 22:203-8. [PMID: 17943170 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Gusnanto A, Tom B, Burns P, Macaulay I, Thijssen-Timmer DC, Tijssen MR, Langford C, Watkins N, Ouwehand W, Berzuini C, Dudbridge F. Improving the power to detect differentially expressed genes in comparative microarray experiments by including information from self-self hybridizations. Comput Biol Chem 2007; 31:178-85. [PMID: 17499550 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to detect differentially expressed genes in a microarray experiment can be hampered when the number of biological samples of interest is limited. In this situation, we propose the use of information from self-self hybridizations to acuminate our inference of differential expression. A unified modelling strategy is developed to allow better estimation of the error variance. This principle is similar to the use of a pooled variance estimate in the two-sample t-test. The results from real dataset examples suggest that we can detect more genes that are differentially expressed in the combined models. Our simulation study provides evidence that this method increases sensitivity compared to using the information from comparative hybridizations alone, given the same control for false discovery rate. The largest increase in sensitivity occurs when the amount of information in the comparative hybridization is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arief Gusnanto
- Medical Research Council-Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK.
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18
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Macaulay IC, Tijssen MR, Thijssen-Timmer DC, Gusnanto A, Steward M, Burns P, Langford CF, Ellis PD, Dudbridge F, Zwaginga JJ, Watkins NA, van der Schoot CE, Ouwehand WH. Comparative gene expression profiling of in vitro differentiated megakaryocytes and erythroblasts identifies novel activatory and inhibitory platelet membrane proteins. Blood 2006; 109:3260-9. [PMID: 17192395 PMCID: PMC6485507 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-036269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify previously unknown platelet receptors we compared the transcriptomes of in vitro differentiated megakaryocytes (MKs) and erythroblasts (EBs). RNA was obtained from purified, biologically paired MK and EB cultures and compared using cDNA microarrays. Bioinformatical analysis of MK-up-regulated genes identified 151 transcripts encoding transmembrane domain-containing proteins. Although many of these were known platelet genes, a number of previously unidentified or poorly characterized transcripts were also detected. Many of these transcripts, including G6b, G6f, LRRC32, LAT2, and the G protein-coupled receptor SUCNR1, encode proteins with structural features or functions that suggest they may be involved in the modulation of platelet function. Immunoblotting on platelets confirmed the presence of the encoded proteins, and flow cytometric analysis confirmed the expression of G6b, G6f, and LRRC32 on the surface of platelets. Through comparative analysis of expression in platelets and other blood cells we demonstrated that G6b, G6f, and LRRC32 are restricted to the platelet lineage, whereas LAT2 and SUCNR1 were also detected in other blood cells. The identification of the succinate receptor SUCNR1 in platelets is of particular interest, because physiologically relevant concentrations of succinate were shown to potentiate the effect of low doses of a variety of platelet agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain C. Macaulay
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Blood Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marloes R. Tijssen
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research at Central Laboratory for the Blood Transfusion Service (CLB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne C. Thijssen-Timmer
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research at Central Laboratory for the Blood Transfusion Service (CLB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arief Gusnanto
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippa Burns
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Blood Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter D. Ellis
- Microarray Facility, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jaap-Jan Zwaginga
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research at Central Laboratory for the Blood Transfusion Service (CLB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology–Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Watkins
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Blood Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research at Central Laboratory for the Blood Transfusion Service (CLB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Blood Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Tijssen MR, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C, Zwaginga JJ. Clinical approaches involving thrombopoietin to shorten the period of thrombocytopenia after high-dose chemotherapy. Transfus Med Rev 2006; 20:283-93. [PMID: 17008166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy followed by a peripheral blood stem cell transplant is successfully used for a wide variety of malignancies. A major drawback, however, is the delay in platelet recovery. Several clinical strategies using thrombopoietin (Tpo) have been developed in an attempt to speed up platelet repopulation. In contrast to its success in immune thrombocytopenia and in low-dose toxic chemotherapeutic regimens, Tpo appears less effective in the case of high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplant. To develop a successful therapeutic approach, more knowledge is needed on several aspects of megakaryocyte (progenitor) biology, such as homing to the bone marrow, endomitosis, and platelet formation. Interactions of the megakaryocytes with the marrow vasculature and the microvascular microenvironment are other key factors for optimal thrombocytopoiesis. The present report reviews the background of the inefficiency of Tpo after intensive chemotherapy and describes possible strategies that might lead to successful therapies to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes R Tijssen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Abstract
Cyclic thrombocytopenia is a rare disorder described in adults, characterized by periodic platelet count fluctuations of unknown etiology. The authors describe a boy with cyclic changes in platelet counts ranging from 2 x 10(9)/L to 224 x 10(9)/L with a periodicity of 25 days. Since birth, the patient had periods of bruising. Platelet counts were periodically low during these periods. Thrombopoietin plasma levels oscillated inversely with the platelet count, whereas glycocalicin levels oscillated in phase with the platelets. No oscillation was seen in neutrophil and reticulocyte numbers. The bone marrow showed periodic reduction in megakaryocyte counts. In an in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis assay, the patient's CD34+ cells showed megakaryocyte formation, although to a lower level than controls. Addition of patient plasma, collected during the rise in platelet numbers, to cultures with normal bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells caused an increase in the development of CD41+ megakaryoblasts. Because the periods with bruising had existed since birth, apparently this is a form of congenital cyclic thrombocytopenia. The underlying mechanism of the cyclic thrombocytopenia in this patient is not yet clear, and until now, no therapy has been found for this patient. However, platelet transfusions have resulted in cessation of bleeding during thrombocytopenic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrie Bruin
- University Children's Hospital/The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gonçalves MAFV, van Nierop GP, Tijssen MR, Lefesvre P, Knaän-Shanzer S, van der Velde I, van Bekkum DW, Valerio D, de Vries AAF. Transfer of the full-length dystrophin-coding sequence into muscle cells by a dual high-capacity hybrid viral vector with site-specific integration ability. J Virol 2005; 79:3146-62. [PMID: 15709034 PMCID: PMC548431 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.5.3146-3162.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the DMD gene, making it a potential target for gene therapy. There is, however, a scarcity of vectors that can accommodate the 14-kb DMD cDNA and permanently genetically correct muscle tissue in vivo or proliferating myogenic progenitors in vitro for use in autologous transplantation. Here, a dual high-capacity adenovirus-adeno-associated virus (hcAd/AAV) vector with two full-length human dystrophin-coding sequences flanked by AAV integration-enhancing elements is presented. These vectors are generated from input linear monomeric DNA molecules consisting of the Ad origin of replication and packaging signal followed by the recently identified AAV DNA integration efficiency element (p5IEE), the transgene(s) of interest, and the AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR). After infection of producer cells with a helper Ad vector, the Ad DNA replication machinery, in concert with the AAV ITR-dependent dimerization, leads to the assembly of vector genomes with a tail-to-tail configuration that are efficiently amplified and packaged into Ad capsids. These dual hcAd/AAV hybrid vectors were used to express the dystrophin-coding sequence in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro and to restore dystrophin synthesis in the muscle tissues of mdx mice in vivo. Introduction into human cells of chimeric genomes, which contain a structure reminiscent of AAV proviral DNA, resulted in AAV Rep-dependent targeted DNA integration into the AAVS1 locus on chromosome 19. Dual hcAd/AAV hybrid vectors may thus be particularly useful to develop safe treatment modalities for diseases such as DMD that rely on efficient transfer and stable expression of large genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Gene Therapy Section, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Tijssen MR, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C, Zwaginga JJ. The (patho)physiology of megakaryocytopoiesis: from thrombopoietin in diagnostics and therapy to ex vivo generated cellular products. Vox Sang 2005; 87 Suppl 2:52-5. [PMID: 15209879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6892.2004.00500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M R Tijssen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, location CLB, Academical Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hornberg JJ, Tijssen MR, Lankelma J. Synergistic activation of signalling to extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 by epidermal growth factor and 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:3905-13. [PMID: 15373836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways are often embedded in complex networks, which result from interactions between pathways and feedback circuitry. In order to understand such networks, qualitative information on which interactions take place and quantitative data on their strength become essential. Here, we have investigated how the multiple interactions between the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and protein kinase C (PKC) affect the time profile of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation in normal rat kidney fibroblasts. This profile is a major determinant for the cellular response that is evoked. We found that EGF stimulation leads to a biphasic ERK-PP pattern, consisting of an initial peak and a relaxation to a low quasi-steady state-phase. Costimulation with the EGF and PKC activator, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a similar pattern, but the ERK-PP concentration in the quasi-steady state-phase was synergistically higher than after stimulation with either EGF or PMA only. This resulted in prolonged signalling to ERK. PMA increased the EGF concentration sufficient to obtain half-maximum ERK phosphorylation. These data suggest that PKC amplifies EGF-induced signalling to ERK, without increasing its sensitivity to low EGF concentrations. Furthermore, PKC inhibition did not affect the ERK-PP time profile upon EGF stimulation and a cellular phospholipase A2 (cPLA(2)) inhibitor did not decrease the synergistic effect of EGF and PMA. This indicates that the positive feedback loop from ERK to Raf via cPLA(2) and PKC does not contribute significantly to signalling from EGF to ERK in normal rat kidney cells. Taken together, we provide a quantitative description of which reported interactions in this network affect the time profile of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit J Hornberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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